of Epilobium); ovular vascular system exclusively transseptal (R. H. Eyde 1981); ovule archesporium multicellular (H. Tobe and P. H. Raven 1996); and change
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tridentata, Artemisia tripartita (Rydberg) McArthur Amer. J. Bot. 68: 590. 1981. Leila M. Shultz Basionym: Tridentatae Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al., N
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Saueranthus (Linnaeus) Aellen ex K. R. Robertson J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 283. 1981. Sergei L. Mosyakin, Kenneth R. Robertson Basionym: Undefined subg. Acnida Linnaeus
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double ovule vascular supply, uniquely including a central supply (R. H. Eyde 1981), single-celled ovule archesporium (H. Tobe and P. H. Raven 1996), and a
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12–22 orbiculate to spatulate scales. North America, Mexico. H. Robinson (1981) suggested that Hymenopappinae is related to Gaillardiinae and other "core"
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America and an annotated key to the taxa. Phytologia 44: 177–214. Zander, R. H. 1981. Descriptions and illustrations of Barbula, Pseudocrossidium and Bryoerythrophyllum
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Engler and K. Prantl (1887–1915) and by R. K. F. Pilger (1925). A. Cronquist (1981) placed Cochlospermum and Amoreuxia in Bixaceae in the Violales, suggesting
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based on more or less regional studies (H. K. Svenson 1957; T. V. Egorova 1981; I. Kukkonen 1990). A study using limited DNA data from 30 species (E. H
13 KB (1,284 words) - 21:44, 5 November 2020
crassifolium are Malephora crocea (Jacquin) Schwantes (W. R. Ferren Jr. et al. 1981). Disphyma crassifolium has clavate leaves, long, terete peduncles, densely
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Helenieae (epaleate genera), as Bahiinae and Gaillardiinae. H. Robinson (1981) listed 35 subtribes for Heliantheae, including transfers of all of traditional
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with 11 new combinations in Minuartia. Rhodora 82: 495–502. Wofford, B. E. 1981. External seed morphology of Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae) of the southeastern
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Myoporaceae (three or four genera and 125 species, in the sense of A. Cronquist 1981) is warranted based on its close similarity to Leucophylleae. Morphological
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species ca. 160 (53 in the flora). Some genera included by A. Cronquist (1981) in Grossulariaceae are now placed in separate families. Of the genera native
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(Petiveria, Rivina, Trichostigma), and Agdestidaceae (Agdestis). A. Cronquist (1981) wrote that “each of the several segregate families … appears to be a natural
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Botrychium speciesBotrychium paradoxum W. H. Wagner Amer. Fern J. 71: 24. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner Common names: Paradox moonwort
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familyIsoëtaceae genusIsoëtes speciesIsoëtes acadiensis Kott Canad. J. Bot. 59: 2592. 1981. W. Carl Taylor, Neil T. Luebke, Donald M. Britton, R. James Hickey, Daniel
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here in Heterotheca and all species treated here in Pityopsis (J. C. Semple 1981, 1996, literature cited therein). The two annual species of Bradburia are
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holoparasitic members traditionally included in the family (A. Cronquist 1981) and the hemiparasitic genera formerly included in Scrophulariaceae. Although
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the family occur outside of the flora area (H. Akiyama 1990; M. G. Manuel 1981). Other genera of the flora area (for example, Alsia, Forsstroemia) have
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appears to be relatively isolated among epaleate Heliantheae (H. Robinson 1981). B. G. Baldwin et al. (2002) included Lycapsus Philippi in Peritylinae.
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The relationships of the family are not a matter of dispute (A. Cronquist 1981; R. C. Carolin 1987); the same cannot be said for the relationships and delimitations
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pollination syndrome (D. C. Michener 1981, 1982). Leaf morphology is typical of drought-deciduous plants (Michener 1981). Varieties are recognized in part
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prevalent in Andean South America (Hufford et al.). Brown, D. K. and R. B. Kaul. 1981. Floral structure and mechanism in Loasaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 68: 361–372.
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has been included in Grimmiaceae by some authors, e.g., S. P. Churchill (1981), E. Lawton (1971), and A. Noguchi and Z. Iwatsuki (1987+, part 2), but it
4 KB (316 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
and the Hawaiian Islands. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 96: 235–283. Robertson, K. R. 1981. The genera of Amaranthaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold
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dimorphophylla var. paysonii (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Senecio dimorphophyllus Greene
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of Vascular Plants. 1+ vol. Berlin etc. Vol. 1, pp. 52--56. Reichstein, T. 1981. Hybrids in European Aspleniaceae (Pteridophyta). Bot. Helv. 91: 89--139
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to warrant the inclusion of the genus in the Juncaginaceae (A. Cronquist 1981). Molecular evidence also corroborates the close relationship between Lilaea
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Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 89: 62–71. Gillett, J. M. and N. K. B. Robson. 1981. The St. John’s worts of Canada (Guttiferae). Publ. Bot. (Ottawa) 11: 1–40
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Classification of Saxifragaceae has been varied and controversial (e.g., A. Cronquist 1981; H. G. A. Engler 1930; J. Hutchinson 1973; G. K. W. Schulze-Menz 1964b; A
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bolanderi var. harfordii (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 45. 1981. Debra K. Trock Endemic Basionym: Senecio bolanderi A. Gray Proc. Amer. Acad
4 KB (296 words) - 19:32, 6 November 2020
neomexicana var. toumeyi (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Basionym: Senecio neomexicanus A. Gray in A. Gray et al.
