discussions and in the introductory chapter on monocot classification by J. L. Reveal and J. C. Pires at the front of this volume. Traditionally, Pleea, Triantha
39 KB (3,176 words) - 22:13, 5 November 2020
family (N. D. Young et al. 1999; J. R. McNeal et al. 2013); holoparasitism has arisen independently three times from the hemiparasitic condition (J. R. Bennett
13 KB (840 words) - 20:36, 5 November 2020
E. and J. L. Panero. 1996. Relationships in Heliantheae subtribe Helianthinae based on chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis. In: D. J. N. Hind et
24 KB (1,707 words) - 21:07, 5 November 2020
Bull. New York Bot. Gard. 3: 1–45. 1903.] Britton, N. L. and J. N. Rose. 1905. Crassulaceae. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora
16 KB (1,377 words) - 23:42, 5 November 2020
adnate to the caryopses; anthers (2)3. x = 7. Conn., Mass., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Calif., Del., N.C., Va., W.Va., Vt., D.C, Wis., Colo., Kans., Nebr., Okla.
12 KB (1,255 words) - 17:22, 11 May 2021
interruptus group. J. Kentucky Acad. Sci. 62:19-38 Campbell, J.J.N. and A. Haines. 2002. Corrections and additions to: Campbell, J.J.N. 2000. Notes on North
40 KB (2,632 words) - 17:23, 11 May 2021
(Poaceae) based on matK sequences. Syst. Bot. 26:386-405 Hsiao, C, S.W.L. Jacobs, N.J. Chatterton, and K.H. Asay. 1999. A molecular phylogeny of the grass family
11 KB (1,291 words) - 18:58, 11 May 2021
Phylogen. Evol. 51: 157–168. Palmer, E. J. 1925. Synopsis of North American Crataegi. J. Arnold Arbor. 6: 5–128. Palmer, E. J. 1950. Crataegus. In: M. L. Fernald
21 KB (2,479 words) - 16:24, 9 December 2021
San Francisco. Hind, D. J. N., C. Jeffrey, and G. V. Pope, eds. 1995. Advances in Compositae Systematics. Kew. Hind, D. J. N., H. J. Beentje, P. D. S. Caligari
270 KB (5,940 words) - 20:46, 31 January 2022
consensus regarding relationships within the family. Pollen types (J. W. Nowicke and J. J. Skvarla 1977) and chromosome numbers (Brandbyge) are diverse. Multiple
12 KB (1,495 words) - 20:20, 17 May 2021
umbellatum, Eriogonum ursinum, Eriogonum wootonii Nuttall J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, n. s. 1: 166. 1848. James L. Reveal Treatment appears in FNA
18 KB (535 words) - 20:40, 22 September 2022
1991; J. L. Dowe and N. W. Uhl 1989; J. Dransfield 1989, 1991; J. Dransfield and H. J. Beentje 1995, 1995b; A. Henderson and M. J. Balick 1991; N. W. Uhl
12 KB (1,128 words) - 21:30, 5 November 2020
Minn., Mont., N.Dak., Nebr., N.Mex., Nev., Oreg., Pa., S.C., Vt., Alaska, Mass., N.H., R.I., Fla., Wyo., Kans., Tex., La., Miss., Tenn., N.C., S.Dak., Utah
45 KB (2,833 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 50: 566–598. Carolin, R. C. 1987. A review of the family Portulacaceae. Austral. J. Bot. 35: 383–412. Carolin
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Anderson, L. C. and J. B. Creech. 1975. Comparative leaf anatomy of Solidago and related Asteraceae. Amer. J. Bot. 62: 486–493. Beck, J. B. et al. 2004. Is
74 KB (1,788 words) - 20:57, 5 November 2020
Z. Wang, Z. Zhu, N. Xia, L. Jia, G. Zhu, Z. Guo, G. Yang, W. Chen, X. Chen, S.M. Phillips, C. Stapleton, R.J. Soreng, S.G. Aiken, N.N. Tzvelev [Tsvelev]
28 KB (1,872 words) - 17:21, 11 May 2021
Beattie, A. J. and N. Lyons. 1975. Seed dispersal in Viola (Violaceae): Adaptations and strategies. Amer. J. Bot. 62: 714–722. Fabijan, D. M., J. G. Packer
33 KB (2,273 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
87: 503–515. Howell, J. T. 1959. Distributional data on weedy thistles in western North America. Leafl. W. Bot. 9: 17–32. Moore, R. J. and C. Frankton. 1974
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reductions from n = 9 or 10 to n = 6, followed by polyploidy to produce the array of numbers in Epilobium (n = 12, 13, 15, 16, 18, 30) and Boisduvalia (n = 9, 10
5 KB (601 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
165–170. Hall, J. C., K. J. Sytsma, and H. H. Iltis. 2002. Phylogeny of Capparaceae and Brassicaceae based on chloroplast sequence data. Amer. J. Bot. 89: 1826–1842
95 KB (3,708 words) - 23:32, 5 November 2020
8: 1-22. Taylor, R. J. 1960. The genus Delphinium in Wyoming. Univ. Wyoming Publ. 24: 9-21. Warnock, M. J. 1993. Delphinium. In: J. C. Hickman, ed. 1993
5 KB (569 words) - 22:49, 5 November 2020
its allies. Bull. Bot. Lab. N. E. Forest. Inst., Harbin 2: 1–60. Ling, Y. R. 1995. The New World Artemisia L. In: D. J. N. Hind et al., eds. 1995. Advances
11 KB (1,203 words) - 20:57, 5 November 2020
sometimes 10, with polyploid and dysploid derivatives. Conn., N.H., R.I., N.C., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Ala., Fla., W.Va., Mich., Del., D.C, Wis., Iowa, Pacific
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phylogenetic analysis, J. R. McDill et al. (2009) concluded that Linaceae is a monophyletic group, as is Linoideae. According to J. R. McDill (2009), Cliococca
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mostly descending dysploid series with chromosome numbers ranging from n = 18 to n = 10. Very few instances of polyploidy are known among New World Cirsium
56 KB (1,993 words) - 20:52, 5 November 2020
Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., Del., Oreg., Wis., Colo., D.C, Utah, W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Kans., N.Dak., Nebr., S.Dak., Mass., Maine, N.H., R
19 KB (1,368 words) - 17:22, 11 May 2021
tripartita (Rydberg) McArthur Amer. J. Bot. 68: 590. 1981. Leila M. Shultz Basionym: Tridentatae Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 34: 282. 1916 Treatment
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Show Lower Taxa Fallugia, Geum, Sieversia, Waldsteinia Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 22: 240. 1908. Luc Brouillet Treatment appears in FNA
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and Wen J. 2006. Phylogenetic analysis of the grape family (Vitaceae) based on three chloroplast markers. Amer. J. Bot. 93: 278-287. Wen, J. 2007. Vitaceae
6 KB (550 words) - 20:15, 5 November 2020
335–423. Luteyn, J. L. et al. 1996. Ericaceae of the southeastern United States. Castanea 61: 101–144. Small, J. K. 1914. Ericaceae. In: N. L. Britton et
