ribbed (ribs ribbonlike or pectinate). x = 8. North America, Mexico, South America, Eurasia, mostly north-temperate, arctic, and alpine regions. Species
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in 1(–3) series. x = 8, 7, 5, 13, 18, 21. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, e Eurasia, introduced in Europe. Species ca
57 KB (1,333 words) - 20:35, 6 November 2020
of stem not bulbous; w North America. Ranunculus uncinatus 3 Receptacle hispid; base of stem bulbous, cormlike; e North America. Ranunculus recurvatus
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in Northern Hemisphere, especially North America, Europe, and central and northern Asia, sporadic in South America and northern Africa. Species ca. 220
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shorter than corollas except in C. foliosum and C. arvense). x = 17. North America, Eurasia, n Africa. Species ca. 200 (62 in the flora). Only three genera
56 KB (1,993 words) - 20:52, 5 November 2020
each with glandular hairs around apices in R. heliopsidis). x = 19. e North America. Species 9 (9 in the flora). None. Rudbeckia fulgida, Rudbeckia graminifolia
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Treatment on page 356. Mentioned on page 332, 335. e North America Generated Map Legacy Map e North America, Asia (China, Japan). Subspecies 2 (1 in the flora)
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dispersed ballistically and by ants. x = 5, 6, 7, 8. North America, (including Mexico), Central America (Guatemala), Asia, adventive in Europe and New Zealand
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midnerve pronounced, never 3-nerved, not anise scented when crushed e North America. Species 5 (5 in the flora). None. Solidago delicatula, Solidago fistulosa
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x =12. Widespread in north temperate and north tropical (mountainous) regions, North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Eurasia (including 1
26 KB (1,313 words) - 21:22, 5 November 2020
Pappus bristles usually in 2 series (inner usually moderately clavate). e North America. Species 9 (9 in the flora). None. Solidago (sect. Solidago) ser. Argutae
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cylindric, smooth, slightly ridged, verrucose, or densely scaly. x = 8. North America and Eurasia. Species 12 (6 in the flora). Cimicifuga may be divided into
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remnants of sepals; mesocarp juicy, acidic. c, e North America, Mexico, Central America (Costa Rica, Panama), e Asia. Species ca. 13 (5 in the flora). Plant
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glabrous or hairy; blade monomorphic (dimorphic in E. curtisii, E. exserta, E. ipecacuanhae, and E. mercurialina), base symmetric, margins entire [rarely
11 KB (421 words) - 20:15, 5 November 2020
(F. H. Utech et al. 1995; C. E. Wood Jr. 1970). Jones, Q. 1951. A cytotaxonomic study of the genus Disporum in North America. Contr. Gray Herb. 173: 1–39
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vom naturwissenschaftlichen Vereine zu Bremen 4: 406. 1875. Ralph E. Brooks*, Steven E. Clemants* Synonyms: Juncus sect. Poiophylli (Buchenau) Vierhapper
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The segregates of Senecio, s.l., and Cacalia, s.l., in the flora of North America North of Mexico. Sida 18: 661–672. Jeffrey, C. 1980. Generic and sectional
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green-tipped, with strawberry or pineapple scent. x = 11. Temperate North America. Species 3 (2 in the flora). None. Calycanthus floridus, Calycanthus
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integument expanded and sticky when wet. c, e North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Africa, se Asia, India, n Australia, pantropical
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smooth) bristles. x = 14. Temperate and arctic/alpine regions, North America, Mexico, South America, Eurasia. Species 45 (34 in the flora). Some species of Antennaria
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straight; endosperm oily, well differentiated. e North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, e Asia, Atlantic Islands (Madeira). Clethraceae
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moderately clavate). e North America (shaded woods and thickets, eastern deciduous forests). Species 8 (8 in the flora). Cook, R. E. 2002. A Biosystematic
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Detailed investigation may show that the other varieties, from eastern North America, represent broadly intergrading forms that should be subsumed under var
5 KB (445 words) - 16:14, 24 May 2023
parviflora). x = 7. North America, Mexico. Species ca. 37 (32 in the flora). Heuchera, the largest herbaceous genus exclusively in North America and Mexico in
21 KB (1,465 words) - 23:41, 5 November 2020
shorter than exostome teeth, rarely rudimentary. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, Eurasia, Africa, Atlantic Islands, Pacific
5 KB (309 words) - 22:38, 5 November 2020
pyriform; embryo oriented longitudinally. x = 14. North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, Eurasia, Africa, Atlantic Islands. Species 29 (7
9 KB (816 words) - 20:15, 5 November 2020
2: 1–59. Vitt, D. H. 1973. A revision of the genus Orthotrichum in North America, north of Mexico. Bryophyt. Biblioth. 1: 1–108. Orthotrichum affine, Orthotrichum
20 KB (498 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
flattened, slightly winged; testa thin. x = 8. s, e North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, e Asia, Atlantic Islands (Madeira). Species ca.
