View source for Juncus bufonius

{{Treatment/ID
|accepted_name=Juncus bufonius
|accepted_authority=Linnaeus
|publications={{Treatment/Publication
|title=Sp. Pl.
|place=1: 328. 1753
|year=1753
}}
|basionyms=
|synonyms={{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus bufonius var. congestus
|authority=(S. Watson) Fernald
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus bufonius var. halophilus
|authority=Buchenau & Fernald
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus bufonius var. hybridus
|authority=Farwell
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus bufonius var. occidentalis
|authority=F. J. Hermann
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus bufonius var. ranarius
|authority=Farwell
|rank=variety
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus congestus
|authority=
|rank=species
}} {{Treatment/ID/Synonym
|name=Juncus ranarius
|authority=
|rank=species
}}
|hierarchy=Juncaceae;Juncus;Juncus subg. Poiophylli;Juncus bufonius
|hierarchy_nav=<div class="higher-taxa"><div class="higher-taxon"><small>family</small>[[Juncaceae]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>genus</small>[[Juncus]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>subgenus</small>[[Juncus subg. Poiophylli]]</div><div class="higher-taxon"><small>species</small>[[Juncus bufonius]]</div></div>
|volume=Volume 22
|mention_page=
|treatment_page=
}}<!--

--><span class="statement" id="st-undefined" data-properties=""><b>Herbs,</b> annual, cespitose, 0.5–4 dm. <b>Culms</b> 1–many, occasionally becoming decumbent. <b>Cataphylls</b> 0–2. <b>Leaves</b> basal and cauline; auricles rudimentary or absent; blade flat, 3–13 cm × 0.3–1.1 mm. <b>Inflorescences</b> loose and diffuse or less often compact, usually at least ½1/2 total height of plant; primary bract shorter than inflorescence. <b>Flowers</b>: bracteoles 2; tepals greenish, lanceolate, 3.8–7(–8.5) mm; inner series slightly shorter, apex sometimes obtuse; stamens 3–6, filaments (0.7–)1–1.8 mm, anthers 0.3–0.8 mm; style 0.1–0.2 mm. <b>Capsules</b> tan to reddish brown, 3-locular, ellipsoid to narrowly so, slightly truncate, 2.7–4 × 1–1.5 mm, sometimes exceeding inner tepals but usually not outer series. <b>Seeds</b> yellowish, widely ellipsoid to ovoid, 0.26–0.49, not tailed. <b>2n</b> = 27–37, 58–81, 108–115.</span><!--

-->{{Treatment/Body
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall.
|habitat=Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy
|distribution=Greenland;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;nearly worldwide.
|discussion=<p>Nearly worldwide, <i>Juncus bufonius</i> is found essentially throughout North America except north of the Alaskan and Canadian tTaiga. <i>Juncus bufonius</i> is a highly polymorphic complex that is poorly understood systematically. Insufficient evidence exists upon which to base the segregation of the plethora of taxa that have been recognized out of this group in the past.</p>
|tables=
|references=
}}<!--

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-->{{#Taxon:
name=Juncus bufonius
|authority=Linnaeus
|rank=species
|parent rank=subgenus
|synonyms=Juncus bufonius var. congestus;Juncus bufonius var. halophilus;Juncus bufonius var. hybridus;Juncus bufonius var. occidentalis;Juncus bufonius var. ranarius;Juncus congestus;Juncus ranarius
|basionyms=
|family=Juncaceae
|phenology=Flowering and fruiting spring–early fall.
|habitat=Moist soils in meadows, along lakeshores or stream banks, ditches, or roadsides, especially frequent in drawdown areas, usually in open sites and often becoming weedy
|distribution=Greenland;Alta.;B.C.;Man.;N.B.;Nfld. and Labr.;N.W.T.;N.S.;Ont.;P.E.I.;Que.;Sask.;Yukon;Ala.;Alaska;Ariz.;Ark.;Calif.;Colo.;Conn.;Del.;D.C.;Fla.;Ga.;Idaho;Ill.;Ind.;Iowa;Kans.;Ky.;La.;Maine;Md.;Mass.;Mich.;Minn.;Miss.;Mo.;Mont.;Nebr.;Nev.;N.H.;N.J.;N.Mex.;N.Y.;N.C.;N.Dak.;Ohio;Okla.;Oreg.;Pa.;R.I.;S.C.;S.Dak.;Tenn.;Tex.;Utah;Vt.;Va.;Wash.;W.Va.;Wis.;Wyo.;nearly worldwide.
|reference=None
|publication title=Sp. Pl.
|publication year=1753
|special status=
|source xml=https://jpend@bitbucket.org/aafc-mbb/fna-data-curation.git/src/f50eec43f223ca0e34566be0b046453a0960e173/coarse_grained_fna_xml/V22/V22_145.xml
|genus=Juncus
|subgenus=Juncus subg. Poiophylli
|species=Juncus bufonius
}}<!--

-->[[Category:Treatment]][[Category:Juncus subg. Poiophylli]]