29 KB (1,652 words) - 23:45, 5 November 2020
ellipsoid, x = 9. N.C., Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., Del., D.C, Wis., W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Md., Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I
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to a flabellate scale, x = 10. Conn., N.J., N.Y., W.Va., Mich., Alta., B.C., Man., Ont., Sask., D.C, Wis., Ariz., N.Mex., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Idaho
12 KB (632 words) - 18:59, 11 May 2021
herbarium sheets. Pinkava, D. J. 2002. On the evolution of the continental North American Opuntioideae (Cactaceae). In: D. R. Hunt and N. P. Taylor, eds. 2002
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subfamilies and 14 tribes. That arrangement differs somewhat from that of J. Bruhl (1995). With one minor exception the arrangement of the family here
20 KB (923 words) - 21:37, 5 November 2020
or oval, x = 9. Minn., Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Ala., Mich., N.C., Pa., Puerto Rico, S.C., W.Va., Ark., Iowa, Kans., Mo., N.Dak., Nebr., Okla., S.Dak.,
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through which the primary root of the seedling grows. Barber, J.C., S.A. Aliscioni, L.M. Giussani, J.D. Noll, M.R. Duvall, and E.A. Kellogg. 2002. Combined analyses
17 KB (785 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
26:757-768 Tsvelev, N.N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR. Nauka, Leningrad [St. Petersburg], Russia. 788 pp. Tsvelev, N.N. 1995. Leymus. Pp. 300-306 in J.G. Packer (ed.,
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some might be edaphically restricted (J. B. Glad 1976; H. J. Thompson and A. M. Powell 1981; C. M. Christy 1997; N. H. Holmgren and P. K. Holmgren 2002;
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the genus (N. H. Holmgren 1971; Heckard and Chuang). Hybrid swarms are observed in some regions, complicating identification (M. Ownbey 1959; J. M. Egger
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to other genera within the tribe (J. J. Zhang 1996; J. C. Semple et al. 1999; R. D. Noyes and L. H. Rieseberg 1999; J. B. Beck et al. 2004). Traditionally
13 KB (793 words) - 20:33, 8 December 2021
1999; V. J. Tepedino et al. 1999, 2006, 2007; J. D. Thomson et al. 2000; Paul Wilson et al. 2004), and reproductive biology (R. L. Nielson 1998; J. Chari
14 KB (1,771 words) - 19:59, 8 December 2021
Plata, Argentina. 62 pp. Tsvelev, N.N. 1976. Zlaki SSSR. Nauka, Leningrad [St. Petersburg], Russia. 788 pp. Tsvelev, N.N. 1977. [On the origin and evolution
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subjects. Gornall, R. J. and B. A. Bohm. 1980. The use of flavonoids in the taxonomy of Boykinia and allies (Saxifragaceae). Canad. J. Bot. 58: 1768–1779
24 KB (2,046 words) - 23:46, 5 November 2020
Cucurbitaceae. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 90: 332–335. Jeffrey, C. and W. J. J. O. De Wilde. 2006. A review of the subtribe Thladianthinae (Cucurbitaceae)
19 KB (1,336 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
palea at maturity. 2n = 14, 28, 42. Ariz., Miss., Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Del., Utah, Va., Idaho, Maine, Oreg., Kans., Mont., N.Dak., Nebr., Okla., S
10 KB (811 words) - 17:23, 11 May 2021
L. Nesom 2000) or in Centipedinae within Athroismeae (J. L. Panero 2005). Arriagada, J. E. and N. G. Miller. 1997. The genera of Anthemideae (Compositae:
18 KB (990 words) - 20:56, 5 November 2020
Delphinium trolliifolium (N. I. Malyutin) M. J. Warnock Phytologia 78: 92. 1995. Michael J. Warnock Basionym: Delphinium sect. Grumosa N. I. Malyutin Bot. Zhurn
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caryopses. x = 7. N.C., Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., W.Va., Del., Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., Wis., Idaho, Mont., Oreg., Wyo., Kans., N.Dak., Nebr., S
17 KB (1,082 words) - 16:08, 1 December 2021
the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 55: 303–332, 344–401, 611–662. Rydberg, P. A. 1908–1918. Rosaceae. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+
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the caryopses. x = 7. Ill., Ind., Conn., N.J., N.Y., Ga., Wash., Utah, Alaska, Colo., Idaho, N.Mex., Nev., Maine, N.H., Vt., Del., D.C, Wis., Iowa, Mont.
82 KB (1,737 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
Senecio sensu lato and Cacalia sensu lato in Mexico and Central America. In: D. J. N. Hind et al., eds. 1996. Proceedings of the International Compositae Conference
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Stevens in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 22(7): 8. 1959. Barbara Ertter, James L. Reveal Basionym: Setosae Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl
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Arundinoideae. Pl. Syst. Evol. 173:57-70 Hsiao, C, S.W.L. Jacobs, N.P. Barker, and N.J. Chatterton. 1998. A molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Arundinoideae
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in the flora; 2 genera, 3 species introduced). Alexander, E. J. 1937. Pontederiaceae. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+. North American Flora…. 47+ vols
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Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Utah, W.Va., Mich., Del., D.C, Wis., Iowa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Md., Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., Fla., Kans., N.Dak.,
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New York. Pridgeon, A. M., P. J. Cribb, and F. N. Rasmussen. 1999+. Genera Orchidacearum. 1+ vol. Oxford. Rasmussen, F. N. 1985. Orchids. In: R. M. T. Dahlgren
37 KB (2,535 words) - 22:11, 5 November 2020
plumose distally. x = 10. N.C., Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., W.Va., Del., D.C, Wis., Ariz., N.Mex., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., Fla
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Y.N., A.G. Vovk, O.A. Petrova, E.D. Ermolenko, and Y.V. Vernichenklo. 1977. Zlaki Ukrainy. Naukava Dumka, Kiev, Russia. 517 pp. Soreng, R.J. and J.I.