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glabrous or strigillose (at least distally) Generated Map Legacy Map e North America. Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). None. Solidago arguta var. harrisii window
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inner usually weakly, if at all clavate, rarely moderately so). North America, South America, introduced in Eurasia. Species ca. 16 (11 in the flora). Subsection
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complex of western North America clearly constitute a group, but it is unclear whether the western E. conspicua or the eastern E. radula and E. saxicastelli
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winter. Pedicels absent. Drupes distinct; stone apex dimpled to rounded. North America, Mexico. Species 2 (2 in the flora). None. Cornus florida, Cornus nuttallii
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2 or 3 faces. x = 7. Temperate North America, e Asia. Species 5 (4 in the flora). Eastern and western Native Americans used Clintonia as an eye and heart
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Enemion in the flora, with the exception of E. biternatum, are localized endemics of western North America from British Columbia to California. Drummond
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only midnerve prominent, never 3-nerved, anise scented when crushed e North America, Mexico. Species 1 None. Solidago odora window.propertiesFromHigher
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593. Mentioned on page 592, 594. e North America, Mexico, Central America. Subspecies 2 (1 in the flora). Medley, M. E. 1979. Some Aspects of the Life History
2 KB (140 words) - 22:12, 5 November 2020
S.E. Fl., 336. 1933 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Rhizomes heterogeneous, thin, creeping. Capsules sharply 3-cornered. Seeds smooth. e North America
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caducous. Pedicels present. Drupes distinct; stone apex with cavity. e North America, e Asia. Species 2 (1 in the flora). Cornus controversa Hemsley is widespread
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testa stony, papillose (smooth in G. ursina). x = 12. e North America, South America (c, n Andes, e, se Brazil). Decachaena (Torrey & A. Gray) Lindley; Lasiococcus
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conspecific, are C. rufina and C. eleusinoides in North America and C. hermannii in Central America. The South American-Australasian C. decidua is also very similar
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groove absent, 0.4–0.5 mm, densely tuberculate or strongly pebbled (e North America). Phenology: Flowering early–late summer. Habitat: Dryish sites, waste
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sclerified awns plus (0–)7–12 shorter bristles or scales in 1 series. x = 9. North America. Species 5 (5 in the flora). Morgan, J. T. 1966. A Taxonomic Study of
5 KB (309 words) - 21:05, 5 November 2020
18–50 straw-colored, barbellate, apically attenuate bristles. x = 9. e, w North America. Species 5 (5 in the flora). Ionactis has often been included within
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Eutrochium are available but treated as taxa under Eupatorium (E. E. Lamont 1995). Lamont, E. E. 1995. Taxonomy of Eupatorium section Verticillata (Asteraceae)
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connate or distinct; stigmas ± broadly capitate. Seeds ± carinate. e North America, ne, e Asia. Species 2 (1 in the flora). The other species in the section
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acuminate, glabrous or pilose. ray florets 4–12 Generated Map Legacy Map e North America. Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). None. Solidago rugosa var. celtidifolia
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locule, free, raphe an inconspicuous, longitudinal ridge. 2n = 16. c, e North America. Species 4 (4 in the flora). Species of sect. Ludwigia are found mainly
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thickets, marshy shores, frequently in water, mostly on coastal plain of e North America Elevation: 0-300 Generated Map Legacy Map Ala., Ark., Del., Fla., Ga
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(pyrenes) 3–5, planoconvex, not winged, not tailed; testa smooth. x = 13. e North America, sw Europe, Atlantic Islands (Azores). Tuckermania Klotzsch Species
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black, irregularly ellipsoid or angled, wings absent. sw, e North America, Mexico, Central America. Species 3 (2 in the flora). Five species have been described
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testa smooth. x = 11, 12, 13. North America, Mexico, West Indies (Hispaniola, Windward Islands), Central America, South America, e Asia, Pacific Islands (New
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cytotaxonomic basis (e.g., Anemonastrum, Anemonidium, Anemonoides, and Jurtsevia) are reduced to synonymy here. Some North American species of Anemone are
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yellowish brown or brown, narrowly ellipsoid, wings absent. x = 14. c, e North America, e Asia. Species 1. The name lopseed alludes to the fruit appearing to
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hummingbirds in North America. Phylogenetic analysis (M. W. Skinner 1988) suggests that the original pendent lilies to colonize North America were butterfly-pollinated
