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flowers. Anderson, W. R. 2004. Malpighiaceae. In: N. P. Smith et al., eds. 2004. Flowering Plants of the Neotropics. Princeton. Pp. 229–232. Anderson, W. R.

speciesLeptohymenium sharpii (H. A. Crum & L. E. Anderson) W. R. Buck & H. A. Crum Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 17: 64. 1990. Joseph R. Rohrer EndemicIllustrated Basionym:

Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 318. 1840. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Loran C. Anderson, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Common names: Goldenbush Etymology:

tepals (ca. 7–10) and stigma lobes (ca. 3). Anderson, E. F. 2001. The Cactus Family. Portland. Barthlott, W. and D. R. Hunt. 1993. Cactaceae. In: K. Kubitzki

speciesCottsia gracilis (A. Gray) W. R. Anderson & C. Davis Contr. Univ. Michigan Herb. 25: 163. 2007. William R. Anderson† Illustrated Basionym: Janusia

Arnoglossum. Kral, R. and R. K. Godfrey. 1958. Synopsis of the Florida species of Cacalia. Quart. J. Florida Acad. Sci. 21: 193–206. Pippen, R. W. 1978. Cacalia

90(2): 5--6. Stuckey, R. L. 1994. Map of the known distribution of Butomus (flowering- rush) in North America. In: W. R. Burk and R. L. Stuckey. 1994. Ronald

Picradenia (Hooker) Cockerell (Bierner 2001). J. L. Anderson et al. (1996) and M. W. Bierner and R. K. Jansen (1998) provided evidence that Hymenoxys helenioides

speciesBryocrumia vivicolor (Brotherus & Dixon) W. R. Buck Mem. New York Bot. Gard. 45: 522. 1987. William R. Buck Illustrated Basionym: Taxithelium vivicolor Brotherus

L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 1: 591. 1824. (as Heteropteris) William R. Anderson† IntroducedIllustrated Basionym: Banisteria brachiata Linnaeus Sp. Pl

2004). The present treatment is based partly on that by L. C. Anderson (1986). Anderson, L. C., and P. S. Weberg. 1974. The anatomy and taxonomy of Vanclevea

Astereae genusCuniculotinus Show Lower Taxa Cuniculotinus gramineus Urbatsch, R. P. Roberts & Neubig Sida 21: 1618. 2005. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Roland P. Roberts

dactylon (L.) Pers. Crop Sci. (Madison) 9:774-778 Harlan, J.R., J.M.J, de Wet, W.W. Huffine, and J.R. Deakin. 1970. A guide to the species of Cynodon (Gramineae)

Genus 176. Glyceria R. Br. Pp. 356-365 in R.Yu. Rozhevits [R.J. Roshevitz] and B.K. Shishkin [Schischkin] (eds.). Flora of the U.S.S.R., vol. 2, trans. N

from the southern tip of Texas. Cruden, R. W. and R. McVaugh. 1989. Echeandia. In: R. McVaugh and W. R. Anderson, eds. 1974+. Flora Novo-Galiciana: A Descriptive

fewer, and the trabeculae very distinct and faintly wavy at 35X. R. McVaugh and W. R. Anderson (1974+, vol. 13) mentioned possible intermediates with E. acicularis

Bot. 17: 511–531. Morgan, D. R. 1997. Reticulate evolution in Machaeranthera (Asteraceae). Syst. Bot. 22: 599–615. Morgan, D. R. 2003. nrDNA external transcribed

Fruct. Sem. Pl. 2: 169, plate 116, fig. 4. 1790. name conserved William R. Anderson† Introduced Etymology: Greek hiptamai, to fly, alluding to wind-dispersed

swamps to precariously open roadside depressions (R. K. Godfrey [1979]; R. Kral 1983; S. W. Leonard and W. W. Baker 1983; D. A. Wood 1996). It has distinctive

Chrysothamnus in a broad sense (L. C. Anderson 1963; G. L. Nesom 2000). When effecting its transfer to Petradoria, Anderson gave it the new name P. discoidea

applied to specimens of W. controversa from the flora area include Hymenostomum tortile (Schwägrichen) Bruch & Schimper; W. euteiches R. H. Zander, superfluous