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pseudaurea var. semicordata (Rydberg) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 48. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: False-gold groundsel Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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var. lewisrosei (Torrey & A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Endemic Basionym: Senecio eurycephalus Torrey & A. Gray Mem
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data, especially the presence of mustard oils. Traditionally (A. Cronquist 1981), the family has been associated with the Geraniaceae in the Geraniales because
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Eleocharis torticulmis T. V. Egorova Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 101. 1981. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis
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speciesPseudocryphaea domingensis (Sprengel) W. R. Buck Bryologist 83: 455. 1981. William R. Buck Illustrated Basionym: Neckera domingensis Sprengel Syst
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170. 1971. Wilfred B. Schofield† Etymology: For Roelof van der Wijk, 1895 – 1981, Dutch bryologist Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 582
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hesperium (Maxon & R. T. Clausen) W. H. Wagner & Lellinger Amer. Fern J. 71: 92. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner Common names: Western moonwort
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Botrychium speciesBotrychium crenulatum W. H. Wagner Amer. Fern J. 71: 21. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner Common names: Dainty moonwort Endemic
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Morrison 2000) strongly supports extensive dismemberment of A. Cronquist’s (1981, 1988, 1993) very broadly circumscribed Liliaceae. No fewer than 30 segregate
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includes it in Ebenaceae (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2003); A. Cronquist (1981) and the original APG classification (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998) kept
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Cucurbitaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Malesherbiaceae, and Turneraceae (A. Cronquist 1981); they are currently considered to be most closely related to the latter
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adaptation to different pollinators in different parts of its range (R. B. Miller 1981). Four weakly differentiated varieties are recognized. Aquilegia coerulea
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proposed reestablishment of Anacheilium and Hormidium (G. F. Pabst et al. 1981; R. P. Sauleda et al. 1984), was based mainly on Brazilian species and did
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associated with Saxifragaceae (such as by J. D. Hooker 1865b, A. Cronquist 1981), but broad-scale phylogenetic analyses utilizing DNA sequences have aligned
7 KB (513 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
to development of disease-resistant elms (R. J. Stipes and R. J. Campana 1981). Various hybridization projects, including cloning of disease-resistant
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to Achnatherum. After considering various additional characters (Barkworth 1981, 1982), Barkworth (1993) transferred most North American species of Stipa
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Echinacea (e.g., P. O. Karis and O. Ryding 1994). Here, we follow H. Robinson (1981) in placing Echinacea in Ecliptinae. In keys and descriptions for Ratibida
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indica var. gregaria (Mitten) R. H. Zander Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 2: 6. 1981,. Richard H. Zander Basionym: Tortula gregaria J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.
3 KB (188 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
America (Rogers and R. Mildner 1976), southern Africa (Rogers 1981), and Madagascar (Rogers 1981b). This treatment draws largely on his work and follows his
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classifications. Syst. Bot. 5: 149-172. Nowicke, J. W. and J. J. Skvarla. 1981. Pollen morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the Berberidaceae. Smithsonian
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Eremogone hookeri var. pinetorum (Nuttall) W. A. Weber Brittonia 33: 326. 1981. Ronald L. Hartman, Richard K. Rabeler, Frederick H. Utech Common names:
3 KB (293 words) - 18:07, 6 November 2020
genusCypripedium speciesCypripedium kentuckiense C. F. Reed Phytologia 48: 426, fig. 1981. Charles J. Sheviak Common names: Ivory lady’s-slipper purloined slipper
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Arct. URSS 10: 117. 1987. Luc Brouillet Etymology: For Eric Hultén, 1894–1981, Swedish botanist, specialist of the circumpolar flora Basionym: Dendranthema
3 KB (290 words) - 20:57, 5 November 2020
Physaria lepidota subsp. membranacea Rollins Brittonia 33: 335, figs. 1, 2. 1981. Steve L. O’Kane Jr. Common names: Kane County twinpod Endemic Treatment
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been regarded as the sole genus of the family Splachnobryaceae (A. Koponen 1981). Previously the genus was placed in the Pottiaceae or in the Splachnaceae
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membrane and often have a prostome. Selected references Churchill, S. P. 1981. A phylogenetic analysis, classification and synopsis of the genera of the
8 KB (825 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
have been reported (Do V. C. et al. 1989). V. M. Bates and E. T. Browne (1981) reported A. filiculoides from Georgia, far removed from its main range in
3 KB (291 words) - 21:21, 5 November 2020
Agavaceae (Yucca, Hesperaloe, Agave, Manfreda, and Furcraea). A. Cronquist (1981) based his broadly circumscribed Agavaceae on a common xerophytic habit.