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triseriale, North American Polypodium is a complex assemblage of interactive species. The North American species have ties to European taxa (e.g., P. vulgare
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flora area. Although no extralimital species of Taxus is naturalized in North America, spontaneous, immature (sapling) exotic yews have been noted in a very
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short and stiff hairy. ray florets 5–8(–10) Generated Map Legacy Map e North America. Varieties 3 (3 in the flora). None. Solidago rugosa var. aspera window
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peristome xerocastique, perfect. Calyptra naked. Spores 12–16 µm]. e North America, Mexico, e Asia, Pacific Islands (Hawaii). Species 4 (2 in the flora). There
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subtropics, mostly of North America, South America, and South Africa; they extend as well into temperate regions of North America, Europe, and Asia. The
21 KB (920 words) - 20:17, 5 November 2020
tip. Spores finely papillose, appearing smooth. North America, West Indies, Central America, South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia. Species ca.
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12, except for the white-flowered species of eastern North America, E. albidum, E. mesochoreum, and E. propullans, which have x = 11. Both diploid and tetraploid
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Tiarella cordifolia is known from eastern North America and T. trifoliata is known from western North America. Tiarella polyphylla D. Don occurs in Asia
4 KB (434 words) - 23:42, 5 November 2020
riblike. Seeds 0–42[–203]. c, e North America, Mexico, West Indies (Dominican Republic), Central America, South America. Species 11 (1 in the flora). Philbrick
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style deciduous. Primarily temperate, some tropical and subtropical, North America, e Asia, Australia. Species ca. 20 (2 in the flora). None. Carex amplifolia
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alveolae formed by collapse of minute bulbous cells. x = 22. North America, n Mexico, e Asia (Russian Far East). Primula Linnaeus sect. Dodecatheon (Linnaeus)
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capsule, black, glossy, bony, not winged. x = 12. Temperate regions, e North America, e Asia. Species 4 (2 in the flora). In Hamamelis, the explosively dehiscent
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Wild Violets of North America. Berkeley and Los Angeles. Ballard, H. E. 1992. Systematics of Viola Section Viola in North America North of Mexico. M.S.
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ends, oblong-cylindric, striate or lightly wrinkled, lustrous. x = 7. e North America, e Asia (Japan and China into the Himalayas and southwards to New Guinea)
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reddish brown, ellipsoid, ovoid, or spheroid, smooth. x = 11. North America, s South America, Eurasia. Species ca. 60 (6 in the flora). A wide range of chromosome
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ellipsoid to lanceoloid, flat, angled to winged. x = 8, 10. North America (including Mexico), e Asia. Species 4 (2 in the flora). The species of Stenanthium
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in Philadelphus, which is restricted to southeastern North America and southwestern North America into northern Mexico; species five (P. microphyllus)
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Polygonatum in North America. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 117–126. Ownbey, R. P. 1944. The liliaceous genus Polygonatum in North America. Ann. Missouri
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verrucose; shells thin or thick. Seeds sweet or bitter. x = 16. e North America, Mexico, e Asia. Species 18 (11 in the flora). Carya was widespread during
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J. D. and E. M. Paulton. 1981. Dryopteris in North America. Fiddlehead Forum 8: 25--31. Montgomery, J. D. 1982. Dryopteris in North America. Part II. The
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and 18 varieties of Cardamine in North America minus Greenland. Of these, 14 species are restricted to Central America and one, C. ×incisa (Eames) K. Schumann
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Buck Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. This key to the genera of North American mosses is intended to complement not replace the keys to genera included
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subtended by a calyxlike structure in E. floridana, E. inundata, E. mesembrianthemifolia, E. porteriana, E. rosescens, and E. telephioides); petals 0; nectary
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South America, with migration to North America at least by the Oligocene, possibly as early as the late Eocene. More recently, M. S. Zavada and S. E. de
270 KB (5,940 words) - 20:46, 31 January 2022
are easily confused with each other are E. baldwinii, E. brittonii, E. microcarpa, E. nana, E. retroflexa, and E. vivipara. Aquatic forms of at least some
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regions of w North America (Alaska to Mexico), uncommon in South America (Argentina and Chile) and e North America (W.Va. s to c Fla., e to Mo., Okla.