Chlorideae (Gramineae). Austral. J. Bot. (supp. 5):1-51 Pohl, R.W. and G. Davidse. 1994. Enteropogon Nees. R 289 in G. Davidse, M. Sousa S., and A.O. Chater (eds

taxonomically difficult. Discussions of Fabronia by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) and W. R. Buck (1994b) are enlightening with respect to taxonomic problems

Smith Merrill Basionym: Polytrichum papillatum (G. L. Smith) L. E. Anderson H. A. Crum & W. R. Buck Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 128

occidentalis var. scopulorum evidently was defined more broadly by W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins (1980), so the distribution I have shown for New Mexico

Syst. Bot. Mongr. 2: 1–85. Tucker, G. C. and R. McVaugh. 1993. Cyperus. In: R. McVaugh and W. R. Anderson, eds. 1974+. Flora Novo-Galiciana: A Descriptive

relatively few are unequivocally distinct. Kiger, R. W. 2001. Xylosma. In: R. McVaugh and W. R. Anderson, eds. 1974+. Flora Novo-Galiciana: A Descriptive

species treatments that follow. Anderson, E. 1936. The species problem in Iris. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 23: 457–509. Dykes, W. R. 1913. The Genus Iris. Cambridge

related to Neolloydia. Anderson, E. F. 1986. A revision of the genus Neolloydia B. & R. (Cactaceae). Bradleya 4: 1–28. Glass, C. and R. A. Foster. 1975. The

1910,. Rodney D. Seppelt, Robert R. Ireland Jr., Harold Robinson Synonyms: Ditrichum henryi H. A. Crum & L. E. Anderson Treatment appears in FNA Volume

fresh to brackish water. Anderson, L.C. and D.W. Hall. 1993. Luziola bahiensis (Poaceae): New to Florida. Sida 15:619-622 Pohl, R.W. and G. Davidse. 2001

Brinker, R. 1942. Monograph of Schoenocaulon. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 29: 287–309. Frame, D. 1989. Schoenocaulon. In: R. McVaugh and W. R. Anderson. 1974+

Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 50: 1–17, 139–193. McVaugh, R. 1993. Cladium. In: R. Vaugh and W. R. Anderson, eds. 1974+. Flora Novo-Galiciana: A Descriptive Account

Kans. Pp. 1046--1049. Brown, M. L. and R. G. Brown. 1984. Herbaceous Plants of Maryland. College Park, Md. Celarier, R. P. 1956. A new species of Tradescantia

Mich., Miss., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis. The records from the northern parts of the range of

varietyParonychia chartacea var. minima (L. C. Anderson) R. L. Hartman Sida 21: 754. 2004. Ronald L. Hartman, John W. Thieret, Richard K. Rabeler EndemicConservation

Grout 1928–1940, vol. 1, part 1; H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981) but throughout the world (R. D. Seppelt 1982; A. A. Frisvoll 1985). While many workers

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyEncalyptaceae genusEncalypta speciesEncalypta affinis R. Hedwig in F. Weber and D. M. H. Mohr, Beitr. Naturk. 1: 121. 1805,. Robert

McVaugh, R. 1983. Flora Novo-Galiciana: A Descriptive Account of the Vascular Plants of Western Mexico, vol. 14. Gramineae (series ed. W.R. Anderson). University

speciesDitrichum pallidum (Hedwig) Hampe Flora 50: 182. 1867,. Rodney D. Seppelt, Robert R. Ireland Jr., Harold Robinson Basionym: Trichostomum pallidum Hedwig Sp. Musc

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyHedwigiaceae genusHedwigia speciesHedwigia detonsa (M. Howe) W. R. Buck & D. H. Norris Nova Hedwigia 62: 368. 1996. Patricia M. Eckel EndemicIllustrated

D. Benson Cereus robinii var. keyensis (Britton & Rose) L. D. Bens on ex R. W. Long & Lakela Pilosocereus deeringii Pilosocereus keyensis Pilosocereus

populations and dynamics. Anderson, E. and T. W. Whitaker. 1934. Speciation in Uvularia. J. Arnold Arbor. 15: 28–42. Dietz, R. A. 1952. Variation in the

Australia. 466 pp. Clayton, W.D., S.M. Phillips, and S.A. Renvoize. 1974. Flora of Tropical East Africa. Gramineae (Part 2) (ed. R.M. Pohill). Whitefriars

Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Del., Vt., Oreg., Wis., W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Fla., Wyo., D.C, Miss., Ohio, Va., N.Mex., Tex

revolvens var. intermedius (Lindberg) L. R. Wilson Limprichtia cossonii (Schimper) L. E. Anderson, H. A. Crum & W. R. Buck Treatment appears in FNA Volume

Acanthocereus needs critical taxonomic study. E. F. Anderson (2001) followed W. Barthlott and D. R. Hunt (1993) in recognizing six species; other accounts

polycarpon in North America; for example, in the most recent Canadian checklist (R. R. Ireland et al. 1987), of 10 provincial reports only that for the Northwest

Mountains are highly doubtful (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981). Some authors (D. H. Norris and J. R. Shevock 2004) refer all material of Antitrichia curtipendula

Cyperus speciesCyperus pallidicolor (Kükenthal) G. C. Tucker in R. McVaugh & W. R. Anderson, Fl. Novo-Galiciana 13: 324. 1993. Gordon C. Tucker*, Brian G

La., Miss., Mo., N.C., Ohio., S.C., Tenn., Va., W.Va. Two varieties are recognized by E. Anderson and R. E. Woodson Jr. (1935): Tradescantia subaspera var

Pojarkova Bot. Mater. Gerb. Bot. Inst. Komarova Akad. Nauk S.S.S.R. 20: 381. 1960. Loran C. Anderson IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Cacalia suaveolens Linnaeus Sp

bases of R. appalachianum and are usually, but not always, absent in R. magnifolium. Rhizomnium appalachianum is a generally larger plant than R. magnifolium

often treated as a separate species [D. H. Norris and J. R. Shevock (2004) and L. E. Anderson et al. (1990)], while E. Lawton (1967) treated it as a variety

Hunt, D. R. 1989. Notes on Selenicereus (A. Berger) Britton & Rose and Aporocactus Lemaire (Cactaceae/Hylocereinae). Bradleya 7: 89–96. Hunt, D. R. and N

to represent part of a reduction series in the genus Cynodontium. Ireland, R. R. 1994c. Cynodontium. In: A. J. Sharp et al., eds. The moss flora of Mexico

botanist of Swiss origin who studied under Linnaeus. Gibbs Russell, G.E. and R.P. Ellis. 1987. Species groups in the genus Ehrharta (Poaceae) in southern

that of S. Flowers (1973). W. A. Weber (pers. comm.) noted that O. diminutivum (Grout) H. A. Crum, Steere & L. E. Anderson (Holmgrenia diminutiva Grout)

m elegans (Bridel) Z. Iwatsuki J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 63: 449. 1987. Robert R. Ireland Jr. Illustrated Basionym: Isothecium elegans Bridel Bryol. Univ. 2:

distichaceum (Mitten) Z. Iwatsuki J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 63: 449. 1987. Robert R. Ireland Jr. Illustrated Basionym: Stereodon distichaceus Mitten J. Proc. Linn

Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tex., W.Va. The chromosome number of Pleuridium ravenelii is n = 13 (North Carolina, H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981). The species

McVaugh, R. 1983. Flora Novo-Galiciana: A Descriptive Account of the Vascular Plants of Western Mexico, vol. 14: Gramineae (series ed. W.R. Anderson). University

elevations Generated Map Legacy Map Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Conn., Ga

States because of confusion with C. tenellum, and here follows W. C. Steere (1978) and R. R. Ireland et al. (1987). See G. S. Mogensen (1980) for clarification

one locality in Alaska. W. A. Weber (pers. comm. to R. R. Ireland) suggested that O. diminutivum (Grout) H. A. Crum & L. E. Anderson, described from Colorado

E. Anderson (1981), R. K. Lampton (1970), B. D. Mahler and W. F. Mahler (1980), J. A. McCleary and P. L. Redfearn Jr. (1979), D. H. Norris and J. R. Shevock

has been suggested to be ancestrally related to the genus Quaesticula R. H. Zander (R. H. Zander 1993) through reduction of gametophyte characters and elaboration

is now recognized as restricted to southern Mexico (W. Barthlott and D. R. Hunt 1993; E. F. Anderson 2001), although generic boundaries continue to be the

but H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) questioned the report, suggesting a confusion of specimens by Moxley (as reviewed by W. R. Manierre 1998). The region

genusGrimmia subgenusGrimmia subg. Litoneuron speciesGrimmia olneyi Sullivant in W. S. Sullivant and C. L. Lesquereux, Musc. Bor.-Amer., 141. 1857,. Roxanne I