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divided the combined genus into four subgenera, whereas J. E. Rodman et al. (1981) and A. R. Kruckeberg and J. L. Morrison (1983) recognized subgenera and
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Violaceae has been placed in the Violales by most authors (A. Cronquist 1981; R. F. Thorne 1992; A. L. Takhtajan 1997). Based on data from cladistic analyses
8 KB (963 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
Botrychium speciesBotrychium montanum W. H. Wagner Amer. Fern J. 71: 29. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner Common names: Western goblin Endemic
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Chrysothamnus nauseosus subsp. iridis L. C. Anderson Great Basin Naturalist 41: 311. 1981 Synonyms: Chrysothamnus nauseosus var. iridis (L. C. Anderson) S. L. Welsh
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genusLycopodiella speciesLycopodiella appressa (Chapman) Cranfill Amer. Fern J. 71: 97. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Joseph M. Beitel Common names: Appressed bog club-moss
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speciesLycopodiella alopecuroides (Linnaeus) Cranfill Amer. Fern J. 71: 97. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Joseph M. Beitel Common names: Foxtail bog club-moss
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subg. Botrychium speciesBotrychium mormo W. H. Wagner Amer. Fern J. 71: 26. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner Common names: Little goblin EndemicConservation
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The circumscription of Gaillardiinae adopted here is that of H. Robinson (1981). In studies of epaleate Heliantheae, B. G. Baldwin adopted a narrower circumscription
8 KB (488 words) - 21:07, 5 November 2020
edaphically restricted (J. B. Glad 1976; H. J. Thompson and A. M. Powell 1981; C. M. Christy 1997; N. H. Holmgren and P. K. Holmgren 2002; Brokaw et al
10 KB (926 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
Circumscription of Helianthinae adopted here (i.e., that of H. Robinson 1981) is narrower than traditional circumscriptions (e.g., T. F. Stuessy 1977[1978])
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varietyCampylopus atrovirens var. cucullatifolius J.-P. Frahm Bryologist 83: 574, fig. 1. 1981,. Jan-Peter Frahm Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 369
2 KB (129 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
for the reestablishment of Anacheilium and Hormidium (G. F. Pabst et al. 1981; R. P. Sauleda et al. 1984) were based mainly on Brazilian species and did
4 KB (419 words) - 22:12, 5 November 2020
Moçiño & Sessé ex de Candolle, retained in Simaroubaceae by A. Cronquist (1981) but placed in Surianaceae by other authors, and Stylobasium Desfontaines
3 KB (355 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
anatomy but lacks an abaxial epidermis. See B. C. Tan et al. (1981) and Zander (1979, 1981, 1994n) for extensive discussion of the taxonomy and distribution
7 KB (667 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
information has led to much debate about who named Euthamia (D. J. Sieren 1981; K. N. Gandhi 1999; G. L. Nesom 1999; J. L. Strother 2000). I consider correct
6 KB (465 words) - 21:01, 5 November 2020
lobes to shorter (to 3 cm) with shorter spatulate lobes (H. H. Poppendieck 1981). All parts of Amoreuxia palmatifida, especially the root, have been used
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F. 1973. A revision of Digitaria in Malesia. Blumea 21:1-80 Webster, R.D. 1981. A biosystematic study of the Digitaria sanguinalis complex in North America
19 KB (857 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
hispidula var. versicolor (R. P. St. John) Lellinger Amer. Fern J. 71: 94. 1981. Alan R. Smith Common names: Variable maiden fern St. John's shield fern
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genusCystopteris speciesCystopteris reevesiana Lellinger Amer. Fern J. 71: 92. 1981. Christopher H. Haufler, Robbin C. Moran, Michael D. Windham Common names:
4 KB (355 words) - 21:23, 5 November 2020
platyneuron is often given as Oakes ex D. C. Eaton; see D. B. Lellinger (1981) for justification of the authorship employed here. Asplenium platyneuron
5 KB (465 words) - 21:23, 5 November 2020
fundamental basal split recognized in all phylogenetic studies (R. H. Eyde 1981; P. C. Hoch et al. 1993; R. A. Levin et al. 2003, 2004; V. S. Ford and L
12 KB (806 words) - 17:42, 2 December 2022
the flora). The circumscription of Coreopsidinae followed here (H. Robinson 1981) is a bit narrower than the traditional one. The subtribe is remarkable among
7 KB (547 words) - 21:12, 5 November 2020
Ståhl and A. A. Anderberg 2004). As typically described (e.g., A. Cronquist 1981; V. H. Heywood 1978), Primulaceae were clearly polyphyletic, closely related
9 KB (958 words) - 23:44, 5 November 2020
evidence that the Rafflesiaceae as traditionally circumscribed (A. Cronquist 1981; W. Meijer 1993) are polyphyletic and includes three or four independent
4 KB (395 words) - 23:23, 5 November 2020
species 27 (3 genera, 10 species in the flora). As noted by H. Robinson (1981), traditionally, Flaveria and Sartwellia were treated in Helenieae, Haploësthes
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varietySpiranthes casei var. novaescotiae Catling Canad. J. Bot. 59: 1261. 1981. Charles J. Sheviak, Paul Martin Brown Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26
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subspeciesMacrocoma tenuis subsp. sullivantii (Müller Hal.) Vitt Bryologist 83: 413. 1981. Dale H. Vitt Illustrated Basionym: Macromitrium sullivantii Bot. Zeitung
3 KB (192 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
speciesCaulophyllum giganteum (Farwell) Loconte & W. H. Blackwell Phytologia 49: 483. 1981. Henry Loconte Endemic Basionym: Caulophyllum thalictroides var. giganteum Farwell
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It has been characterized as opposite (C. F. Reed 1970; K. R. Robertson 1981; F. Shreve and I. L. Wiggins 1964; P. C. Standley 1917b) or alternate to
6 KB (585 words) - 23:01, 5 November 2020
an illegitimate name replaced by Virgulus (J. L. Reveal and C. S. Keener 1981). A. G. Jones (1980) treated the group as a subgenus within Aster in a broad
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crassinervia as a synonym of A. rothii, following M. F. V. Corley et al. (1981), while infraspecific taxa are not recognized. The costa may be interpreted
5 KB (320 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
North America; there are disjuncts in western South America. H. Robinson (1981) treated Baeriinae as a relatively isolated element among epaleate subtribes
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ornamental and its fruits are eaten raw or bottled in syrup and sold (A. Cronquist 1981). Prance, G. T. 1970. The genera of Chrysobalanaceae in the southeastern
4 KB (336 words) - 20:18, 5 November 2020
