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Common names: Goosefoot Etymology: Greek chen, goose, and pous, foot, in reference to the shape of the leaf Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Mentioned on
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Kral Common names: Yellow-eyed-grass Etymology: Greek xyron, razor, in reference to a plant with two-edged leaves Synonyms: Jupica Rafinesque Kotsjiletti Adanson
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Thieret Etymology: Greek phyton, plant, and Latin lacca, crimson dye, in reference to the pigment the berries yield Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment
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aristolocheia, birthwort, from aristos, best, and lochia, delivery, in reference to ancient use of herb as aid in childbirth Synonyms: Endodeca Rafinesque
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Magrath Common names: Adder’s-mouth Etymology: Greek malaxis, softening, in reference to soft and tender texture of leaves Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26
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Etymology: generic name Cistus (rockrose) and Greek anthos, flower, in reference to similarity of the flowers Synonyms: Calyptridium Nuttall Lewisiopsis Govaerts
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group, but these characters are shared with other acrocarpous mosses. Reference should be made to the detailed treatment of D. G. Horton (1982, 1983) for
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Common names: Ringstem Etymology: Latin anulus, ring, and caule, stem, in reference to the sticky internodal rings Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment
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names: Spider-lily Etymology: Greek hymên, membrane, and kallos, beauty, in reference to the corona Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 283
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Matthews Common names: Purslane Etymology: Latin portula, little door, in reference to the lid of the capsule Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment
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Star-scaled cloak ferns Etymology: Greek astro, star, and lepis, scale, in reference to the starlike scales on the adaxial blade surface Treatment appears in
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H. Wagner Etymology: Greek poly, many, and stichos, row, presumably in reference to the rows of sori on each pinna Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Plants
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Nienaber, John W. Thieret Etymology: A mythi-cal hermaphrodite monster, in reference to the original inclusion in Menispermaceae, where it was the only genus
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names: Strap ferns Etymology: Greek kampylos, curved, and neuron, nerve, in reference to the venation Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Plants epiphytic. Stems
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2: 111. 1838. Eric Hágsater Etymology: Greek prostheke, appendix, in reference to appendage on back of column Synonyms: Anacheilium Anacheilium Hoffmannsegg
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names: Club-moss Etymology: Greek lykos, wolf, and pous, podes, foot in reference to the resemblance of the branch tips to a wolf's paw Treatment appears
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Greek schoinos, a rush, reed, and plectos, plaited, twisted, woven, in reference to the use of culms in making useful objects Basionym: Scirpus subg. S
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names: Cloak fern Etymology: Greek notho, false, and chlaena, coat, in reference to the reflexed leaf segment margins that form false indusia Treatment
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orchid Etymology: Greek tri, 3-fold, and phoros, bearing, possibly in reference to the few-flowered inflorescence or the 3 crests on the lip of the type
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Adder's-tongue Etymology: Latin ophis, snakelike, and glossa, tongue, in reference to the sporophore tip Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Plants terrestrial
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Etymology: Latin gossypion, cotton, and Greek anthemon, flower, presumably in reference to the villous tepals Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page
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Shielded-sorus ferns Etymology: Greek pleos, many, and pelte, shield, in reference to the peltate scales covering immature sori Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Common names: Orchis Etymology: Greek dactylos, finger, and rhiza, root, in reference to the fingerlike tuberoids of the more primitive species Treatment appears
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Nauman Common names: Climbing ferns Etymology: Greek lygodes, flexible, in reference to the twining rachis Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Plants terrestrial
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Spellenberg Etymology: Greek, kyphos, bent, humped, and meris, part, in reference to the gibbous fruit Basionym: Lindenia M. Martens & Galeotti Bull. Acad
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Mark W. Etymology: Greek oncos, swelling, and - idium, diminutive, in reference to prominent lip callus Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on
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names: Sand -puffs Etymology: Greek tri, three, pteron, wing, and calyx, in reference to the perianth Basionym: Tripterocalyx Torrey in J. C. Frémont, Rep. Exped
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Etymology: Greek aris, plant name used by Pliny, and haima, blood, in reference to the red-spotted leaves of some species Synonyms: Muricauda Small Treatment
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Everglades Etymology: Greek a-, without, coelo, hollow, and raphe, in reference to shape of the seed Synonyms: Paurotis O. F. Cook Treatment appears in
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from the Greek brachys, 'short', and elytron, 'husk' or 'involucre', a reference to the short glumes. Conn., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Wis., W.Va., Del., D.C, Mass
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C. S. Keener. 1991. A classification of the Ranunculaceae with special reference to the Western Hemisphere. Phytologia 70: 24-27. Tamura, M. 1963. Morphology
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338--344. Argue, C. L. 1976. Pollen studies in the Alismataceae with special reference to taxonomy. Pollen & Spores 18: 161--173. Beal, E. O. 1960b. The Alismataceae
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Tryon, R. M. and A. F. Tryon. 1982. Ferns and Allied Plants, with Special Reference to Tropical America. New York, Heidelberg, and Berlin. Isoëtes window.
