Search results

has been a matter of discussion. The question was revisited by R. Geesink (1969), who denied their stipular origin. The relationships of the family are not

chloroplast genomes. Syst. Bot. 25: 738–750. Reed, C. F. 1969. Nyctaginaceae. In: C. L. Lundell. 1942–1969. Flora of Texas. 3 vols. in parts. Dallas and Renner

probably C. confertiflora, C. eastwoodiae, and C. parryi; P. H. Raven 1962, 1969) or self-compatible; flowers diurnal, outcrossing and pollinated by mostly

substance that produces pain (E. L. Thurston and N. R. Lersten 1969). E. L. Thurston (1969) was not able to find these compounds in Urtica chamaedryoides

remaining two species, C. atwoodii and C. confertiflora (P. H. Raven 1962, 1969). Species of sect. Chylismia usually occur on sandy desert slopes, flats

subsp. arenosa (Linnaeus) Lawalrée Bull. Soc. Roy. Bot. Belgique 42: 242. 1969. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Basionym: Sisymbrium arenosum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 658

(O. Tippo 1938); this idea has been advanced by others (e.g., J. A. Doyle 1969; P. K. Endress 1977; M. W. Chase et al. 1993). The ancestor of more advanced

Canad. J. Bot. 51: 1629--1641. Hitchcock, C. L. 1969. Sparganiaceae. In: C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 1

Raven (1962) subdivided this species into 12 subspecies and, subsequently (1969), he combined two of them. The latter approach is used here. Only subsp.

multiflorum (Bentham) Reveal in J. E. Gunckel, Curr. Topics Pl. Sci., 237. 1969. James L. Reveal Basionym: Eriogonum sect. Micrantha Bentham Trans. Linn

subsp. sierrae P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 326, figs. 58, 59. 1969. Warren L. Wagner Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs glabrous, villous

var. californica, Parietaria hespera var. hespera B. D. Hinton Sida 3: 293. 1969. David E. Boufford Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Herbs, annual, 0.2-5

botanist Basionym: Physalastrum Monteiro Anais Congr. Soc. Bot. Brasil. 20: 395. 1969 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 274. Mentioned on page

sierrae subsp. alticola P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 329, fig. 59. 1969. Warren L. Wagner Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Flowers: floral tube

varietyAnemone virginiana var. cylindroidea B. Boivin Phytologia 18: 281. 1969. Bryan E. Dutton, Carl S. Keener, Bruce A. Ford Endemic Treatment appears

geyeri var. wheeleriana Warnock & M. C. Johnston SouthW. Naturalist 14: 128. 1969. Victor W. Steinmann, Jeffery J. Morawetz, Paul E. Berry, Jess A. Peirson

1986; D. R. Morgan and D. E. Soltis 1993; Soltis et al. 2001; A. L. Takhtajan 1969; R. F. Thorne 1992). Molecular phylogenetic analyses (M. W. Chase et al.

G. Baldwin, John L. Strother Etymology: For Jens Christian Clausen, 1891–1969, Californian botanist Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page

been used as food coloring and as a substitute for carmine dye (A. L. Bogle 1969). Extracts from B. alba leaves inhibit replication of herpes simplex virus

Pseudorchis albida subsp. straminea (Linnaeus) Á. Löve & D. Löve Taxon 18: 312. 1969. Charles J. Sheviak Illustrated Basionym: Satyrium albidum Linnaeus Sp. Pl

(Holm) Cronquist in C. L. Hitchcock et al., Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W. 1: 279. 1969. Lisa A. Standley, Jacques Cayouette, Leo Bruederle IllustratedEndemic Basionym:

historically used by Native Americans, as both food and medicine (T. Plowman 1969). The family, is currently more valued for its many ornamental species, and

7, 9, 10, 12, and 13 have been proposed for Scrophularia (see C. Carlbom 1969); a hypothesis for one distinct base number has yet to be presented. Scrophularia

species level (e.g., H. J.-C. Hebert 1968; M. D. Correa and R. L. Wilbur 1969; A. Cronquist 1980) have treated the species within a single genus. Forthcoming