flora). Iteaceae, which has been included in Grossulariaceae (A. Cronquist 1981) or Escalloniaceae (R. F. Thorne 1992b), has a disjunct distribution, with
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submerged in Buxaceae or as a separate family near Buxaceae (A. Cronquist 1981), or in the Hamamelidae as its own order (A. L. Takhtajan 1997). Recent molecular
3 KB (231 words) - 20:14, 5 November 2020
included in the traditional Capparaceae by some authors, including A. Cronquist (1981). Recent molecular studies support its removal from Capparaceae and a relationship
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C. Chinnappa 1981; Kim and Turner). Chambers, K. L. 2004. Taxonomic notes on Krigia (Asteraceae). Sida 21: 225–236. Chinnappa, C. C. 1981. Cytological
8 KB (653 words) - 20:53, 5 November 2020
(Clusiaceae). Ph.D. dissertation. University of Mississippi. Robson, N. K. B. 1981. Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae) 2. Characters of the genus
9 KB (862 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
sometimes given tribal rank, as Tageteae. Here, we have followed H. Robinson (1981). The group is usually distinguished on the basis of schizogenous glands
7 KB (477 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
genus, Hydrogrimmia. This concept was followed by M. F. V. Corley et al. (1981). However, there are no significant morphological characters to separate
4 KB (365 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
(Hydrocharitaceae). Aquatic Bot. 17: 1--27. Díaz-Miranda, D., D. Philcox, and P. Denny. 1981. Taxonomic clarification of Limnobium Rich. and Hydromystria G. W. F. Meyer
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rhizophyllum to produce A. × shawneense (R. C. Moran) H. E. Ballard (R. C. Moran 1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Asplenium
3 KB (189 words) - 21:22, 5 November 2020
taxonomically difficult. Discussions of Fabronia by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) and W. R. Buck (1994b) are enlightening with respect to taxonomic problems
3 KB (184 words) - 22:37, 5 November 2020
are pollen-sterile (R. V. Kesseli and S. K. Jain 1984, 1987). W. H. Parker (1981) reported that the corollas of Limnanthes douglasii subsp. douglasii and
8 KB (997 words) - 23:32, 5 November 2020
coexist, and they usually show intermediate ecologic preferences (H. Toivonen 1981). Hybrids are intermediate in morphology and some show hybrid vigor. They
8 KB (425 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
speciesPackera antennariifolia (Britton) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 45. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Shalebarren ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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speciesPackera clevelandii (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Cleveland’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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speciesPackera greenei (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Flame ragwort EndemicConservation concern Basionym:
3 KB (270 words) - 21:00, 5 November 2020
speciesPackera hesperia (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Western ragwort EndemicConservation concern
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speciesDouglasia idahoensis Douglass M. Henderson Brittonia 33: 52, fig. 1. 1981 ,. Sylvia Kelso Common names: Idaho dwarf primrose Endemic Treatment appears
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oederianus (Swartz) H. A. Crum & L. E. Anderson Mosses E. N. Amer. 1: 636. 1981. Dana G. Griffin III Illustrated Basionym: Bartramia oederiana Swartz J.
3 KB (226 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
speciesPackera bernardina (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 45. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: San Bernardino ragwort EndemicConservation
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subspeciesDelphinium carolinianum subsp. vimineum (D. Don) M. J. Warnock Syst. Bot. 6: 49. 1981. Michael J. Warnock Common names: Pine woods larkspur blue larkspur Gulf
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speciesPackera cardamine (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Bittercress ragwort IllustratedEndemicConservation
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speciesLycopodiella prostrata (R. M. Harper) Cranfill Amer. Fern J. 71: 97. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Joseph M. Beitel Common names: Prostrate bog club-moss
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speciesPackera flettii (Wiegand) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Flett’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio flettii Wiegand
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speciesEccremidium floridanum H. A. Crum Bryologist 84: 531, figs. 1–10. 1981,. William R. Buck Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 462
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speciesIsothecium alopecuroides (Lamarck ex Dubois) Isoviita Ann. Bot. Fenn. 18: 202. 1981. Wilfred B. Schofield† Basionym: Hypnum alopecuroides Lamarck ex Dubois Méth
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subspeciesCarex canescens subsp. disjuncta (Fernald) Toivonen Ann. Bot. Fenn. 18: 94. 1981. Heikki Toivonen Common names: Carex disjoint IllustratedEndemic Basionym:
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Phaeostoma speciesClarkia unguiculata Lindley Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 23: sub plate 1981. 1837. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Common names: Elegant or woodland clarkia mountain
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speciesPackera breweri (Burtt Davy) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Brewer’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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speciesPackera debilis (Nuttall) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Weak groundsel Endemic Basionym: Senecio debilis Nuttall
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speciesPackera franciscana (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: San Francisco Peaks ragwort EndemicConservation
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(T. M. Barkley & R. M. Beauchamp) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Gander’s ragwort EndemicConservation concern
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genusPohlia speciesPohlia andrewsii A. J. Shaw Bryologist 84: 70, figs. 11 – 34. 1981. A. Jonathan Shaw Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 208
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straight. North America, n Mexico. Species 3 (3 in the flora). Warnock, M. J. 1981. Biosystematics of the Delphinium carolinianum complex (Ranunculaceae). Syst
3 KB (222 words) - 22:51, 5 November 2020
perforation plates with many bars suggests Magnoliales or Annonales (A. Cronquist 1981; R. M. T. Dahlgren 1980; H. Melchoir and W. Schultze-Motel 1959; R. F. Thorne
