View source for Euphorbia commutata

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Euphorbia commutata
|accepted_authority=Engelmann in A. Gray
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Manual ed.
|place=2, 389. 1856
|year=1856
}}
|common_names=Tinted woodland spurge
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Galarhoeus austrinus
|authority=(Small) Small
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=G. commutatus
|authority=(Engelmann) Small ex Rydberg
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Tithymalus commutatus
|authority=(Engelmann) Klotzsch & Garcke
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Euphorbiaceae;Euphorbia;Euphorbia subg. Esula;Euphorbia commutata
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Euphorbiaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Euphorbia]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Euphorbia subg. Esula]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Euphorbia commutata]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 12
|mention_page=page 297, 301, 303, 306, 308
|treatment_page=page 300
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> usually biennial, occasionally annual, with taproot. <b>Stems</b> erect or ascending, decumbent and often branched near base, 10–40 cm, glabrous. <b>Leaves</b>: petiole usually 5–10 mm, 0–1 mm distally; blade usually oblanceolate to obovate, rarely ovate, 5–30 × 3–10 mm, base broadly attenuate, margins entire, apex usually obtuse to rounded, occasionally slightly retuse, surfaces glabrous; venation pinnate, midvein prominent. <b>Cyathial</b> arrangement: terminal pleiochasial branches (2–)3(–4), 1–3+ times 2-branched; pleiochasial bracts similar in shape and size to distal leaves; dichasial bracts distinct to basally subconnate, not imbricate, widely ovate, rhombic, or reniform, base cordate, rarely slightly perfoliate, margins entire, apex obtuse to rounded, mucronulate; axillary cymose branches 0–5. <b>Cyathia</b>: peduncle 0.5–1 mm. <b>Involucre</b> campanulate, 1.7–2.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm, glabrous; glands 4, crescent-shaped; 0.6–1 × 0.8–1.5 mm; horns divergent, 0.5–1.1 mm. <b>Staminate</b> flowers 9–15. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: ovary glabrous; styles 0.9–1.3 mm, 2-fid. <b>Capsules</b> ovoid-globose, 2.5–3.2 × 3 mm, slightly lobed; cocci rounded to ± flattened, smooth, glabrous; columella 1.5–2 mm. <b>Seeds</b> white to gray, broadly oblong-elliptic to ovoid or nearly globose, 1.5–2 × 1.3–1.6 mm, strongly small-pitted; caruncle irregularly winglike, conic, 0.6–1 × 0.7–0.9 mm.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting spring–summer.
|habitat=Bottomland and upland forests, bluffs and ledges, stream banks, glades, rarely fen margins.
|elevation=50–1000 m.
|distribution=Ont.;Ala.;Ark.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;La.;Md.;Mich.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Euphorbia commutata
|authority=Engelmann in A. Gray
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=Galarhoeus austrinus;G. commutatus;Tithymalus commutatus
|basionyms=
|family=Euphorbiaceae
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting spring–summer.
|habitat=Bottomland and upland forests, bluffs and ledges, stream banks, glades, rarely fen margins.
|elevation=50–1000 m.
|distribution=Ont.;Ala.;Ark.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;La.;Md.;Mich.;Miss.;Mo.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;S.C.;Tenn.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Manual ed.
|publication year=1856
|special status=Illustrated;Endemic
|source xml=https://bibilujan@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/bb6b7e3a7de7d3b7888a1ad48c7fd8f5c722d8d6/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V12/V12_361.xml
|genus=Euphorbia
|subgenus=Euphorbia subg. Esula
|species=Euphorbia commutata
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Euphorbia subg. Esula]]