C. L. Hitchcock et al., Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest 1: 193. 1969. Ralph E. Brooks*, Steven E. Clemants* Endemic Basionym: Juncus obtusatus

varietyAcaulon muticum var. rufescens (A. Jaeger) H. A. Crum Bryologist 72: 240. 1969,. Richard H. Zander Basionym: Acaulon rufescens Ber. Thätigk. St. Gallischen

kernensis subsp. gilmanii (Munz) P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 310. 1969. Warren L. Wagner Basionym: Oenothera dentata var. gilmanii Munz Leafl. W

campestris subsp. obispoensis P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 325. 1969. Warren L. Wagner Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Stems usually decumbent

1962c. Nomenclature of North Atlantic Papavers. Taxon 11: 132-138. Löve, D. 1969. Papaver at high altitudes in the Rocky Mountains. Brittonia 21: 1-10. Rändel

while 4-pored is quadrangular, and 5-pored is pentangular. P. H. Raven (1969) delineated a group of four closely related species (Camissonia kernensis

1838–1843, vol. 1; P. A. Munz 1965), as a section of Camissonia (P. H. Raven 1969), or as a separate genus (J. K. Small 1896). Traditionally, the two acaulescent

Basionym: Camissonia luciae P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 302, fig. 49. 1969 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs annual, villous through­out. Stems

Camissonia hardhamiae P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 301, fig. 47. 1969 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs annual, villous, also glandular

speciesCamissonia lacustris P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 329, fig. 61. 1969. Warren L. Wagner Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs densely villous

speciesCamissonia pusilla P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 312; fig. 53. 1969. Warren L. Wagner Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs glandular puberulent

green? http://www.floridaturf.com/ballroll.htm Caro, J.A. and E.A. Sanchez. 1969. Las especies de Cynodon (Gramineae) de la Republica Argentina. Kurtziana

(1964, 1969) in Camissonia. Chylismiella plus Gayophytum together have a sister relationship to Clarkia in the Levin et al. analyses. Raven (1969), in noting

Camissonia confusa P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 298, fig. 51. 1969 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs annual, densely villous, often

speciesCamissonia benitensis P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 332, fig. 60. 1969. Warren L. Wagner Common names: San Benito suncup Treatment appears in FNA

strigulosa (Fischer & C. A. Meyer) P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 333. 1969. Warren L. Wagner Basionym: Sphaerostigma strigulosum Fischer & C. A. Meyer

C. L. Hitchcock et al., Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest 1: 195. 1969. Ralph E. Brooks*, Steven E. Clemants* Illustrated Basionym: Juncus xiphioides

speciesPlatydictya minutissima (Sullivant & Lesquereux) H. A. Crum Bryologist 72: 244. 1969. Howard A. Crum†, Lars Hedenäs Endemic Basionym: Hypnum minutissimum Sullivant

Results of the V. I. Pyankov et al. study also contradict V. P. Botschantzev’s (1969) hypothesis of a South African origin of Salsola sensu lato and place the

chromosome counts, geography, and crossing data in R. Kral and P. E. Bostick 1969). The phylogenetic analysis by G. M. Ionta et al. (2007) indicates that the

America and northern Africa. Species ca. 220 (27 in the flora). Estes, J. R. 1969. Evidence for autoploid evolution in the Artemisia ludoviciana complex of

States. Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). As noted by R. Kral and P. E. Bostick (1969), Rhexia mariana is the most abundant and wide-ranging species of the genus

of this treatment follows those by B. Maguire (1947, 1951) and M. F. Baad (1969) of Arenaria sect. Eremogone. The Eremogone “group” is morphologically distinctive