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uncertain. Various alliances have been suggested: Hamamelidales (A. Cronquist 1981), Sapindales (R. M. T. Dahlgren 1980), and Rutales (R. F. Thorne 1983) of
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be best treated as a unigeneric family near the Lamiaceae; A. Cronquist (1981) placed it within the Lamiaceae. Polypremum has often been placed in the
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species among the octoploid members of the complex," but later Stebbins (1981) stated that "... all the North American octoploids. . . should be united
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and L. A. S. Johnson. 1989. Casuarinaceae. In: R. Robertson et al., eds. 1981+. Flora of Australia. 14+ vols. Canberra. Vol. 3, pp. 100-174. Woodall, S
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Additional information may be found in B. G. Baldwin et al. (2002), H. Robinson (1981), and B. Nordenstam (1977[1978]). Senecionid shrubs with ovate to elliptic
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Genera 17, species ca. 240 (9 genera, 25 species in the flora). A. Cronquist (1981) placed Hydrangeaceae among a group of woody families traditionally allied
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stamens. The affinities of the family have been controversial. A. Cronquist (1981) outlined the problems, noting that the presence of an aril (and some embryologic
5 KB (477 words) - 23:53, 5 November 2020
Marshalliinae was related to epaleate subtribes of Heliantheae by H. Robinson (1981), rather than to Eupatorieae, as suggested by T. F. Stuessy (1977[1978])
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(Simpson et al. 1977). Female bees rupture the cuticle (J. L. Neff and Simpson 1981) and collect the oils for nest linings (S. B. Vinson et al. 1996) and larval
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subgenus Coptophyllum. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 36: 349--482. Mickel, J. T. 1981. The fern genus Anemia (Schizaeaceae) subgenus Anemiorrhiza. Brittonia 33:
3 KB (248 words) - 21:24, 5 November 2020
of Penthorum within Rosales has been disputed extensively. A. Cronquist (1981) considered it to be transitional between Crassulaceae and Saxifragaceae
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speciesPackera fendleri (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Fendler’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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speciesPackera crocata (Rydberg) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Saffron ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio crocatus Rydberg
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speciesPackera hartiana (A. Heller) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Hart’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio hartianus A
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Windham Basionym: Arabis pulchra var. duchesnensis Rollins Syst. Bot. 6: 59. 1981 Synonyms: Boechera pulchra var. duchesnensis (Rollins) Dorn Treatment appears
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speciesEcheandia flavescens (Schultes & Schultes f.) Cruden Sida 9: 146. 1981. Robert W. Cruden Illustrated Basionym: Anthericum flavescens Schultes &
4 KB (396 words) - 22:14, 5 November 2020
Physarieae genusPhysaria speciesPhysaria eburniflora Rollins Brittonia 33: 333. 1981. Steve L. O’Kane Jr. Common names: Devils Gate twinpod Endemic Treatment
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genusPackera speciesPackera cana (Hooker) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Woolly groundsel IllustratedEndemic Basionym:
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speciesPackera cynthioides (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: White Mountain ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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genusPohlia speciesPohlia tundrae A. J. Shaw Bryologist 84: 65, figs. 1 – 10. 1981. A. Jonathan Shaw Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 204
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Quercus speciesQuercus cornelius-mulleri Nixon & K. P. Steele Madroño 28: 210. 1981. Kevin C. Nixon Common names: Muller oak Illustrated Treatment appears in
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speciesPackera anonyma (Alph. Wood) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 45. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Small’s ragwort IllustratedEndemic Basionym:
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speciesHuperzia miyoshiana (Makino) Ching Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3(3): 303, 304. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Joseph M. Beitel Common names: Pacific fir-moss lycopode
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infusion of the flowers is used for ptomaine poisoning, and M. L. Zigmond (1981) stated that the Kawaiisu used mashed flowers as a salve for gonorrheal sores
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genera, but resembles Munroa, in its leafy-bracteate inflorescence (Caro 1981). Seedlings of Dasyochloa, like those of Erioneuron, are shaggy-white-villous
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disjunct locality in Clay County, where only two trees were recorded in 1981 (R.B. Figlar 1981). A survey in 1995 failed to locate the species in the same site
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Wyatt, R. 1981. Ant-pollination of the granite outcrop endemic Diamorpha smallii. Amer. J. Bot. 68: 1212–1217. Wyatt, R. and A. Stoneburner. 1981. Patterns
4 KB (436 words) - 23:43, 5 November 2020
flowering phenology of Diapensia lapponica is bimodal (R. T. Day and P. J. Scott 1981). In some populations, one group of plants flowers in May through June, and
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Tenn., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., n, c Europe. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) did not recognize as Andreaea crassinervia those eastern North American
4 KB (338 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
Names of New World cypresses (Cupressus). Phytologia 20: 429--445. Silba, J. 1981. Revision of Cupressus L. (Cupressaceae). Phytologia 49: 390--399. Wolf,
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including chemical evidence, were cited by Holmes (1981). For additional information, see Holmes (1981, 1993). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"
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in the flora). The circumscription of Ecliptinae adopted by H. Robinson (1981) and followed here differs from the treatment by P. O. Karis and O. Ryding
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weed flora of California rice fields. Aquatic Bot. 9:351-376 Carretero, J.L. 1981. El genero Echinochloa Beauv. en el sudeste de Europa. Anales Jard. Bot.
