View source for Maclura pomifera

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Maclura pomifera
|accepted_authority=(Rafinesque) C. K. Schneider
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Ill. Handb. Laubholzk.
|place=1: 806. 1906
|year=1906
}}
|common_names=Osage-orange;hedge-apple;bois d'arc
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=W1
|label=
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}
|basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym
|name=Ioxylon pomiferum
|authority=Rafinesque
|rank=species
|publication_title=Amer. Monthly Mag. &amp; Crit. Rev.
|publication_place=2: 118. 1817
}}
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Ioxylon aurantiacum
|authority=(Nuttall) Rafinesque
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Maclura aurantiaca
|authority=Nuttall
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Moraceae;Maclura;Maclura pomifera
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Moraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Maclura]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Maclura pomifera]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 3
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees,</b> to 20 m. <b>Bark</b> dark orange-brown, shallowly furrowed, ridges flat, often peeling into long, thin strips. <b>Branchlets</b> greenish yellow, becoming orange-brown; thorns stout, straight, to 1.5 cm, usually lateral to spur branch, spur branches often paired. <b>Buds</b> often paired, larger one red-brown, globose, 1.5-2 mm; scales ciliate; leaf scars half round, bundle scars arranged in oval. <b>Leaves</b>: stipules lanceolate, 1.5-2 mm, pubescent and long-ciliate; petiole 1-2.5 cm, pubescent. <b>Leaf</b> blade 4-12 × 2-6 cm, base rounded, apex acuminate; surfaces abaxially pale, glabrate, midrib and veins pubescent, adaxially lustrous, glabrous, midrib somewhat pubescent. <b>Staminate</b> inflorescences clustered on lateral spur branches; peduncle 1-1.5 cm, pubescent; heads globose or cylindric, 1.3-2.3 cm; pedicels 2-10 mm, glabrate. <b>Pistillate</b> inflorescences: peduncle 2-2.5 mm, glabrous or pubescent; heads globose, sessile on obconic receptacle, to 1.5 cm diam. <b>Staminate</b> flowers: sepals distinct, yellow-green, ca. 1 mm, apex acute, pubescent; filaments ca. 2 mm, closely appressed to sepals, flattened. <b>Pistillate</b> flowers: sepals green, obovate, 3 mm, enclosing and closely appressed to ovary, hoodlike, ciliate near tip; ovary ovoid, compressed, ca. 1 mm; style base green, ca. 3 mm, branches 4-6 mm, glabrous; stigma yellowish, papillose. <b>Syncarps</b> yellow-green to green, spheric, surface irregular, exuding milky sap when broken, peduncle short, glabrous or pubescent; achenes completely covered by accescent, thickened calyx lobes and deeply embedded in receptacle. <b>Seeds</b> cream colored, oval to oblong, 8-12 × 5-6 mm, base truncate or rounded with 1-3 minute points, margins with narrow groove, apex rounded, mucronate; surfaces minutely striated or pitted.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering spring.
|habitat=Thickets
|elevation=0-1500 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|discussion=<p><i>Maclura pomifera</i> is native to southwestern Arkansas, southeastern Oklahoma, and Texas; it is introduced and naturalized elsewhere in the United States. Collections in California, Connecticut, Massachusetts, Rhode Island, and Washington appear to represent isolated escapes.</p><!--
--><p><i>Maclura pomifera</i> has been widely used in fencerows on farms and along roadways in the midwest and eastern states as windbreaks and wildlife shelter.</p><!--
--><p>The Comanches used <i>Maclura pomifera</i> as an eye medication (D. E. Moerman 1986).</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Maclura pomifera
|authority=(Rafinesque) C. K. Schneider
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Ioxylon aurantiacum;Maclura aurantiaca
|basionyms=Ioxylon pomiferum
|family=Moraceae
|phenology=Flowering spring.
|habitat=Thickets
|elevation=0-1500 m
|distribution=Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Miss.;Mo.;Nebr.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis.
|reference=None
|publication title=Ill. Handb. Laubholzk.
|publication year=1906
|special status=W1;Endemic;Illustrated
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_822.xml
|genus=Maclura
|species=Maclura pomifera
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Maclura]]