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9. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., W.Va., Del., D.C, Wis., Ariz., N.Mex., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Mich., N.Dak., Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., Ont.,
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various discussions of oak hybridization in the literature (e.g., E. J. Palmer 1948; J. W. Hardin 1975). Hunt, D. M. 1989. A Systematic Review of Quercus
11 KB (1,303 words) - 22:52, 5 November 2020
11, 12. Conn., D.C, Del., Ill., Ind., Mass., Md., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., Tex., Utah, Vt., Wyo., Ga., Wash., Va., W
19 KB (795 words) - 20:07, 22 September 2022
Pl. 1 : 804. 1867. John J. Schenk, Larry Hufford Common names: Western star Basionym: Mentzelia Bartonia Torrey & A. Gray Fl. N. Amer. 1: 534. 1840 Treatment
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Amer. J. Bot. 72:767-776 Baum, B.R., C. Yen, and J.-L. Yang. 1991. Roegneria: Its generic limits and justification for its recognition. Canad. J. Bot.
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godfreyi (n = 5) × gossypina ssp. cruiseana (n = 9) and C. godfreyi (n = 5) × linearifolia (n = 5). Canad. J. Bot. 58: 172–181. Semple, J. C. and C. C
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to regional keys noted below, keys exist for Texas (J. L. Reveal 1970b), the Pacific Northwest (J. L. Reveal 1973), and the Great Plains (R. Kaul 1986)
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E. Balfour 1965, anomalous nature of secondary wood; J. W. Nowicke 1970 and J. W. Nowicke and T. J. Luikart 1971, pollen morphology; A. D. Joshi and V.
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Thurston and N. R. Lersten 1969). E. L. Thurston (1969) was not able to find these compounds in Urtica chamaedryoides using analytic techniques, but J. M. Kingsbury
7 KB (600 words) - 22:53, 14 January 2021
x = 10. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., W.Va., Del., D.C, Wis., N.Dak., S.Dak., Ariz., N.Mex., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt.,
38 KB (1,181 words) - 18:58, 11 May 2021
7. Conn., N.J., N.Y., N.Mex., Wash., Va., W.Va., Del., D.C, Wis., Ariz., Mont., Oreg., Wyo., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Md., Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt
26 KB (1,459 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
Mont., N.Dak., Nebr., N.Y., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Va., Vt., Wis., W.Va., Wyo., Wash., Idaho, N.H., R.I., Fla., N.J., N.Mex.
8 KB (636 words) - 20:51, 4 April 2024
Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., W.Va., Del., D.C, Wis., Fla., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Md., Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., Wyo., N.Mex., Tex., La., N.C.,
15 KB (1,345 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyCornaceae Show Lower Taxa Cornus Berchtold & J. Presl Zack E. Murrell, Derick B. Poindexter Common names: Dogwood Family Treatment
3 KB (271 words) - 20:16, 5 November 2020
(for example, B. Ertter 1993e; A. Cronquist and N. H. Holmgren 1997) and national floras (for example, H. J. Scoggan 1978–1979, vol. 1) or monographic treatments
17 KB (1,817 words) - 23:54, 5 November 2020
et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1: 23. 1895. Alan T. Whittemore Basionym: Undefined subg. Cyrtorhyncha Nuttall in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 26. 1838
1 KB (96 words) - 22:47, 5 November 2020
chromosome numbers and rbcL sequences. [Abstract.] Amer. J. Bot. 82(6, suppl.): 136. McKinney, L. E. and N. H. Russell. 2002. Violaceae of the southeastern United
8 KB (963 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
Candolle, containing genera without tendrils that are shrubby or arborescent (W. J. J. O. de Wilde 1971). Paropsieae have been assigned to Flacourtiaceae or are
6 KB (714 words) - 23:20, 5 November 2020
species, and the keys to them, remain quite unsatisfactory. Bartel, J. A. 1993. Dudleya. In: J. C. Hickman, ed. 1993. The Jepson Manual. Higher Plants of California
10 KB (1,162 words) - 23:43, 5 November 2020
oils. Biochem. Syst. & Ecol. 11: 85--89. Fassett, N. C. 1945. Juniperus virginiana, J. horizontalis, and J. scopulorum. V. Taxonomic treatment. Bull. Torrey
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bigelovii, N. parryi, N. cismontana, and N. interrata. Dice, J. C. 1988. Systematic Studies in the Nolina bigelovii–N. parryi (Nolinaceae) Complex. M.S. thesis
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Hawaiian Islands. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 96: 235–283. Robertson, K. R. 1981. The genera of Amaranthaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 62:
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the convergence of morphologic (J. Soják 1985[1989], 2008) and molecular (T. Eriksson et al. 1998, 2003; C. Dobeš and J. Paule 2010; M. H. Töpel et al.