15 KB (1,345 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
the flora). Circumscription of Melampodiinae in the sense of H. Robinson (1981) is narrower than the traditional one (e.g., T. F. Stuessy 1973), which included
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new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17--52. Holttum, R. E. 1981. The genus Oreopteris (Thelypteridaceae). Kew Bull. 36: 223--226. Holttum
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werckleanum H. Christ, are in need of monographic work (R. G. Stolze 1981; A. R. Smith 1981; J. T. Mickel and J. M. Beitel 1988). None. None. window.proper
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(Inuleae–Compositae). New Zealand J. Bot. 9: 157–185. Hilliard, O. M. and B. L. Burtt. 1981. Some generic concepts in Compositae–Gnaphaliinae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 82:
21 KB (1,721 words) - 20:53, 5 November 2020
Theaceae should be defined to include only subfamily Theoideae of A. Cronquist (1981). These analyses place Theaceae in Ericales of the Asterid I clade (Angiosperm
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based on morphologic and chemical evidence (Clark; G. K. Brown and Clark 1981, 1982). R. C. Jackson (1979) and J. Grau (1976), more conservatively, have
7 KB (574 words) - 20:58, 5 November 2020
Zealand, Australia. Species 6 (1 in the flora). Dennis, W. M. and D. H. Webb. 1981. The distribution of Pilularia americana A. Br. (Marsileaceae) in North America
2 KB (176 words) - 21:22, 5 November 2020
face the stem axis, is morphologically abaxial (J. G. Croxdale 1978, 1979, 1981). Species ca. 10 (1 in the flora). None. Salvinia minima window.properti
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and Pacific Islands (Hawaii). Species 2 (1 in the flora). Karrfalt, E. E. 1981. The comparative and developmental morphology of the root system of Selaginella
2 KB (169 words) - 21:25, 5 November 2020
Seeds ca. 8-15. North America, Eurasia, circumboreal. Species 1. Warr, H. J. 1981. Variation in Vaccinium uliginosum in Northeastern North America. M.Sc. thesis
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(Hedwig) Hilferty ex H. A. Crum & L. E. Anderson Mosses E. N. Amer. 1: 169. 1981,. Howard A. Crum† Basionym: Dicranum schreberianum Hedwig Sp. Musc. Frond
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Physarieae genusPhysaria speciesPhysaria alpina Rollins Brittonia 33: 339. 1981. Steve L. O’Kane Jr. Common names: Avery Peak or alpine twinpod EndemicConservation
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Paronychioideae has been debated. Some workers (e.g., V. Bittrich 1993; A. Cronquist 1981) have considered them petals; we follow L. Petrusson and M. Thulin (1996)
22 KB (1,113 words) - 23:09, 5 November 2020
Genera 2, species ca. 45 (1 genus, 2 species in the flora). A. Cronquist (1981) classified Staphyleaceae within Sapindales. His circumscription of the family
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Eurasia, Africa (South Africa). Species 10–12 (3 in the flora). Crusio, W. E. 1981. Die Gattung Samolus. Inform. Z. A. G. Wasserpflanzen 11: 3–8. Ståhl, B.
4 KB (312 words) - 23:44, 5 November 2020
morphologically homogeneous throughout its disjunct range (H. H. Poppendieck 1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Amoreuxia"
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been included in Helenieae and Pseudoclappia in Senecioneae. H. Robinson (1981) suggested that the two genera are related to Varilla (Varillinae). None
3 KB (265 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
Ann. Bot. Fenn. 15: 101--106. Sarvela, J., D. M. Britton, and K. M. Pryer. 1981. Studies on the Gymnocarpium robertianum complex in North America. Rhodora
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been derived from Phytolaccaceae or a close common ancestor (A. Cronquist 1981), a relationship supported by J. Rodman et al. (1984) and S. R. Downie and
14 KB (1,274 words) - 22:57, 5 November 2020
M. 1981. Tradescantia bracteata Small and T. occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth in the Great Plains. [Abstract.] In: Botanical Society of America. 1981. Abstracts
6 KB (657 words) - 21:32, 5 November 2020
flora). The circumscription of Chaenactidinae used here (that of H. Robinson 1981) contrasts sharply with that of B. G. Baldwin (Baldwin and B. L. Wessa 2000;
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2 (1 in the flora). Varillinae may be allied with Clappiinae (H. Robinson 1981) or with Jaumeinae (P. O. Karis and O. Ryding 1994). None. Varilla window
3 KB (219 words) - 21:12, 5 November 2020
The family has been divided into three genera by some (e.g., A. Cronquist 1981): Magallana and Trophaeastrum, both monotypic and restricted to southern
3 KB (334 words) - 23:31, 5 November 2020
fully developed double peristome. According to H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981), the columella is persistent and exserted after dehiscence. Both species
4 KB (350 words) - 22:38, 5 November 2020
to establish and maintain (M. A. Dirr 1998). Clay, K. and N. C. Ellstrand. 1981. Stylar polymorphism in Epigaea repens, a dioecious species. Bull. Torrey
3 KB (295 words) - 23:47, 5 November 2020
parvifolia (A. S. Weakley 2007). As noted by R. K. Godfrey and J. W. Wooten (1981) and other authors, this combination of characters represents but one extreme
3 KB (311 words) - 23:45, 5 November 2020
1873) and in Coreopsidinae (T. F. Stuessy 1973). According to H. Robinson (1981), the “glands on the anther appendages” in Guardiola “are distinct and massive
3 KB (259 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
Caulophyllum is occasionally cultivated in woodland gardens. Brett, J. F. 1981. The Morphology and Taxonomy of Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. (Berberidaceae)
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(Orchidaceae) with sepaline spur. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 97: 548–574. Hammer, R. L. 1981. Finding new orchids: A contribution to the Orchidaceae of Florida. Fairchild
4 KB (271 words) - 22:13, 5 November 2020
Australian Cayratia sect. Discypharia Suessenguth (K. Suessenguth 1953; A. Latiff 1981). Causonis trifolia (Linnaeus) Rafinesque, native to southeast Asia and Australia
3 KB (263 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
Aphanorrhegma serratum has been reported from Texas by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981). I have seen only one collection (Duke) from that state, but the specimen
3 KB (280 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
continental Asia including Japan and Formosa. Sinensia 5: 23--91. Gordon, J. E. 1981. Arachniodes simplicior new to South Carolina and the United States. Amer
3 KB (303 words) - 21:24, 5 November 2020
included in Espejoa or Hypericophyllum (in Chaenactidinae). H. Robinson (1981) allied Jaumeinae with Clappiinae and Flaveriinae. None. Jaumea window.p
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Dimeresiinae was originally placed in a broadly circumscribed Inuleae. H. Robinson (1981) suggested possible relationships with Galinsoginae and/or Helianthinae.
