familyBetulaceae
subfamilyBetulaceae subfam. Coryloideae
genusCarpinus
speciesCarpinus caroliniana
subspeciesCarpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana
Difference between revisions of "Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana"
Syst. Bot. 12: 429. 1987.
Common names: American hornbeam blue beech musclewood ironwood charme de Caroline bois de fer
EndemicIllustrated
Basionym: Carpinus betulus var. virginiana Marshall Arbust. Amer., 25. 1785 Carpinus virginiana 1893
Synonyms: Carpinus caroliniana var. virginiana (Marshall) Fernald
Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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| − | |basionyms={{Treatment/ID/ | + | |basionyms={{Treatment/ID/Basionym |
|name=Carpinus betulus var. virginiana | |name=Carpinus betulus var. virginiana | ||
|authority=Marshall | |authority=Marshall | ||
| − | }}{{Treatment/ID/ | + | |rank=variety |
| + | |publication_title=Arbust. Amer., | ||
| + | |publication_place=25. 1785 | ||
| + | }} {{Treatment/ID/Basionym | ||
|name=Carpinus virginiana | |name=Carpinus virginiana | ||
| − | |authority= | + | |authority= |
| + | |rank=species | ||
| + | |publication_title= | ||
| + | |publication_place=1893 | ||
}} | }} | ||
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | |synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym | ||
|name=Carpinus caroliniana var. virginiana | |name=Carpinus caroliniana var. virginiana | ||
|authority=(Marshall) Fernald | |authority=(Marshall) Fernald | ||
| + | |rank=variety | ||
}} | }} | ||
|hierarchy=Betulaceae;Betulaceae subfam. Coryloideae;Carpinus;Carpinus caroliniana;Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana | |hierarchy=Betulaceae;Betulaceae subfam. Coryloideae;Carpinus;Carpinus caroliniana;Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana | ||
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| − | --><span class="statement" id="st- | + | --><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Trees,</b> to 12 m; trunks short, crooked, shallowly to deeply and often irregularly fluted, crowns broadly spreading. <b>Bark</b> bluish gray, smooth to somewhat roughened. <b>Leaf</b> blade ovate or elliptic to narrowly elliptic, (6–)8–12 × 3.5–6 cm, base narrowly rounded to cordate, margins coarsely and unevenly doubly serrate, teeth sharp and slender, secondary teeth almost as large as primary teeth, apex usually abruptly nearly caudate, but sometimes long, gradually tapered; surfaces abaxially usually moderately pubescent, especially on major veins, covered with numerous tiny, dark brown glands. <b>Inflorescences</b>: staminate inflorescences 2–6 cm; pistillate inflorescences 1–3 cm. <b>Infructescences</b> 4.5–12 cm; bracts 2.5–3.5 × 1.5–2.8 cm, lobes narrowly triangular, sharp-tipped. <b>2n</b> = 16.</span><!-- |
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|elevation=0–300 m | |elevation=0–300 m | ||
|distribution=Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis. | |distribution=Ont.;Que.;Ala.;Ark.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Ga.;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Ky.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Y.;N.C.;Ohio;Okla.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;Tenn.;Vt.;Va.;W.Va.;Wis. | ||
| − | |discussion=<p>Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana is the familiar hornbeam of the Appalachians and interior forested northeastern North America. The leaves are distinctive in that they bear scattered dark glands on the abaxial surface. This subspecies hybridizes and intergrades with subsp. caroliniana where their ranges overlap in a broad band running from the Carolinas south to northern Georgia and westward to Missouri, Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma (J. J. Furlow 1987).</p> | + | |discussion=<p><i>Carpinus caroliniana </i>subsp.<i> virginiana</i> is the familiar hornbeam of the Appalachians and interior forested northeastern North America. The leaves are distinctive in that they bear scattered dark glands on the abaxial surface. This subspecies hybridizes and intergrades with <i></i>subsp.<i> caroliniana</i> where their ranges overlap in a broad band running from the Carolinas south to northern Georgia and westward to Missouri, Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma (J. J. Furlow 1987).</p> |
|tables= | |tables= | ||
|references= | |references= | ||
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name=Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana | name=Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana | ||
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|authority=(Marshall) Furlow | |authority=(Marshall) Furlow | ||
|rank=subspecies | |rank=subspecies | ||
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|publication title=Syst. Bot. | |publication title=Syst. Bot. | ||
|publication year=1987 | |publication year=1987 | ||
| − | |special status=Endemic; | + | |special status=Endemic;Illustrated |
| − | |source xml=https:// | + | |source xml=https://bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation/src/2e0870ddd59836b60bcf96646a41e87ea5a5943a/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V3/V3_707.xml |
|subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Coryloideae | |subfamily=Betulaceae subfam. Coryloideae | ||
|genus=Carpinus | |genus=Carpinus | ||
|species=Carpinus caroliniana | |species=Carpinus caroliniana | ||
|subspecies=Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana | |subspecies=Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana | ||
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Latest revision as of 22:50, 5 November 2020
Trees, to 12 m; trunks short, crooked, shallowly to deeply and often irregularly fluted, crowns broadly spreading. Bark bluish gray, smooth to somewhat roughened. Leaf blade ovate or elliptic to narrowly elliptic, (6–)8–12 × 3.5–6 cm, base narrowly rounded to cordate, margins coarsely and unevenly doubly serrate, teeth sharp and slender, secondary teeth almost as large as primary teeth, apex usually abruptly nearly caudate, but sometimes long, gradually tapered; surfaces abaxially usually moderately pubescent, especially on major veins, covered with numerous tiny, dark brown glands. Inflorescences: staminate inflorescences 2–6 cm; pistillate inflorescences 1–3 cm. Infructescences 4.5–12 cm; bracts 2.5–3.5 × 1.5–2.8 cm, lobes narrowly triangular, sharp-tipped. 2n = 16.
Phenology: Flowering late spring.
Habitat: In understory stratum in rich deciduous forest along stream banks, on flood plains, and on moist hillsides
Elevation: 0–300 m
Distribution
Ont., Que., Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis.
Discussion
Carpinus caroliniana subsp. virginiana is the familiar hornbeam of the Appalachians and interior forested northeastern North America. The leaves are distinctive in that they bear scattered dark glands on the abaxial surface. This subspecies hybridizes and intergrades with subsp. caroliniana where their ranges overlap in a broad band running from the Carolinas south to northern Georgia and westward to Missouri, Arkansas, and southeastern Oklahoma (J. J. Furlow 1987).
Selected References
None.
Lower Taxa
None.