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Rieseberg showed that most genera present in North America belong to a single monophyletic clade, called the North American clade. A series of subsequent studies
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dotted-blue (E. intermedia), Mojave dotted-blue (E. mojave), pallid dotted-blue (E. pallescens), Rita dotted-blue (E. rita), Spalding’s dotted-blue (E. spaldingi)
13 KB (1,373 words) - 21:23, 9 February 2021
eastern North American lineages based on multiple DNA sequences. Molec. Phylogen. Evol. 51: 157–168. Palmer, E. J. 1925. Synopsis of North American Crataegi
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straight, endosperm sparse. North America, Mexico, Central America, w South America (primarily Andean), s Asia (India), se Asia, e Africa, Indian Ocean Islands
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Eckenwalder, J. E. 1977. North American cottonwoods (Populus, Salicaceae) of sections Abaso and Aigeiros. J. Arnold Arbor. 58: 193–208. Eckenwalder, J. E. 1984.
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uses of Artemisia species native to North America, uses that included fertility rites (sagebrush in western North America) and antihelminthics (wormwoods of
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[Abstract.] http://www.botany2002.org/ Barkworth, M.E. and K.M. Capels. 2000. The Poaceae in North America: A geographic perspective. Pp. 327-346 in S.W.L
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not prominent, greenish. Berries globose. x = 8. North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, Europe, Asia, n Africa. Species ca. 160 (53 in the
23 KB (1,561 words) - 23:47, 5 November 2020
attenuate, inner bristles longest, weakly to strongly clavate). North America, South America, temperate Eurasia, introduced in tropical Asia. Species ca.
2 KB (240 words) - 21:01, 5 November 2020
447-458. Palmer, E. J. 1948. Hybrid oaks of North America. J. Arnold Arbor. 29: 1-48. Sargent, C. S. 1918. Notes on North American trees. I. Quercus.
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tetrancistra). x = 11. Tropical to temperate regions in North America, West Indies, Central America, South America, including Galápagos Islands, Africa, Madagascar
32 KB (1,968 words) - 20:34, 6 November 2020
Centers of diversity for Amaranthaceae are southwestern North America, Central America, South America, and Africa south of the Sahara Desert. Generic limits
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Taxonomy of American Atriplex. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 55: 199–210. Hall, H. M. and F. E. Clements. 1923. The phylogenetic method in taxonomy: The North American
42 KB (793 words) - 22:59, 5 November 2020
sepals and petals persisting. Seeds 1–60+ per fruit. North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, sw Asia (w Arabian Peninsula), Africa, Atlantic
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some members of the family do occur in neutral or alkaline soils in North America and elsewhere. Ericaceae are widely distributed in the Northern Hemisphere
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two such species, E. ciliaris and E. semicostatus. In addition, the treatment includes two hexaploid species, E. tsukusbiensis and E. dahuricus, that combine
40 KB (2,632 words) - 17:23, 11 May 2021
In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Vol. 22, pp. 81–158. Soltis, D. E. 1980. Karyotypic relationships among
24 KB (2,046 words) - 23:46, 5 November 2020
usually present, very rarely absent. North America, Mexico, West Indies (Hispaniola), Central America, South America, Eurasia, Africa, Pacific Islands, Australasia
8 KB (1,136 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
oblong-ovoid, or trapezoidal, shiny, wings absent. x = 12. North America, Mexico, Central America, South America, n Eurasia, introduced in West Indies, Pacific Islands
74 KB (2,673 words) - 15:17, 5 February 2024
bristles in 1 series. x = 9. w North America, n Mexico. Species 36 (34 in the flora). Two species, Ericameria juarezensis and E. martirensis, are known only
19 KB (930 words) - 21:05, 5 November 2020