1990. A Bibliography of Conifers. Königstein. [Regnum Veg. 122.] Hosie, R.C. 1969. Native Trees of Canada, ed. 7. Ottawa. Pp. 83--95. Little, E. L. Jr. 1979

columbianum Ownbey & Mingrone in C. L. Hitchcock et al., Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W. 1: 747. 1969 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Mentioned on page 266. Bulbs 1–5+, not

constrictum Ownbey & Mingrone in C. L. Hitchcock et al., Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W. 1: 747. 1969 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Mentioned on page 267. Bulbs 1–5+, not

subgenusTrillium subg. Phyllantherum speciesTrillium gracile J. D. Freeman Sida 3: 289. 1969. Frederick W. Case Jr. Common names: Slender trillium graceful trillium Endemic

C. L. Hitchcock in C. L. Hitchcock et al., Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W. 1: 809. 1969. Dale W. McNeal Jr., Aaron D. Shaw Endemic Basionym: Veratrum caudatum A

fontana var. americana (Dismier) Flowers ex H. A. Crum Bryologist 72: 244. 1969. Dana G. Griffin III Endemic Basionym: Philonotis americana Mém. Soc. Bot

hespera varietyParietaria hespera var. californica B. D. Hinton Sida 3: 295. 1969. David E. Boufford Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Herbs, 0.2-4 dm. Leaf

Candolle, Syst. Nat. 2: 71. 1821 We are so far unable to substantiate D. Löve's (1969) report of this essentially Asiatic species "from Seward and Kenai peninsulas

identification of sunflower species has long been problematic. C. B. Heiser et al. (1969) felt that the greatest contribution of their sustained efforts to understand

and Isla Guadalupe, Baja California (subsp. guadalupensis). P. H. Raven (1969) determined C. guadalupensis to be self-compatible and primarily autogamous

Camissonia lewisii P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 275, fig. 32. 1969 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs annual, villous, also glandular

speciesCamissonia integrifolia P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 344, fig. 62. 1969. Warren L. Wagner Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs sparsely strigillose

Camissonia robusta P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 304, fig. 41. 1969 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs annual, villous, usually also glandular

apparently consumed during endosperm development (S. P. Bhatnagar and G. Sabharwal 1969); this interpretation is extended to other members of the family. The affinity

inadvertently brought into North America with rice seed (D. H. Dike 1969). Dike, D. H. 1969. Contributions to the Biology of Ottelia alismoides (Hydrocharitaceae)

phyllaries (sometimes in tissues of other organs as well). Strother, J. L. 1969. Systematics of Dyssodia Cavanilles (Compositae: Tageteae). Univ. Calif.

Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 1051 pp. Hitchcock, C.L. 1969. Gramineae. Pp. 384-725 in C.L. Hitchcock, A. Cronquist, and M. Ownbey. Vascular

6 (pp. 401—480). Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin and Hamburg, Germany Hejny, S. 1969. Coleanthus subtilis (Tratt.) Seidl in der Tschechoslowakei. Folia Geobot

identify without chemical data. Species ca. 60 (13 in the flora). Adams, R. P. 1969. Chemosystematic and Numerical Studies in Natural Populations of Juniperus

nubs). x = 17. sw United States. Species 6 (6 in the flora). Powell, A. M. 1969. Taxonomy of Perityle, section Pappothrix (Compositae–Peritylanae). Rhodora

Northern Hemisphere, Africa. Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). As H. A. Crum (1969) and A. J. Grout (1939) pointed out, American specimens reported as Acaulon

here, except for the inclusion of Gisekia, parallels that of J. W. Nowicke (1969). In narrower concepts, such as that of G. K. Brown and G. S. Varadarajan

morphology, and floral vasculature. A. Cronquist (1968) and A. L. Takhtajan (1969) believed Haloragaceae to be more closely allied to Podostemaceae. The work

speciesCoryphantha duncanii (Hester) L. D. Benson Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 189. 1969. Allan D. Zimmerman, Bruce D. Parfitt Common names: Duncan’s pincushion cactus

Sclerocactus pubispinus var. sileri L. D. Benson Cacti Arizona ed. 3, 23. 179. 1969 Synonyms: Pediocactus pubispinus subsp. sileri (L. D. Benson) Halda Pediocactus

