View source for Carduus crispus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Carduus crispus
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=2: 821. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|common_names=Welted or curled thistle;chardon crépu
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=I
|label=Introduced
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms=
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cardueae;Carduus;Carduus crispus
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cardueae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Carduus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Carduus crispus]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 91
|treatment_page=page 92
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Annuals </b>or biennials, 30–150 cm. <b>Stems</b> openly branching, villous with curled, septate hairs to nearly glabrous, spiny wings to 1.5 cm wide, wing spines to 3 mm. <b>Leaves</b>: basal tapering to winged petioles, blades 10–20 cm, margins spiny-toothed to ± shallowly pinnately lobed; cauline sessile, gradually smaller, margins often more deeply divided, marginal spines to 3 mm; abaxial leaf faces ± tomentose with long, one-celled hairs and/or long, curled, septate hairs along veins or glabrate; adaxial faces sparsely hairy or glabrate. <b>Heads</b> borne singly or in groups of 2–5, 15–18 mm. <b>Peduncles</b> spiny-winged to near apex or throughout, to 4 cm. <b>Involucres</b> ± spheric, 12–17 × 12–17 mm. <b>Phyllaries</b> narrowly lanceolate, outer and middle with appressed bases ca. 1 mm wide and appressed to spreading appendages 0.5–1 mm wide, spine tips 1–1.5 mm, inner with unarmed, straight tips. <b>Corollas</b> purple or ± white, 11–16 mm, lobes ca. 3.5 times length of throat. <b>Cypselae</b> light brown to gray-brown, 2.5–3.8 mm; pappus bristles 11–13 mm. <b>2n</b> = 16 (Sweden).</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering summer–fall (Jul–Sep).
|habitat=Weed of waste ground, pastures, roadsides, fields
|elevation=0–500 m
|distribution=B.C.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;N.J.;Pa.;Eurasia.
|introduced=true
|discussion=<p>Canadian distributions above follow R. J. Moore and C. Frankton (1974); I have not seen those specimens. <i>Carduus crispus</i> has been reported also from Arkansas, Connecticut, Iowa, Illinois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Missouri, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia, and West Virginia; I have not seen specimens from those states.</p><!--
--><p>Two subspecies of <i>Carduus crispus</i> have been recognized (S. M. A. Kazmi 1964); those are not differentiated here.</p><!--
--><p><i>Carduus crispus</i> closely resembles the much more common <i>C. acanthoides</i>. Some published records of <i>C. crispus</i> are probably <i>C. acanthoides</i>. Although the degree of spininess and tough versus brittle stems were used as key characters (A. Cronquist 1980; H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist 1991) to differentiate the two taxa, both characters are subjective, and the second is impractical with dry material.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Carduus crispus
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering summer–fall (Jul–Sep).
|habitat=Weed of waste ground, pastures, roadsides, fields
|elevation=0–500 m
|distribution=B.C.;N.B.;N.S.;Ont.;Que.;N.J.;Pa.;Eurasia.
|introduced=true
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=Introduced
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_46.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cardueae
|genus=Carduus
|species=Carduus crispus
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Carduus]]