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bulrush Etymology: Greek bolbos, a bulb, and schoenos, a rush, reed, in reference to the presence of corms Basionym: Scirpus sect. Bolboschoenus Ascherson
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Common names: Ginkgo Etymology: Chinese yin, silver, and hing, apricot, in reference to appearance of the seed Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Leaf blades
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Tryon, R. M. and A. F. Tryon. 1982. Ferns and Allied Plants, with Special Reference to Tropical America. New York. Selaginella window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[];
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names: Pincushion globe cactus chilita Etymology: Latin mamilla, nipple, in reference to shap e of tubercles, which produce “milky” white latex in some species
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names: Boston fern Etymology: Greek nephros, kidney, and lepis, scale, in reference to shape of the indusia Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Plants terrestrial
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palm parlor palm Etymology: Greek chamai, on the ground, and dorea, gift, in reference to small, low-growing palms of great beauty Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Umbrella thoroughwort Etymology: Etymology unknown possibly an oblique reference to the leaves as a source of dye like indigo Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Glasswort saltwort samphire Etymology: Latin sal, salt, cornu, horn, in reference to the appearance of the plant and its association with saline habitats
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Ackerman Etymology: Greek cyclo, circular, and pogon, beard, perhaps in reference to pubescent bases of sepals of the type species Synonyms: Beadlea Small
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palm MacArthur palm Etymology: Greek ptyx, folded, and sperma, seed, in reference to the ridged endocarp Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Treatment on
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plate 985. 1826. James D. Ackerman Etymology: Greek pelex, helmet, in reference to dorsal sepal, which is united with petals to form narrow hood Treatment
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Nancy J. Vivrette Etymology: Greek a- , not, and pt enos, winged, in reference to the lack of wings on the capsules Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4
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fern dwarf staghorn Etymology: Greek cheir, hand, and glossa, tongue in reference to the palmately lobed trophophores and the linear sporophores Treatment
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Ackerman Etymology: Greek dendro, tree, and phylax, epiphyte or guardian, in reference to the epiphytic habit Synonyms: Polyradicion Garay Polyrrhiza Pfitzer
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Eagle-claw cactus fishhook cactus Etymology: Greek sclero, hard, cruel, in reference to the hooked spines, and Cactus, an old genus name Synonyms: Coloradoa Boissevain
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Johnson Common names: Pillwort Etymology: Latin pilula, a little ball, in reference to the spheric sporocarps Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Plants aquatic
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John W. Thieret Etymology: Greek trichos, hair, and stigma, stigma, in reference to the penicillate stigma Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment
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dikranos, twice-forked, and pteris, fern, derived from pteron, feather, in reference to the leaf architecture Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Stems long-creeping;
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Allan D. Zimmerman, Bruce D. Parfitt Etymology: Greek asteros, star, in reference to the star-shaped stem cross section of the type species, and phyton,
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Coyol gru-gru Etymology: Greek akron, summit, and kome, hairs of the head, in reference to the high crown of leaves akrokomos, with leaves at the top, said especially
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bachelor's buttons Etymology: Greek lachnos, wool, and chaulos, stem, in reference to the long, soft, upwardly pointed hairs on scapes of the type Treatment
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1763. Scott Zona Common names: Oil palm Etymology: Greek elaia, olive, in reference to the oily fruits Synonyms: Alfonsia Kunth Corozo Jacquin ex Giseke Treatment
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palm Etymology: Greek thrinax, trident or winnowing fork presumably in reference to shape of leaf Synonyms: Hemithrinax Hooker f. Treatment appears in FNA
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Hop-hornbeam Etymology: Latin ostrya, hop-hornbeam, from Greek ostryos, scale, in reference to the scaly infructescences Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Trees,
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names: Horned-poppy sea-poppy Etymology: Greek glaukos, gray-green, in reference to color of waxy bloom on all parts Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3.