McVaugh, R. 1983. Flora Novo-Galiciana: A Descriptive Account of the Vascular Plants of Western Mexico, vol. 14: Gramineae (series ed. W.R. Anderson). University

found possible natural hybrids in Ontario between W. controversa and W. muehlenbergiana, which differed from W. phascopsis by the large number of abortive spores

parasitica (Murrill) M. E. Barr [=Endothia parasitica (Murrill) P. J. Anderson & H. W. Anderson]. While chestnuts persist in many localities, the plants are mostly

Watson) de Vries O. hookeri subsp. angustifolia (R. R. Gates) Munz O. hookeri var. angustifolia R. R. Gates O. hookeri subsp. grisea (Bartlett) Munz O

used in the preparation of a heart tonic similar to digitalis (E. F. Anderson 2001). D. R. Hunt (1989) discussed problems with the typification of Selenicereus

is referable to D. inclinatum (redetermined by G. R. Brassard according to H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981). In the southern part of the European range

species or at least what is known as that species. It has been noted before (R. R. Ireland 1982) that it may be merely an enviromental form growing in a calcareous

brevifolia is reported to intergrade with P. sparsiflora in Mexico (R. McVaugh and W. R. Anderson. 1974+, vol. 16, pp. 254–256), yet the latter species probably

Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Eurasia, introduced also in temperate

Minn., Miss., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis., Eurasia, Atlantic Islands (Canary Islands, Madeira)

Mo., Mont., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Europe, Asia, Africa. The usually 1-stratose

Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum var. dentatum (Schimper) H. A. Crum, Steere & L. E. Anderson Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum var. latinervium (Holmen) B. M. Murray

elongatum Schwägrichen Sp. Musc. Frond. Suppl. 1(1): 171, plate 43. 1811,. Robert R. Ireland Jr. Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 415. Mentioned

another species (R. McVaugh and W. R. Anderson 1974+, vol. 16), and the record for Belize may also be a misdetermination (P. M. Catling and V. R. Catling 1988)

distinct from R. squarrosus; American bryologists have held to the traditional concept of a broadly circumscribed R. squarrosus that includes R. subpinnatus

Mich., Minn., Mo., N.H., N.Y., R.I., S.Dak., Wis., Eurasia. A. J. Grout (1928–1940, vol. 3) and H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) expressed some doubts

A.] Bally, A. W, C. R. Scotese, and M. I. Ross. 1989. North America; plate tectonic setting and tectonic elements. In: A. W. Bally and R. A. Palmer, eds

the International Cactaceae Systematics Group (D. R. Hunt and N. P. Taylor 1986, 1990; E. A. Anderson 2001) broadened the definition of Pachycereus to include

rappii. However, R. S. Breen (1963) found this character to be unstable, sometimes varying along a single stem; H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) agreed

Bridel Desmatodon latifolius var. muticus (Bridel) Bridel Tortula eucalyptrata R. H. Zander Tortula euryphylla Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment

, N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.D., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Mexico, West Indies, Central America

N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo., Mexico, Central America, South

mostly confined to the proximal third of the leaf (R. H. Zander 1967). Shaw, A. J. and L. E. Anderson. 1988. Factors affecting the distribution and abundance

Mont., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Europe

characteristic of the centers of such bogs (N.L. Christensen et al. 1981; R.R. Sharitz and J.W. Gibbons 1982). These peatlands typically have a dense impenetrable

at 2000 m (Boulder County, Bear Mt., W. A. Weber & R. C. Wittmann B-112127, COLO). H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) noticed that, unlike in Europe

grew native and introduced plants for food (R.J. Hebda and R.W. Mathewes 1984; P.A. Delcourt et al. 1986; H.R. Delcourt 1987; J.H. McAndrews 1988). In this

in Quercus (J.M. Tucker 1952; M. K. Cooperrider 1957; W.B. Brophy and D.R. Parnell 1974; R.J. Jensen and W.H. Eshbaugh 1976; V.Grant 1981). Quercus is particularly

Canadian flora by R. R. Ireland et al. (1987), it does appear in the most recent checklist of North American mosses (L. E. Anderson et al. 1990). The species

systematists trying to understand eighteenth-century taxonomy, but that by W.Blunt and W. T. Stearn (1971) is most informative on Linnaeus. B.Henrey's (1975)