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examining the adaxial surface, where they appear as green lines. Anton, A.M. 1981. The genus Tragus (Gramineae). Kew Bull. 36:55-61. Tragus australianus, Tragus
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varietyCroptilon hookerianum var. validum (Rydberg) E. B. Smith Sida 9: 61. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Endemic Basionym: Isopappus validus Rydberg Brittonia 1: 100
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varietyPolygonella polygama var. brachystachya (Meisner) Wunderlin Florida Sci. 44: 79. 1981. Craig C. Freeman Endemic Basionym: Polygonella brachystachya Meisner in
2 KB (118 words) - 23:08, 5 November 2020
arctolitoralis Jurtzev & V. V. Petrovsky Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66: 1045. 1981 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 145. Mentioned on page
2 KB (141 words) - 23:42, 5 November 2020
varietyCroptilon hookerianum var. graniticum (E. B. Smith) E. B. Smith Sida 9: 61. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Endemic Basionym: Haplopappus validus subsp. graniticus E.
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(Carlquist et al. 2003). Such a circumscription was used by H. Robinson (1981) and is followed here. In papers by B. G. Baldwin and B. Wessa (2000) and
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oppositifolia var. achyranthes (de Candolle) D. J. Keil & Stuessy Syst. Bot. 6: 280. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Illustrated Basionym: Dunantia achyranthes de Candolle in A
3 KB (256 words) - 21:09, 5 November 2020
on the hybrid origin of G. tesselata. Brittonia 28: 53–75. Kallunki, J. A. 1981. Reproductive biology of mixed-species populations of Goodyera (Orchidaceae)
5 KB (348 words) - 22:11, 5 November 2020
aggressive aquatic weed ever known in the tropics (T. D. Center and N. R. Spencer 1981; R. E. Fitzsimons and R. H. Vallejos 1986; W. T. Penfound and T. T. Earle
6 KB (754 words) - 16:44, 18 August 2021
from matK sequences. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 86:835-851 Soderstrom, T.R. 1981. The grass subfamily Centostecoideae. Taxon 30:614-616. Poaceae tribe Centotheceae
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borne on a peduncle, the juncture marked by two bracteoles (W. R. Anderson 1981). This morphology technically makes many inflorescences in the family cymose
10 KB (623 words) - 19:52, 26 April 2021
a diverse, poorly defined assemblage of xeric-adapted ferns (A. R. Smith 1981). Relationships among the North American, neotropical, and Eastern Hemisphere
11 KB (613 words) - 21:23, 5 November 2020
the flora). Batra, S. W. T., J. R. Coulson, P. H. Dunn, and P. E. Boldt. 1981. Insects and Fungi Associated with Carduus Thistles (Compositae). Washington
6 KB (421 words) - 20:51, 5 November 2020
flora). The broad circumscription of Capparaceae followed by A. Cronquist (1981) was similar to that of F. Pax and K. Hoffmann (1936). Traditionally, the
6 KB (595 words) - 23:32, 5 November 2020
and R. W. Schery. 1945. Cannaceae. In: R. E. Woodson Jr. et al., eds. 1943--1981. Flora of Panama. 41 fasc. St. Louis. [Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 32: 74--80
6 KB (713 words) - 21:32, 5 November 2020
Cook and M. S. Nicholls (1986, 1987), and G. E. Crow and C. B. Hellquist (1981). The worldwide monograph of Sparganium (by C. D. K. Cook and M. S. Nicholls
8 KB (651 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
figured in taxonomy in the past, according to H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) there is much overlap; but, similarly, their use of differences in margin
5 KB (554 words) - 22:29, 5 November 2020
both ends. Although the prorulae are small (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981 cited the cells as smooth), they are easily seen at 400× since they are relatively
3 KB (273 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
Hemisphere; one species is established in the Flora region. Welzen, P.C. van. 1981. A taxonomic revision of Arthraxon Beauv. (Gramineae). Blumea 27:255-300
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Jr. 1960. Trema. In: R. E. Woodson Jr. and R. W. Schery et al., eds. 1943-1981. Flora of Panama. 41 fasc. St. Louis. [Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47: 108-110
4 KB (393 words) - 22:51, 5 November 2020
America, Asia, Africa, Australia. Species 6 (1 in the flora). Crum, H. A. 1981. Eccremidium, a genus of Ditrichaceae new to the Americas. Bryologist 84:
3 KB (229 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
11. se United States. Species 1: se United States. Species 1 Dorr, L. J. 1981. The pollination ecology of Zenobia (Ericaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 68: 1325–1332
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Canadian weed list (I. V. Hall et al. 1973; A. A. Ismail and D. E. Yarborough 1981). Variety angustifolia has allelopathic effects on black spruce (Picea mariana)
3 KB (307 words) - 23:47, 5 November 2020
Australia, a few in Africa. Species ca. 17 (1 in the flora). Weber, J. L. 1981. A taxonomic revision of Cassytha (Lauraceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot
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South America. Species 5 (1 in the flora). Keil, D. J. and T. F. Stuessy. 1981. Systematics of Isocarpha (Compositae: Eupatorieae). Syst. Bot. 6: 258–287
3 KB (246 words) - 21:09, 5 November 2020
Legacy Map Introduced; Ala., Fla., Ga., N.C., S.C., South America. Prior to 1981, Portulaca amilis had been included conceptually within P. pilosa (A. E.