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John E. Bleck Etymology: Greek malle, arm-hole, and pherein, to bear, in reference to the seed pockets of the fruits Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment
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Thompson Common names: Water-lettuce Etymology: Greek pistra, watertrough, in reference to the aquatic habitat Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Herbs, aquatic
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names: Bramble ferns Etymology: Greek hypo, below, and lepis, scale, in reference to position of sori under the revolute leaf margin Treatment appears in
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Noel H. Holmgren Common names: (Greek halos salt and geiton neighbor in reference to the habitat of the species) Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment
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New Zealand spinach Etymology: Greek tetra, four, and gonia, angle, in reference to the shape of the fruit Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment
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1927. John E. Bleck Etymology: Greek drosos, dew, and anthos, flower, in reference to the glistening papillae Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment
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ou puant Etymology: Greek symplokos, connected, and karpos, fruit, in reference to the infructescence Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Treatment on
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Common names: South American elodea Etymology: Latin egeri, a nymph, in reference to aquatic habitat Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Plants perennial
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1925. John E. Bleck Etymology: Greek delos, visible, and sperma, seed, in reference to the seeds being exposed as the fruits dehisce Treatment appears in FNA
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epithet of Lycopodium phlegmaria Greek phlegma, flame, and oura, tail in reference to the tasslelike fertile portions of the plant Treatment appears in FNA
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names: Needleleaf Etymology: Greek poly, numerous, and kneme, limb, in reference to the numerous branches resembling the spokes of a wheel Treatment appears
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Etymology: Greek axyros (a, not, and xyrios, razor), blunt, not cutting, in reference to the mild taste Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page
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Richard W. Spellenberg Etymology: Greek kommi, gum, and carpos, fruit, in reference to gummy-glandular fruit Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on
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1974. The genera of tribe Passifloreae (Passifloraceae) with special reference to flower morphology. Blumea 22: 37–50. Feuillet, C. and J. M. MacDougal
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names: Red root Etymology: Greek lachne, wool, and anthos, flower, in reference to pubescent flowers Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page
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Pl. 2: 7. 1818. Etymology: Greek stylos, style, and phoros, bearing, in reference to the conspicuous style, unusual in the family Treatment appears in FNA
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Bloodroot puccoon sanguinaire du Canada sang-dragon Etymology: Latin sanguis, blood, in reference to color of sap Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Herbs, perennial, scapose
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Sensitive fern Etymology: Greek onos, vessel, and kleiein, to close, in reference to the sori, which are enclosed by the revolute fertile leaf margins Treatment
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78: 433. 1925. John E. Bleck Etymology: Greek konikos, cone-shaped, in reference to the capsule Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 87
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palm palmier a aiguilles Etymology: Greek rhapidos, a rod, and phyllon, leaf, in reference to the spines of the leafbases, or perhaps meaning having the leaf of Rhapis
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Samphire glasswort saltwort Etymology: Greek sarco, fleshy, and Latin cornis, horned, in reference to the appearance of the plants Basionym: Salicornia sect. Perennes Duval-Jouve
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seal sceau-de-Salomon Etymology: Greek poly- , many, and gony, knee, in reference to the jointed rhizome Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on
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Tryon, R. M. and A. F. Tryon. 1982. Ferns and Allied Plants, with Special Reference to Tropical America. New York, Heidelberg, and Berlin. Acrostichum, Adiantum
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1913. A. A. Reznicek Etymology: Greek kyma, wave, and phyll, leaf, in reference to the undulate-margined leaves Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment
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13(2): 429. 1849. Richard W. Spellenberg Etymology: Greek nyct, night, in reference to noctural flowering Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page
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Etymology: Malay am ottelambel, apparently from otta, to stick to, in reference to thin leaves that stick to body, and am bel, nymphaea Treatment appears
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Common names: Golden-crest Etymology: Greek lophia, mane or crest, in reference to pubescence on adaxial sides of tepals Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Leila M. Shultz Common names: Spinach Etymology: Latin spina, spine, in reference to spiny fruit, or Persian ispanakh, spinach Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Parfitt Etymology: Greek thele, nipple, and Cactus, an old genus name, in reference to the tubercle shape Basionym: Echinocactus subg. Thelocactus K. Sch umann
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Common names: Twisted-rib cactus Etymology: Latin hamatus, hooked, in reference to the hooked central spines, and Cactus, an old genus name Treatment appears
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names: Peyote Etymology: Greek lophos, crest, and phoreus, a bearer, in reference to tufts of hairs in areoles Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Mentioned
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1974. Population variation and taxonomy in Armeria maritima with special reference to heavy-metal tolerant populations. New Phytol. 73: 209–219. Lefèbvre
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2003. The Deschampsia cespitosa complex (Poaceae: Aveneae) with special reference to Russia. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 142:213-228 Clarke, G.C.S. 1980. Deschampsia
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two lateral (inner, often petaloid) sepals are referred to as wings. In reference to petals, the abaxial (lower) petal is referred to as the keel. Unless
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petiole. Punt, W. 1962. Pollen morphology of the Euphorbiaceae with special reference to taxonomy. Wentia 7: 1–116. Radcliffe-Smith, A. 2001. Genera Euphorbiacearum
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Ryberg, M. 1955. A taxonomical survey of the genus Corydalis Ventenat, with reference to cultivated species. Acta Hort. Berg. 17(5): 155-175. Corydalis aqua-gelidae
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of Triphora trianthophora (Sw.) Rydb. (Three Birds Orchid) with Special Reference to Its Pollination. M.A. thesis. Andrews University. Triphora trianthophoros
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Mahanty, H. K. 1970. A cytological study of the Zingiberales with special reference to their taxonomy. Cytologia 35: 13--49. Mc Miege, J. 1960. Troisième liste
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On the relationships of the mosses of the order Hypnales, with special reference to taxa traditionally classified in the Leskeaceae. In: A. E. Newton and
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approach to the classification of the genus Gnaphalium with particular reference to the species present in New Zealand (Inuleae–Compositae). New Zealand
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by L. S. Cheney (1897) of Amblystegium, in a broad sense, is a useful reference for the species of Platydictya. Plants of Platydictya have creeping stems
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