24 KB (1,890 words) - 23:54, 5 November 2020
x = 7. Conn., N.J., N.Y., N.Mex., Wash., Va., Del., D.C, Wis., Alaska, Ala., Ark., Calif., Ga., Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., N.C., N.Dak., N.H., Ohio, Okla
9 KB (788 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
diversification of sect. Trachyphytum (J. M. Brokaw 2009; Brokaw and L. Hufford 2010, 2010b). H. J. Thompson and H. Lewis (1953) and J. E. Zavortink (1966) reported
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Wis., Ariz., N.Mex., Conn., Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., La., Okla., Wyo., Puerto Rico, N.J., N.C., N.Dak., Tenn., S.C., Pa., S.Dak., N.Y., Nev., Va
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Clusiaceae of the southeastern United States. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 89: 62–71. Gillett, J. M. and N. K. B. Robson. 1981. The St. John’s worts of
6 KB (558 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
systematic studies (N. Garcia-Jacas et al. 2000) provide additional evidence that it is nested within Centaurea. Excluded species: Centaurea bovina. J. T. Kartesz
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Gooseberries. Geneva, N.Y. [New York State Agric. Exp. Sta., Techn. Bull. 109.] Coville, F. V. and N. L. Britton. 1908. Grossulariaceae. In: N. L. Britton et
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than 10 mm. x = 10. Minn., Conn., N.J., N.Y., Fla., Pa., Wash., Va., W.Va., Del., D.C, Wis., Ariz., N.Mex., Kans., Mo., N.Dak., Nebr., Okla., S.Dak., Pacific
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neither of them found suitable for general planting. Bassett, I. J., C. W. Crompton, J. McNeill, and P. M. Taschereau. 1983. The Genus Atriplex (Chenopodiaceae)
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Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., Del., D.C, W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Fla., N.H., Puerto Rico, N.Mex., Tex., La., B.C., Md., Nebr., Tenn., N.C., S
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Schoenoplectus purshianus, Schoenoplectus smithii (Reichenbach) J. Raynal Adansonia, n.s. 16: 130. 1976. S. Galen Smith Basionym: Scirpus sect. Actaegeton Reichenbach
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Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wis., Del., D.C, Man., Ont., Que., Sask., W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Ark., Ariz., Calif., Ga., La., Md., Miss., N.C., N.Mex., Nev
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Pp. 363–365. Boetsch, J. R. 2002. The Aizoaceae and Molluginaceae of the southeastern United States. Castanea 67: 42–53. Brown, N. E., A. Tischer, and M
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Hickey, R. J. 1986. Isoëtes megaspore surface morphology: Nomenclature, variation, and systematic importance. Amer. Fern J. 76: 1--16. Hickey, R. J., W. C
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apparently does not reproduce (J. E. Weber and C. S. Campbell 1989). Hybrids of other taxa have reproduced and spawned hybrid swarms (J. E. Cruise 1964; Campbell
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Va., Del., Wis., N.Mex., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Maine, Vt., Conn., N.J., N.Y., Kans., N.Dak., Nebr., Okla., S.Dak., Wyo., N.C., N.H., La., Colo., Ala
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to gynophore carrying pistil Basionym: Pachypodium Nuttall in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 96. 1838, Synonyms: Pleurophragma Rydberg Stanleyella Rydberg
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convergence of morphologic (J. Soják 1985[1989]) and molecular (T. Eriksson et al. 1998; M. Lundberg et al. 2009; C. Dobeš and J. Paule 2010) evidence shows
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K. Chestnut 1902; J. Goodrich et al. 1980; J. C. Hellson 1974; E. V. Steedman 1930; N. J. Turner et al. 1980, 1990). Thompson, H. J. 1953. The biosystematics
17 KB (1,639 words) - 23:44, 5 November 2020
phylogeny and its implications for floral evolution. Amer. J. Bot. 91: 926–942. Mast, A. R. and J. L. Reveal. 2007. Transfer of Dodecatheon to Primula (Primulaceae)
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or 10. Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Fla., Md., S.C., Puerto Rico, N.J., N.Mex., Tex., La., N.C., Ala., Ark., Tenn., Pa., Oreg., Okla., Va., Virgin Islands
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Brittonia 18: 285–303. Doyle, J. J. 1984. Karyotypic variation of eastern North American Claytonia chemical races. Amer. J. Bot. 71: 970–978. Halleck, D
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aerial florets, x = 12. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Del., D.C, Wis., Alta., B.C., Greenland, Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., N.W.T., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask
9 KB (659 words) - 18:59, 11 May 2021
implications. Int. J. Plant Sci. 156: 555–580. Hufford, L. 1997. A phylogenetic analysis of Hydrangeaceae based on morphological data. Int. J. Plant Sci. 158:
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winkleri Britton & Rose in N. L. Britton and A. Brown, Ill. Fl. N. U.S. ed. 2, 2: 569, fig. 2983. 1913. Kenneth D. Heil, J. Mark Porter Common names: Plains
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Kadereit, J. W. 1990. Some suggestions on the geographical origin of the central, west and north European synanthropic species of Papaver L. Bot. J. Linn.
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hutchinsoniae, Delphinium variegatum (Ewan) N. I. Malyutin Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 72: 689. 1987. Michael J. Warnock Basionym: Delphinium series Echinatae
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species in the flora). Hagström, J. O. 1916. Critical researches on the potamogetons. Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakad. Handl., n. s. 55(5): 1--281. Haynes, R
7 KB (794 words) - 21:32, 5 November 2020
305–319. Bayer, R. J. 1990. A phylogenetic reconstruction of Antennaria Gaertner (Asteraceae: Inuleae). Canad. J. Bot. 68: 1389–1397. Bayer, R. J. 1993. A taxonomic
34 KB (2,470 words) - 20:53, 5 November 2020
in the enthobotany literature, mostly without an indication of the variety. J. B. Romero (1954) indicated that in California, where most of the variants
23 KB (1,099 words) - 19:19, 9 January 2024
sparsifolia, Sidalcea stipularis, Sidalcea virgata A. Gray Mem. Amer. Acad. Arts, n. s. 4: 18. 1849. Steven R. Hill Common names: Checkerbloom checker mallow Etymology:
22 KB (713 words) - 23:22, 5 November 2020
North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America, sw Europe, n Africa, mostly of temperate areas. Genera 8, species 170–180 (5 genera, 40
5 KB (404 words) - 23:23, 5 November 2020
282–294. Semple, J. C. 1977. Cytotaxonomy of Chrysopsis and Heterotheca (Compositae–Astereae): A new interpretation of phylogeny. Canad. J. Bot. 55: 2503–2513
20 KB (1,289 words) - 21:03, 5 November 2020
pp. 253–281. Scott, A. J. 1978. A revision of the Camphorosmioideae (Chenopodiaceae). Feddes Repert. 89: 101–119. Scott, A. J. 1978b. A review of the