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Species of Fritillaria. M.A. thesis. Stanford University. Marchant, C. J. 1981. Fritillaria in British Columbia. Davidsonia 12: 19–25. Rix, E. M. and D
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belong to M. sect. Mikania in the sense of W. C. Holmes (1996). Holmes, W. C. 1981. Mikania (Compositae) of the United States. Sida 9: 147–158. Holmes, W. C
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var. rubiginosus (Mitten) R. H. Zander Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 2: 417. 1981,. Richard H. Zander Basionym: Barbula rubiginosa Kindberg J. Linn. Soc.,
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scopulinus G. L. Nesom & V. D. Roth J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 16: 39. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Rock fleabane Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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speciesPackera ionophylla (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Tehachapi ragwort EndemicConservation concern
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neomexicana var. mutabilis (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Endemic Basionym: Senecio mutabilis Greene Pittonia 4: 113
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speciesPackera schweinitziana (Nuttall) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 48. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Schweinitz’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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Basionym: Xanthocephalum petradoria S. L. Welsh & S. Goodrich Brittonia 33: 301. 1981 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 93. Mentioned on page
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genusCroptilon speciesCroptilon rigidifolium (E. B. Smith) E. B. Smith Sida 9: 60. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Stiff-leaf scratchdaisy Basionym: Haplopappus
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(Thériot & E. B. Bartram) R. H. Zander Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 2: 395. 1981,. Richard H. Zander Basionym: Didymodon mexicanus var. subulatus Thériot
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speciesXylorhiza cronquistii S. L. Welsh & N. D. Atwood Brittonia 33: 302, fig. 8. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Cronquist’s woody-aster EndemicConservation concern
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kingii var. barnebyana S. L. Welsh & Goodrich Brittonia 33: 299, fig. 5. 1981 Synonyms: Aster kingii var. barnebyana (S. L. Welsh & Goodrich) S. L. Welsh
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ovalifolium varietyEriogonum ovalifolium var. williamsiae Reveal Brittonia 33: 446. 1981. James L. Reveal Common names: Steamboat Springs wild buckwheat EndemicConservation
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speciesPackera macounii (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Siskiyou Mountain ragwort Endemic Basionym:
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speciesPackera millelobata (Rydberg) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Uinta ragwort Basionym: Senecio millelobatus Rydberg
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(Schleicher ex Hooker & Greville) R. H. Zander Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 2: 393. 1981,. Richard H. Zander Basionym: Tortula gracilis (Bridel) Bridel Edinburgh
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obtusifolium (Linnaeus) Hilliard & B. L. Burtt Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 82: 205. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Eastern rabbit-tobacco gnaphale à feuilles obtuses
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few southern states in the United States. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) suggested that the name has been misused to the extent that other North
3 KB (198 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
Although a proposal to reject Spergularia media as a confused name (J. Lambinon 1981) was rejected, some authors still favor that argument, preferring to use
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(Baker) Ching from Asia constitute the genus Oreopteris Holub (R. E. Holttum 1981). None. Thelypteris quelpaertensis window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"
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have these, though illustrated as such by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981). The exsiccat C. F. Austin, Musci Appalachiani 52 has a short seta and the
3 KB (205 words) - 22:29, 5 November 2020
Desmothamnus Small; Neopieris Britton Species 36 (5 in the flora). Judd, W. S. 1981. A monograph of Lyonia (Ericaceae). J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 63–209, 315–436
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species of Zephyranthes. Pl. Life 32: 67–80. Flory, W. S. and R. O. Flagg. 1981. Pyrolirion and Zephyranthes: Distinct genera. Bol. Soc. Brot., ser. 2, 53:
10 KB (844 words) - 22:15, 5 November 2020
concept of Arenaria is often used in North American works (e.g., B. E. Wofford 1981), splitting Arenaria is supported by morphological and molecular evidence
7 KB (503 words) - 23:07, 5 November 2020
studied by H. J. Price and colleagues (Price and Bachmann 1975; Price et al. 1981, 1983). Additional genetic studies, not referenced here, have involved three
11 KB (641 words) - 20:52, 5 November 2020
in the flora). Other members of Zaluzaniinae in the sense of H. Robinson (1981) have been placed in Neurolaeninae and in Helianthinae. None. Zaluzania window
3 KB (275 words) - 21:10, 5 November 2020
some Old World. Genera 6, species 32 (1 species in the flora). H. Robinson (1981) removed genera from traditional Milleriinae and placed them in other tribes
3 KB (312 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
Although the species has been listed for Georgia (W. H. Duncan and J. T. Kartesz 1981), I have seen no specimens from that state. A specimen collected by S. B
5 KB (582 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
subsequent dispersal along railroad lines (M. P. Widrlechner 1983). R. M. Arnold (1981, 1982) noted that self-compatibility, a short generation time, drought tolerance
4 KB (453 words) - 20:37, 5 November 2020
Appalachian Mountains are highly doubtful (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981). Some authors (D. H. Norris and J. R. Shevock 2004) refer all material of
5 KB (464 words) - 22:39, 5 November 2020