View source for Cyperus melanostachyus

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Cyperus niger
|accepted_authority=Ruiz & Pavón
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fl. Peruv.
|place=1: 47. 1798
|year=1798
}}
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cyperus diandrus var. castaneus
|authority=S. Watson
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cyperus melanostachyus
|authority=Kunth
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Cyperus niger var. castaneus
|authority=(S. Watson) Kükenthal
|rank=variety
}}
|hierarchy=Cyperaceae;Cyperus;Cyperus subg. Pycreus;Cyperus niger
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Cyperaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Cyperus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Cyperus subg. Pycreus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Cyperus niger]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 23
|mention_page=page 161
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> perennial, rhizomatous. <b>Culms</b> solitary or close together, trigonous, 5–40(–95) cm, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b> (2–)3–7, broadly V-shaped, 3–20(–30) cm × 1.5–3 mm. <b>Inflorescences</b>: spikes loosely to densely ovoid to hemispheric, 7–16 mm diam.; rachis 1–2 mm, or absent; rays 1–2, 3–45 mm; if rays absent, inflorescence sessile, dense, 6–20 mm diam; bracts 2–3, horizontal to reflexed downward, broadly V-shaped, 1–15 cm × 1–3 mm. <b>Spikelets</b> (3–)5–25(–60), linear to oblong-linear, (3–)5–9 × 1.8–2.3 mm; floral scales 4–18, closely imbricate, chestnut brown, black, or brown, medially green or greenish brown, laterally ribless, medially 2(–3)-ribbed, distinctly 2-keeled basally, ovate to orbiculate, 1.5–2.1 × 1.4–2.2 mm, apex obtuse. <b>Flowers</b>: stamens 2; anthers 0.6–0.8 mm, connectives not prolonged; styles 0.4–0.6 mm; stigmas 0.7–2.1 mm. <b>Achenes</b> brown, ellipsoid, 1.2–1.4 × 0.6–0.8 mm, network of ridges forming isodiametric or square cells, slightly stipitate, apex apiculate, surfaces minutely punctate.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Fruiting summer.
|habitat=Swamps, ditches, wet pastures, seeps in montane forests
|elevation=0–1200 m
|distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;N.Mex.;Okla.;Tex.;Mexico;Central America;South America.
|discussion=<p>Six varieties (<i>Cyperus niger</i> var. niger, var. castaneus, <i></i>var.<i> robustus</i>, var. lorentizianus, var. intricate-ramosus, and var. pseudo-elegantulus) were recognized by G. Kükenthal (1935–1936). Based on field observations and measurements of hundreds of collections from Mexico, where the species is most plentiful, it does not seem possible to recognize any of the infraspecific taxa (G. C. Tucker 1983, 1994; G. C. Tucker and R. McVaugh 1993).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Cyperus niger
|authority=Ruiz & Pavón
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=Cyperus diandrus var. castaneus;Cyperus melanostachyus;Cyperus niger var. castaneus
|basionyms=
|family=Cyperaceae
|phenology=Fruiting summer.
|habitat=Swamps, ditches, wet pastures, seeps in montane forests
|elevation=0–1200 m
|distribution=Ariz.;Calif.;N.Mex.;Okla.;Tex.;Mexico;Central America;South America.
|reference=None
|publication title=Fl. Peruv.
|publication year=1798
|special status=Illustrated
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V23/V23_254.xml
|genus=Cyperus
|subgenus=Cyperus subg. Pycreus
|species=Cyperus niger
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Cyperus subg. Pycreus]]