14 KB (879 words) - 22:58, 5 November 2020
L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga (species 1–3), sect. Paradantha (A. L. Grant) G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga (species 4–19), sect. Monantha G. L. Nesom & N. S. Fraga
44 KB (1,520 words) - 20:28, 5 November 2020
P. and N. Vorsa. 1994. Genetic differentiation of diploid blueberry, Vaccinium sect. Cyanococcus (Ericaceae). Syst. Bot. 19: 337–349. Qu, L., J. F. Hancock
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Arundinoideae. PI. Syst. Evol. 173:57-70 Hsaio,'c, S.W.L. Jacobs, N.P. Barker, and N.J. Chatterton. 1998. A molecular phylogeny of the subfamily Arundinoideae
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outcrossing and entomophilous (H. B. Lovell and J. H. Lovell 1936; L. C. W. Jensen 1961; J. T. Knudsen and J. M. Olesen 1993). Knudsen and Olesen found the
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Drupes usually blue-black (sometimes reddish purple in N. aquatica; yellow, orange, or red in N. ogeche), topped by persistent remnants of sepals; mesocarp
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section Polygonum (Avicularia) in North America. Madroño 18: 85–92. Wolf, S. J. and J. McNeill. 1986. Synopsis and achene morphology of Polygonum section Polygonum
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Acnida, Amaranthus sect. Saueranthus (Linnaeus) Aellen ex K. R. Robertson J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 283. 1981. Sergei L. Mosyakin, Kenneth R. Robertson Basionym:
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Conn., N.J., N.Y., D.C, Del., Ill., Ind., Kans., Mich., Minn., Nebr., N.Mex., Nev., Ohio, Okla., Wis., W.Va., Ont., Fla., N.H., Ariz., Tex., La., N.C., Tenn
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majority of post-1940 workers (J. W. Thieret 1988). Genus Genera 1, species 1: Britton, N. L. 1909. Scheuchzeriaceae. In: N. L. Britton et al., eds. 1905+
3 KB (226 words) - 21:29, 5 November 2020
Aconitum columbianum subsp. viviparum Nuttall in J. Torrey & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 34. 1838. D. E. Brink, J. A. Woods Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA
4 KB (309 words) - 18:00, 6 November 2020
mm). Cox, C. J. and T. A. Hedderson. 2003. Phylogenetic relationships within the moss family Bryaceae based on chloroplast DNA evidence. J. Bryol. 25: 31–40
12 KB (818 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
obovate or ovate. x = 25, 30. e coastal plain, se, sc, w United States, n, c, w Mexico, n Central America. Species ca. 35–40 (28 in the flora). W. Trelease (1902)
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Bot. 7: 110. 1953. Reid V. Moran Basionym: Hasseanthus Rose N. L. Britton and J. N. Rose, New N. Amer. Crassul. 37. 1903 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8
6 KB (478 words) - 23:41, 5 November 2020
mm. x = 7. Wash., N.H., Oreg., Ariz., N.Mex., Wyo., N.J., Iowa, Kans., Mont., N.Dak., Nebr., S.Dak., N.Y., Pa., Alta., B.C., N.B., N.S., Ont., Que., Sask
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Delphinium robustum, Delphinium sapellonis N. I. Malyutin Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 72: 688. 1987. Michael J. Warnock Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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leucarpum, Phoradendron rubrum, Phoradendron villosum Nuttall J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, n.s. 1: 185. 1848. Daniel L. Nickrent Common names: Mistletoe
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species Basionym: Vesicaria sect. Physaria Nuttall ex Torrey & A. Gray Fl. N. Amer. 1: 102. 1838 Synonyms: Coulterina Kuntze Lesquerella S. Watson Treatment
34 KB (1,355 words) - 20:43, 12 April 2023
Symphyotrichum subulatum, Symphyotrichum tenuifolium (Nuttall) Semple in J. C. Semple et al., Cult. Native Asters Ontario, 133. 2002. Luc Brouillet, John
4 KB (294 words) - 20:58, 5 November 2020
Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.C., N.Dak., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Nebr., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.Dak., Tenn., Utah, Va., Vt
5 KB (429 words) - 19:25, 6 November 2020
Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Del., Vt., Oreg., Wis., W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Fla., Wyo., D.C, Miss., Ohio, Va., N.Mex.,
10 KB (769 words) - 17:21, 11 May 2021
Mont., N.Dak., Nebr., N.Mex., Pa., S.C., Tex., N.C., Tenn., Calif., Nev., Alaska, Colo., Idaho, Alta., B.C., Greenland, Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S.,
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caryopses, oval, x = 5. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Del., D.C, Wis., W.Va., Alta., B.C., Greenland, Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., N.W.T., Nunavut, Ont., P.E
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flora in Achatocarpaceae [see page 12]. Behnke, H.-D., C. Chang, I. J. Eifert, and T. J. Mabry. 1974. Betalains and P-type sieve-tube plastids in Petiveria
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subsp. murina, Dudleya abramsii subsp. setchellii Rose in N. L. Britton and J. N. Rose, New N. Amer. Crassul., 14. 1903 (as abramsi) ,. Reid V. Moran Common
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treatments of the genus, see T. Ulmer and J. M. MacDougal (2004), and J. Vanderplank (2000). Feuillet, C. and J. M. MacDougal. 2003. A new infrageneric classification
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flora). Recognition here of the genus Triantha follows J. G. Baker (1879) and R. R. Gates (1918); see J. G. Packer (1993). R. W. Cruden (1991) provided cladistic
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with n = 15 (sects. Cordylophorum, Epilobiopsis, and Zauschneria), from which arose a branch with n = 12 (sect. Xerolobium), a separate branch with n = 13
26 KB (1,416 words) - 17:40, 2 December 2022
La., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., N.C., N.Dak., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., Nebr., Nev., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak
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Heterotheca. Semple and J. L. A. Hood (2005) described additional differences among the pappi of Chrysopsis, Heterotheca, and Pityopsis. Semple, J. C., V. Blok,
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Del., D.C, Conn., Mass., N.Y., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Fla., Wyo., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., Tex., La., Idaho, Oreg., N.C., B.C., N.S., Yukon, Tenn., S.C.,
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230:97-110 Harlan, J.R. and J.M.J, de Wet. 1972. Sources of variation in Cynodon dactylon (L.) Pers. Crop Sci. 12:172-176 Harlan, J.R., J.M.J, de Wet, and A
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7. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Del., Wis., W.Va., Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., Wyo., N.Mex., N.C., Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., Ont.
