View source for Smilax bona-nox

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Smilax bona-nox
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 1030. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Zarzaparrilla
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W1
|label=
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Smilax bona-nox var. exauriculata
|authority=Fernald
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Smilax bona-nox var. hastata
|authority=(Willdenow) A. de Candolle
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Smilax bona-nox var. hederifolia
|authority=(Beyrich ex Kunth) Fernald
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Smilax bona-nox var. littoralis
|authority=Coker
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Smilax hastata
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Smilax hederifolia
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Smilax renifolia
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Smilax variegata
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Smilacaceae;Smilax;Smilax bona-nox
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Smilacaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Smilax]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Smilax bona-nox]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 26
|mention_page=page 470, 472, 477
|treatment_page=page 471
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties="">Vines; rhizomes tuberous, woody, or stoloniferous. <b>Stems</b> perennial, climbing, often zigzag distally, branched, terete to 4-angled, stout, to 5+ m × 5 mm, woody, glabrous or infrequently with stellate trichomes; prickles often absent distally, tips black, flattened, broad- based, stout, 4–9 mm, rigid. <b>Leaves</b> evergreen, ± evenly dispersed; petiole 0.7–1.5 cm; blade pale green, often with white blotches, drying to uniform tan, thickish, broadly ovate to lanceolate-ovate or hastate to pandurate, with 3(–5) ± prominent veins, 3–10 × 2.5–9 cm, not glaucous, glabrous or minutely pubescent abaxially, base cordate to truncate, frequently lobed; margins entire to remotely spinose-ciliate, thickened by ribbed, cartilaginous band, often revolute and appearing as prominent vein parallel to margins, apex rounded to short-apiculate. <b>Umbels</b> few to numerous, axillary to leaves, 10–15+-flowered, moderately dense; peduncle 1.5–6+ cm. <b>Flowers</b>: perianth pale green; tepals 3–4.5 mm; anthers shorter than to ± equaling filaments; ovule 1 per locule; pedicel 0.8–1.2 cm. <b>Berries</b> black, ovoid to spherical, 6–8 mm, shiny to dull, sometimes glaucous. <b>2n</b> = 32.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Apr–May.
|habitat=Well-drained to wet areas in woods, fields, thickets, hedgerows, floodplain forests, etc., full to partial sun
|elevation=0–1000 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;Mexico;West Indies.
|discussion=<p>Numerous varieties, based mainly on differences in leaf shape, have been proposed for <i>Smilax bona-nox</i>. Variation is so great even in individual plants that recognition of these varieties is untenable. J. A. Steyermark (1963) suggested that leaf variation may be correlated with stages of plant maturity. The species often may be considered weedy, occurring in very dense, tangled masses.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Smilax bona-nox
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Smilax bona-nox var. exauriculata;Smilax bona-nox var. hastata;Smilax bona-nox var. hederifolia;Smilax bona-nox var. littoralis;Smilax hastata;Smilax hederifolia;Smilax renifolia;Smilax variegata
|basionyms=
|family=Smilacaceae
|phenology=Flowering Apr–May.
|habitat=Well-drained to wet areas in woods, fields, thickets, hedgerows, floodplain forests, etc., full to partial sun
|elevation=0–1000 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;S.C.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;Mexico;West Indies.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=W1;Illustrated
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V26/V26_982.xml
|genus=Smilax
|species=Smilax bona-nox
}}<!--

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