American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Vol. 19, pp. 17--50. Tomlinson, P. B. 1969. Eriocaulaceae. In: C. R. Metcalfe, ed. 1960+. Anatomy of the Monocotyledons

aborted pollen grains and empty perigynia. Halliday, G. and A. O. Chater. 1969. Studies in the Carex glareosa complex 1. Fruit shape. Feddes Repert. 80:

Camissonia intermedia P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 295, fig. 48. 1969 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs annual, appearing green­ish, moderately

var. coloradensis L. D. Benson Cacti Arizona ed. 3, 20, 34, figs. 1.4–1.6. 1969 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 117. Mentioned on page

Endemic Basionym: Machaeranthera canescens subsp. ziegleri Munz Aliso 7: 65. 1969 Synonyms: Machaeranthera canescens var. ziegleri (Munz) B. L. Turner Treatment

C. L. Hitchcock in C. L. Hitchcock et al., Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W. 1: 815. 1969. Fayla C. Schwartz Common names: Grassy death camas Endemic Basionym: Zigadenus

brevispinus (W. O. Moore) L. D. Benson Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 127. 1969. Allan D. Zimmerman, Bruce D. Parfitt Basionym: Echinocereus enneacanthus forma

subsp. pribylovensis (Macoun) G. Halliday & Chater Feddes Repert. 80: 100. 1969. Heikki Toivonen IllustratedEndemicConservation concern Basionym: Carex

speciesCtenitis sloanei (Poeppig ex Sprengel) C. V. Morton Amer. Fern J. 59: 66. 1969. Robbin C. Moran Common names: Red-hair comb fern Florida tree fern Illustrated

Limnanthes speciesLimnanthes vinculans Ornduff Brittonia 21: 11, fig. 1. 1969. Nancy R. Morin Common names: Sebastopol meadowfoam EndemicConservation concern

ovata varietyCarya ovata var. australis (Ashe) Little Phytologia 19: 188. 1969. Donald E. Stone Common names: Carolina hickory Endemic Basionym: Carya australis Ashe

morphology and relationship of the Taxaceae. Bot. Gaz. 110: 31--39. Hosie, R. C. 1969. Native Trees of Canada, ed. 7. Ottawa. Pp. 110--111. Krüssmann, G. 1972

Watson) Pennell occurs broadly throughout northern Mexico. Musselman, L. J. 1969. Observations on the life history of Aureolaria grandiflora and Aureolaria

with roots attaching to a wide range of hosts (W. A. Cannon 1910; J. Kuijt 1969). There is no evidence (B. B. Simpson 1991) that root extracts are medicinally

genusHypnum speciesHypnum jutlandicum Holmen & E. Warncke Bot. Tidsskr. 65: 179. 1969. Wilfred B. Schofield† Illustrated Basionym: Hypnum cupressiforme var. ericetorum Schimper

campanulata C. L. Hitchcock in C. L. Hitchcock et al., Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W. 1: 861. 1969 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 9. Treatment on page 294. Mentioned on page

echinocarpa var. wolfii L. D. Benson Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 33. 1969 Synonyms: Opuntia wolfii (L. D. Benson) M. A. Baker Treatment appears in

Lesquerella calderi G. A. Mulligan & A. E. Porsild Canad. J. Bot. 47: 215, plate 1. 1969 Synonyms: Lesquerella arctica subsp. calderi (G. A. Mulligan & A. E. Porsild)

speciesFissidens appalachensis R. H. Zander Bryologist 72: 406, figs. 1–8. 1969,. Ronald A. Pursell Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page

fasciculatus (Engelmann ex S. Watson) L. D. Benson Cacti Arizona ed. 3, 21. 1969. Allan D. Zimmerman, Bruce D. Parfitt Illustrated Basionym: Mammillaria

336--342. Sturtevant, W. C. 1969. History and ethnography of some West Indian starches. In: P. J. Ucko and G. W. Dimbleby, eds. 1969. The Domestication and