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Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.W.T., N.S., Nunavut, Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Calif., Idaho, Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.C., N
5 KB (379 words) - 14:55, 29 February 2024
species (such as N. newberryi) have been placed in Cheilanthes following R. M. Tryon and A. F. Tryon (1982). The scaly, nonfarinose taxa of the N. sinuata complex
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Mass., Maine, N.H., Vt., Wash., Colo., N.J., Wis., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Wyo., N.Mex., Tex., La., N.C., Alta., B.C., Greenland, Man., N.B., Nfld. and
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al. 1967; N. H. Valentine and H. M. Hassan 1971; M. N. Tamura 1995), and molecular analysis (P. J. Rudall et al. 2000; J. Yamashita and M. N. Tamura 2000)
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(Cactaceae)—Part 1. Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 13: 73–79. Hochstätter, F. 1996. The genus Sclerocactus (Cactaceae)—Part 2. Cact. Succ. J. Gr. Brit. 14: 76–84. Hochstätter
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reddish-black or black, x = 12. Del., Wis., W.Va., Fla., N.J., Tex., La., N.C., Tenn., S.C., Pa., N.Y., D.C, N.Mex., Va., Ala., Ark., Ill., Ga., Ind., Iowa, Ariz
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otherwise indicated. Moore, A. J. and L. Bohs. 2003. An ITS phylogeny of Balsamorhiza and Wyethia (Asteraceae: Heliantheae). Amer. J. Bot. 90: 1653–1660. Ownbey
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Ranunculus sulphureus, Ranunculus triternatus (Prantl) L. D. Benson Amer. J. Bot. 23: 169. 1936. Alan T. Whittemore Basionym: Ranunculus sect. Marsypadenium Prantl
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Conn., N.J., N.Y., Mass., Vt., Wash., Va., Del., Maine, Wis., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), N.H., N.C., Pa., R.I., B.C., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., Ont
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subtribeArecaceae (tribe Areceae) subtribe Roystoneinae Show Lower Taxa Roystonea J. Dransfield & N. W. Uhl Principes 30: 7. 1986. Scott Zona Treatment appears in FNA
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Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., Wash
3 KB (238 words) - 22:50, 5 November 2020
, Ky., La., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., N.C., N.Dak., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., Nebr., Nev., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak
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Argentina. Goodman, G. J. 1934. A revision of the North American species of the genus Chorizanthe. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 21: 1–102. Reveal, J. L. and C. B. Hardham
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Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., N.C., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., Nebr., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va
8 KB (901 words) - 18:02, 6 November 2020
La., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., N.C., N.Dak., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., Nev., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn
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Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va., Wis., Mexico
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fascicles in the upper leaf axils is more common in these plants. Cormick, J. F., J. R. Bozeman, and S. A. Spongberg. 1971. A taxonomic revision of granite
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Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Kans., N.Dak., Nebr., S.Dak., Wyo., N.Mex., Tex., La., N.Y., Ill., Ky., N.C., S.C., Alta., B.C., Man., N.W.T., Sask., Yukon, Colo.,
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formed. Wash., Oreg., Kans., N.Dak., Nebr., S.Dak., Wyo., N.Mex., Calif., Mont., Alaska, Nev., Colo., Alta., B.C., Man., N.S., N.W.T.., Ont., Que., Sask.,
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and sect. Californica T. J. Watson (shrubs, including X. cognata, X. orcuttii, and the Mexican endemic X. frutescens). Watson, T. J. 1977. The taxonomy of
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Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Ala., Ark., Conn., D.C., Del., Ga., Ill., Ind., Ky., La., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., N.C., N.H.,
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Notholirion and Fritillaria. Bull. Misc. Inform. Kew 1934: 94–96. Turner, N. J. and H. V. Kuhnlein. 1983. Camas (Camassia spp.) and riceroot (Fritillaria
12 KB (541 words) - 22:14, 5 November 2020
, Ont., Sask., Wis., Fla., Wyo., N.J., N.Mex., Tex., N.Y., Nebr., Tenn., N.C., S.C., Pa., Va., Colo., Ala., Kans., N.Dak., Okla., S.Dak., Ark., Iowa, Ariz
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glume. de Wet, J.M.J., J.R. Harlan, and D.E. Brink. 1982. Systematics of Tripsacum dactyloides. Amer. J. Bot. 69:1251-1257 de Wet, J.M.J., D.E. Brink, and
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Ballhead sandwort Endemic Basionym: Arenaria congesta Nuttall in J. Torrey and A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 178. 1838 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment
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Alta., B.C., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Ariz., Conn., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Ohio
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of all the taxa in this section.” Sarkar, N. M. 1958. Cytotaxonomic studies on Rumex sect. Axillares. Canad. J. Bot. 36: 947–996. Rumex altissimus, Rumex
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luteum, Delphinium nudicaule (Rydberg) N. I. Malyutin Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 72: 687. 1987. Michael J. Warnock Basionym: Delphinium sect. Bicoloria Rydberg
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W.A. Bull., N.S. 6: 3–22. Dickison, W. C. 1993. Floral anatomy of the Styracaceae, including observations on intra-ovarian trichomes. Bot. J. Linn. Soc
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Ky., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah
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acetyl-andromedol), a diterpene (J. W. Burke and R. W. Doskotch 1990; S. D. Mancini and J. M. Edwards 1979). Ebinger, J. E. 1974. A systematic study of
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(Hawaii), Conn., Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., Fla., Wyo., Puerto Rico, N.J., N.Mex., Tex., La., Nebr., Tenn., N.C., S.C., Pa., N.Y., Okla., Alaska, Nev., Va
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10. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., Del., D.C, Wis., W.Va., Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., Fla., Wyo., B.C., N.Mex., Tex., La., Idaho, Tenn., N.C., S.C.,
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close to Didiereaceae (J. E. Rodman et al. 1984), as did several chloroplast DNA studies (M. W. Chase et al. 1993; S. R. Downie and J. D. Palmer 1994; S.
