View source for Prenanthes serpentaria

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Prenanthes serpentaria
|accepted_authority=Pursh
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Fl. Amer. Sept.
|place=2: 499, plate 24. 1813
|year=1813
}}
|common_names=Cankerweed;lion’s-foot;gall-of-the-earth;butterweed
|special_status={{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=F
|label=Illustrated
}}{{Treatment/ID/Special_status
|code=E
|label=Endemic
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Nabalus fraseri
|authority=de Candolle
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Nabalus integrifolius
|authority=Cassini
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Nabalus serpentarius
|authority=(Pursh) Hooker
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Prenanthes integrifolia
|authority=(Cassini) Small
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Asteraceae;Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae;Prenanthes;Prenanthes serpentaria
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Asteraceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>tribe</small>[[Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Prenanthes]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Prenanthes serpentaria]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 19
|mention_page=page 265, 271
|treatment_page=page 270
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Plants </b>50–200+ cm; taproots short and thick, with lateral storage roots. <b>Stems</b> erect, green to reddish or purple mottled, proximally glabrous, distally sparsely tomentulose. <b>Leaves</b>: proximal often withered by flowering; petiolate (petioles 1–10 cm, often with pair of lobes); blades deltate to ovate or elliptic, 5–20 × 4–10 cm, coriaceous, margins usually deeply, pinnately 3–5-lobed, lobes and sinuses large and ± rounded, sometimes deeply cleft to base or palmately divided, apices acute or obtuse, ultimate margins entire or dentate, faces glabrous or finely tomentose on veins; cauline sessile or petiolate; distal reduced in size and lobing, often entire. <b>Heads</b> (6–12 in nodding clusters) in broad, paniculiform to corymbiform arrays (often widely branching and subdichotomous, at least some branches elongate). <b>Calyculi</b> of 8–10, green to purple, triangular to subulate bractlets 1–4 mm, often tomentulose to setose. <b>Involucres</b> cylindric (often attenuate basally to bracteate peduncles), 12–15 × 4–5 mm. <b>Phyllaries</b> (7–)8–(10), green or often purple, narrowly lanceolate to elliptic, 10–13 mm, sparsely hispid to appressed, coarsely setose, often reduced to single coarse, appressed seta (setae green or tan). <b>Florets</b> (8–)10–14(–19); corollas usually yellow to pale yellow, 9–15 mm. <b>Cypselae</b> golden brown to light tan, subcylindric, subterete or angled, 5–8 mm, indistinctly 8–10-ribbed; pappi tan, 7–8 mm. <b>2n</b> = 16.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering Aug–Oct.
|habitat=Oak-hickory woodlands, borders, oak flats, pine woods, sandy areas
|elevation=100–1700 m
|distribution=Ala.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ky.;Md.;Mass.;Miss.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Va.;W.Va.
|discussion=<p><i>Prenanthes serpentaria</i> is generally recognized by its large, deeply 3–5-lobed proximal leaves with rounded sinuses and lobes, winged petioles, attenuate involucres, sparsely setose phyllaries, and yellow corollas. The leaves are variable in size and lobing, often on the same plant. Some specimens have predominantly ovate to elliptic, unlobed leaves, and these have been variously recognized. Some specimens appear to combine characteristics of <i>P. crepidinea</i> or <i>P. trifoliolata</i> and may be the result of recent or ancient hybridization. The species boundaries in this group merit further study.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

--><!--

-->{{#Taxon:
name=Prenanthes serpentaria
|authority=Pursh
|rank=species
|parent rank=genus
|synonyms=Nabalus fraseri;Nabalus integrifolius;Nabalus serpentarius;Prenanthes integrifolia
|basionyms=
|family=Asteraceae
|phenology=Flowering Aug–Oct.
|habitat=Oak-hickory woodlands, borders, oak flats, pine woods, sandy areas
|elevation=100–1700 m
|distribution=Ala.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Ky.;Md.;Mass.;Miss.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Va.;W.Va.
|reference=None
|publication title=Fl. Amer. Sept.
|publication year=1813
|special status=Illustrated;Endemic
|source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V19-20-21/V19_371.xml
|tribe=Asteraceae tribe Cichorieae
|genus=Prenanthes
|species=Prenanthes serpentaria
}}<!--

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