Eurasian species and occurs extremely rarely in North America (see M. G. Shivas 1969 and M. D. Windham 1983 for a discussion of the conspecificity of Western

Florida, a misidentification of C. papyrus (R. R. Haynes and A. Lasseigne 1969). Recently, some nurseries specializing in water plants have begun to offer

to be established. Clayton (1969) provides a detailed discussion of the structure of the inflorescence. Clayton, W.D. 1969. A Revision of the Genus Hyparrhenia

species, but taxonomists disagree on just how variable. Caro and Sanchez (1969) limited C. dactylon to plants with conduplicate leaves, placing those with

species accumulate varying concentrations of steroidal saponins (F. W. Martin 1969), and Dioscorea species of Mexican, South African, and Asian origin have

more fully in the references cited below and under that genus. Geerinck, D. 1969. Genera des Haemodoraceae et des Hypoxidaceae. Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg

support for paraphyly in the broadly delimited Camissonia of P. H. Raven (1969). There was some support for a clade of Camissonia and Eremothera and another

Central America, South America. Species ca. 25 (5 in the flora). Johnson, R. R. 1969. Monograph of the plant genus Porophyllum (Compositae: Helenieae). Univ.

distinctive between segregate genera are not so in South America. C. F. Reed (1969) also used this justification for an inclusive Mirabilis in a treatment of

(Arabian Peninsula), Africa. Species 26 (2 in the flora). Fryxell, P. A. 1969. The genus Cienfuegosia Cav. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 56: 179–250. Karpovickas

(Hydrocharitaceae). Aquatic Bot. 15: 1--52. Thieret, J. W., R. R. Haynes, and D. H. Dike. 1969. Blyxa aubertii (Hydrocharitaceae) in Louisiana: New to North America. Sida

were measured on unflattened scales; the widths given by A. E. Schuyler (1969) are mostly much wider and apparently measured on flattened scales. None

early evolutionary offshoot within Camissonia. He revised his position (Raven 1969) to regard the late afternoon-opening flowers, pollen shed in tetrads, and

Basionym: Arctostaphylos truei W. Knight Four Seasons 3(1): 19, fig. p. 20. 1969 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 422. Mentioned on page

subspeciesHelianthus praecox subsp. hirtus (Heiser) Heiser Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 22(3): 54. 1969. Edward E. Schilling Common names: Dimmit sunflower EndemicConservation concern

plantagineus (Torrey & A. Gray) Heiser Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 22(3): 107. 1969. Edward E. Schilling Common names: Shinner’s sunflower Endemic Basionym:

variegatum subspeciesDelphinium variegatum subsp. thornei Munz Aliso 7: 70. 1969. Michael J. Warnock Common names: Thorne's larkspur Thorne's royal larkspur

var. colpophyllum (Sullivant) E. Lawton ex H. A. Crum Bryologist 72: 245. 1969. Michael S. Ignatov Illustrated Basionym: Eurhynchium colpophyllum (Sullivant)

Conservation concernEndemic Basionym: Delphinium kinkiense Munz Aliso 7: 69. 1969 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Stem: base sparsely long-pubescent. Inflorescences

subsp. riograndensis H. H. Iltis SouthW. Naturalist 14: 116, fig. 1[top]. 1969. Gordon C. Tucker Common names: Rio Grande clammyweed Treatment appears in

praecox subsp. runyonii (Heiser) Heiser Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 22(3): 54. 1969. Edward E. Schilling Common names: Runyon’s sunflower Endemic Basionym: Helianthus

363-371. Stermitz, F. R., D. E. Nicodem, Wei C. C., and K. D. McMurtrey. 1969. Alkaloids of Argemone polyanthemos, A. corymbosa, A. chisosensis, A. sanguinea