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Wyoming] Caryophyllaceae. Res. J. Wyoming Agric. Exp. Sta. 64: 14-45. Rabeler, R. K. 2004. Caryophyllaceae (pink family). In: N. P. Smith et al., eds. 2004
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included in this treatment. A third, N. ×daubenyana W. T. Baxter ex Daubeny (N. micrantha Guillemin & Perrottet × N. caerulea Savigny), with blue flowers
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8:168-184 de Wet, J.M.J. 1968. Biosystematics of the Bothriochloa barbinodis complex (Gramineae). Amer. J. Bot. 55:1246-1250 de Wet, J.M.J, and J.R. Harlan. 1970
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, Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., Fla., La., Mo., N.Mex., Tex., Wyo., Puerto Rico, Oreg., Idaho, N.C., Tenn
28 KB (983 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
in Sonora (D. J. Keil 1975). Keil, D. J. 1975. Revision of Pectis sect. Heteropectis (Compositae: Tageteae). Madroño 23: 181–191. Keil, D. J. 1977. A revision
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clivosum W. J. Hess & Reveal, E. fimbriatum W. J. Hess & Reveal, E. henricksonii Reveal, and E. viscanum W. J. Hess & Reveal. Hess, W. J. and J. L. Reveal
6 KB (397 words) - 23:13, 5 November 2020
paleae distally gibbous, and reported chromosome complement of 2n = 14 (D. J. Keil and D. J. Pinkava 1976). These traits might eventually justify resurrection
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Map Legacy Map Alta., Man., Sask., Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont., N.Dak., N.Mex., Nebr., Nev., Oreg., S.Dak., Utah, Wash., Wyo., Mexico. Varieties
7 KB (480 words) - 18:02, 6 November 2020
Idaho, Iowa, Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis
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Copyright: Flora of North America Association Generated Map Legacy Map N.J., N.Y., Eurasia. Subspecies 2 (1 in the flora). None. Carlina vulgaris subsp
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Conn., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Wis., W.Va., Del., D.C, Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., Fla., Puerto Rico, Tex., La., Kans., Nebr., Tenn., S.C., Pa., N.B., Nfld
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Eckenwalder, J. E. 1977. North American cottonwoods (Populus, Salicaceae) of sections Abaso and Aigeiros. J. Arnold Arbor. 58: 193–208. Eckenwalder, J. E. 1984
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Nev., N.Mex., Tex., Utah, n Mexico (Baja California, Baja California Sur, Chihuahua, Coahuila, Durango, Nuevo León, Sonora, Zacatecas), sw, c Asia, n Africa
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raynalii (Poiret) Palla ex J. Raynal Adansonia, n. s. 16: 141. 1976. S. Galen Smith Illustrated Basionym: Scirpus erectus Poiret in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl
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linear, x = 15. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Del., Wis., Ariz., Idaho, Minn., N.Dak., Nebr., Ohio, S.Dak., W.Va., Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., Fla., Tex
8 KB (673 words) - 20:51, 12 February 2024
Herb. Norm. 44: 108. 1902. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis J. Menapace* Illustrated Basionym: Scirpus mamillatus H
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Hideaki Ohba Endemic Basionym: Gormania laxa Britton in N. L. Britton and J. N. Rose, New N. Amer. Crassul., 29. 1903 Treatment appears in FNA Volume
4 KB (360 words) - 18:17, 6 November 2020
, Mo., Miss., N.C., N.Dak., N.Mex., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Vt., N.H., Nebr., Alta., B.C., Greenland, Man., N.B., Nfld. and
7 KB (577 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa, Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., Mont., N.Dak., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., Nev., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., Utah, Va., Vt., W.Va., Wash
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Species of Prenanthes. Ph.D. dissertation. Purdue University. Singhurst, J. R., R. J. O’Kennon, and W. C. Holmes. 2004. The genus Prenanthes (Asteraceae: Lactuceae)
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N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., Nev., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., Utah, Vt., Wash., Wis., Wyo., Europe, Asia, Africa (Morocco). Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora). None
5 KB (377 words) - 19:37, 6 November 2020
Conn., N.J., N.Y., N.Mex., Wash., Va., W.Va., Mich., Del., D.C, Wis., Idaho, Mont., Oreg., Wyo., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Md., Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I
6 KB (448 words) - 20:10, 22 September 2022
Adams, R. M. and W. J. Dress. 1982. Nodding Lilium species of eastern North America (Liliaceae). Baileya 21: 165–188. Elwes, H. J. 1880. A Monograph of
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scariosum var. toiyabense Nuttall Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 420. 1841. David J. Keil Common names: Meadow or elk thistle chardon écailleux Illustrated
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Ill., Ind., La., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mont., N.C., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., Tex., Utah, Va., Vt., Wis., Wyo., temperate
4 KB (344 words) - 19:37, 6 November 2020
grandiflora var. grandiflora (Nuttall) Torrey & A. Gray Fl. N. Amer. 2: 485. 1843. David J. Bogler Common names: Largeflower skeletonplant Endemic Basionym:
5 KB (336 words) - 19:30, 6 November 2020
occidentalis, Ranunculus occidentalis var. ultramontanus Nuttall in J. Torrey & A. Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1: 22. 1838. Alan T. Whittemore Endemic Treatment appears
5 KB (321 words) - 17:59, 6 November 2020
gracilis subsp. sonomensis, Clarkia gracilis subsp. tracyi (Piper) A. Nelson & J. F. Macbride Bot. Gaz. 65: 63. 1918. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Common names:
4 KB (325 words) - 11:32, 9 May 2022
Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex
10 KB (1,200 words) - 21:38, 5 November 2020
Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Minn., Mont., N.Dak., N.Mex., Nebr., Nev., Oreg., S.Dak., Tex., Utah, Wash., Wyo., n Mexico. Subspecies 7 (7 in the flora). Crepis
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mostly diploid (n = 3, 4, 5, or 6). Babcock concluded that there was a progressive decrease in the chromosome numbers, from n = 6 to n = 3. Along with
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C., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., Que., Ala., Ark., Calif., Conn., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Kans., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Y.,
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Argyrochosma jonesii, Argyrochosma limitanea, Argyrochosma microphylla (J. Smith) Windham Amer. Fern J. 77: 38. 1987. Michael D. Windham Etymology: Greek argyros,
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Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., Mo., Mont., N.C., N.Dak., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Nebr., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., Tenn., Tex., Va., Vt
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Bates, D. M., L. J. Dorr, and O. J. Blanchard. 1989. Chromosome numbers in Callirhoe (Malvaceae). Brittonia 41: 143–151. Dorr, L. J. 1990. A revision
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Oönopsis foliosa. Bricker, J. S. and G. K. Brown. 1998. A molecular phylogeny for Oönopsis (Asteraceae). [Abstract.] Amer. J. Bot. 85(6, suppl.): 170. Brown
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psammophilus, Elymus lanceolatus subsp. riparius (Scribn. & J.G. Sm.) Gould Mary E. Barkworth, Julian J.N. Campbell, Bjorn Salomon Synonyms: Agropyron dasystachyum
5 KB (533 words) - 17:23, 11 May 2021
Nakai 1937, 1937b; N. S. Lee 1985, 1985b). Generic size further depends on inclusion or not of the closely related Melanthium (J. D. Ambrose 1975, 1980;
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Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.Dak., Utah, Vt., Wash., Wis., Wyo., Mexico, South America, n Europe, n Asia. This
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perennials by J. S. Mooring. Constance, L. 1937. A systematic study of the genus Eriophyllum Lag. Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 18: 69–136. Mooring, J. S. 1997.
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La., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Vt., Va., W
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the caryopses. x = 7. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Del., D.C, Wis., Alta., B.C., Greenland, Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., N.W.T., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask
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brown, x = 10, 12. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., Del., D.C, Wis., W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Ont., Fla., N.H., Tenn., N.Mex., Tex., La., Ala., Ark
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Generated Map Legacy Map Alta., B.C., Man., N.W.T., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont., N.Dak., N.Mex., Nebr., Nev., Oreg., S.Dak., Utah
9 KB (819 words) - 18:16, 6 November 2020
Consaul, L. L., S. I. Warwick, and J. McNeill. 1991. Allozyme variation in the Polygonum lapathifolium complex. Canad. J. Bot. 69: 2261–2270. Dalci, M. 1972
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megacarpus Nuttall N. Amer. Sylv. 2: 46. 1846. Clifford L. Schmidt†, Dieter H. Wilken Endemic Basionym: Ceanothus macrocarpus Nuttall in J. Torrey and A. Gray
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Kans., Ky., Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Mont., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., Tenn., Tex., Va., Wash.,
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Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., Wash
5 KB (555 words) - 21:38, 5 November 2020
lycopodioides, Cassiope mertensiana, Cassiope tetragona D. Don Edinburgh New Philos. J. 17: 157. 1834 ,. Gary D. Wallace Common names: Mountain heather Etymology:
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Elevation: 0–600 m Generated Map Legacy Map N.S., Ala., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., La., Md., Mass., Miss., N.J., N.Y., N.C., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Va., West Indies
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w North America, n Mexico. Species 15 (14 in the flora). For discussion of relationships, see under Brodiaea. Molecular evidence (J. C. Pires 2000) suggests
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be recently introduced to North America from Europe. In the treatment by N. J. Maihle and W. H. Blackwell (1978) only three species were reported for North
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2. 1794. Charles N. Horn Common names: Mud plantain Etymology: Greek heteros, different, and antheros, anther Synonyms: Eurystemon E. J. Alexander Heterandra Palisot
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Generated Map Legacy Map N.B., N.S., Ont., Que., Conn., Del., D.C., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I
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beaked, x = 7. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Del., D.C, Wis., W.Va., Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., Wyo., N.Mex., Tex., La., Tenn., N.C., S.C., Pa., Alaska
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39: 209–486. Chamberlain, D. F. and S. J. Rae. 1990. A revision of Rhododendron IV. Subgenus Tsutsusi. Edinburgh J. Bot. 47: 89–200. Chamberlain, D. F. et
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Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Mo., Mont., Nebr., Nev., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Utah, Vt
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Clemants, Sergei L. Mosyakin Basionym: Fremontiana Standley in N. L. Britton et al., N. Amer. Fl. 21: 18. 1916 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment
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Legacy Map N.B., N.S., Ont., Que., Ala., Ark., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.C., N.H., N
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x = 7. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Del., D.C, Wis., W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., Fla., Wyo., Utah, N.Mex., Tex., La.
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genusAplectrum Show Lower Taxa Aplectrum hyemale (Nuttall) Torrey Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 197. 1818. Charles J. Sheviak, Paul M. Catling Common names: Putty-root Adam-and-Eve aplectrum
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genusAmerorchis Show Lower Taxa Amerorchis rotundifolia Hultén Ark. Bot., n. s. 7: 34. 1968. Charles J. Sheviak, Paul M. Catling Common names: Round-leaved orchis
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St. Pierre and Miquelon, Nfld. and Labr., N.S., Ont., Que., Ga., Maine, Mass., Mich., Minn., N.H., N.Y., N.C., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., possibly Europe
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Naturalist 26: 66. 1941. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis J. Menapace* Common names: Dwarf spike-rush Illustrated
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traditionally placed in Bryum sect. Rosulata (Müller Hal.) J. J. Amann, as very few taxa extend beyond 20° N latitude. The most widespread representatives of Rosulabryum
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Sileneae (Caryophyllaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 20: 743–748. Williams, F. N. 1896b. A revision of the genus Silene Linn. J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 32: 1–196. Silene
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(Compositae, tribe Mutisieae, subtribe Mutisiinae). Nordic J. Bot. 9: 469–485. Kim, H. G., D. J. Lookerman, and R. K. Jansen. 2002. Systematic implications
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Legacy Map Ala., Conn., Del., Ga., Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Miss., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va. Lygodium palmatum
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Schoenoplectus hallii, Schoenoplectus saximontanus (Chermezon) J. Raynal Adansonia, n. s. 16: 130. 1976. S. Galen Smith Basionym: Scirpus sect. Supini Chermezon
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Man., N.B., N.W.T., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), Ont., Que., Sask., Yukon, Alaska, Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Maine, Mich., Minn., Mont., N.Dak., N.Mex.,
6 KB (596 words) - 17:57, 6 November 2020