Alpinae Kalela. Ann. Bot. Soc. Zool.-Bot. Fenn. “Vanamo” 19(3). Murray, D. F. 1969. Taxonomy of Carex sect. Atratae (Cyperaceae) in the southern Rocky Mountains

petals, pendent flowers, and reticulate seeds with elaiosomes. Berg, R. Y. 1969. Adaptation and evolution in Dicentra (Fumariaceae), with special reference

American Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Vol. 29, pp. 33–102. Stevens, P. F. 1969. Taxonomic Studies in the Ericaceae. Ph.D. thesis. University of Edinburgh

unusual in the variability in stamen numbers among its species. Pyrah, G.L. 1969. Taxonomic and distributional studies in Leersia (Gramineae). Iowa State

quite distinct (G.Boraiah and M.Heimburger 1964; C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955-1969, vol.2). None. Anemone drummondii var. drummondii, Anemone drummondii var

here), most of which are distinctive and locally distributed. M. F. Baad (1969) noted two patterns of variation of different origin within E. congesta,

revision of the European taxa. Ann. Bot. Fenn. 3: 199–264. Nyholm, E. 1954–1969. Illustrated Moss Flora of Fennoscandia II: Musci. Lund. Pp. 647–799. McQueen

discussion of the complex nature of the inflorescences, see U. Müller-Doblies (1969) and D. Müller-Doblies (1970); for extensive bibliographies, see C. D. K

Species ca. 35 (8 in the flora with 7 native and 1 naturalized). Roche, L. 1969. A genecological study of the genus Picea and seedlings grown in a nursery

formerly treated as species. Subsequent research (C. E. DePoe and E. O. Beal 1969; E. O. Beal and R. M. Southall 1977) has supported Beal's treatment for some

genus Plagiothecium in Plagiotheciaceae, several bryologists (E. Nyholm 1954–1969; A. J. E. Smith 1978; Lin S. H. 1984; L. Hedenäs 1989b, 1995; N. Pedersen

flora). Most species of Laportea occur in Africa and Madagascar. Chew, W.L. 1969. A monograph of Laportea (Urticaceae). Gard. Bull. Straits Settlem. 25: 111-178

boreal, 1 in temperate e Asia. Species 3 (2 in the flora). Holttum, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris

United States, nw Mexico. Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora). P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-compatible, but primarily outcrossing

(D. S. Correll 1950; C. A. Luer 1972) or Polyradicion Garay (L. A. Garay 1969). The type of Polyrrhiza is the Jamaican P. funalis (Swartz) Pfitzer, which

Indian Ocean Islands, Pacific Islands, Australia. R. A. DeFilipps (1968, 1969) recognized three varieties of Ximenia americana, with the pantropical var

season pollen-foraging worker bumblebees pollinate this species (L. W. Macior 1969). The uniquely hinged abaxial lip covering the opening of the galea is an

in the early 1800s (C. E. Depoe 1969). There are subsequent collections from Arkansas and Louisiana. Depoe, C. E. 1969. Bacopa egensis (Poeppig) Pennell

Ont., P.E.I., Que., Yukon, Alaska, Europe. G. Halliday and A. O. Chater (1969) recognized two well-defined varieties in the subspecies: var. glareosa and

Phaestoglochin speciesCarex socialis Mohlenbrock & Schwegman Brittonia 21: 77, fig. 1. 1969. Peter W. Ball IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment

Camissonia gouldii P. H. Raven Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 37: 368, fig. 70. 1969 Synonyms: Oenothera gouldii (P. H. Raven) S. L. Welsh & N. D. Atwood Treatment

undamaged by the period of dryness. Species ca. 30 (3 in the flora). Evans, A. M. 1969. Interspecific relationships in the Polypodium pectinatum-plumula complex

Use and Management in Crop Production. Boulder. Pp. 15--38. Moore, A. W. 1969. Azolla: Biology and agronomic significance. Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 35: 17--35

bokei L. D. Benson Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 185, figs. 2, 3(lower). 1969. Allan D. Zimmerman, Bruce D. Parfitt Synonyms: Epithelantha micromeris var

sinuatus (A. Dietrich) L. D. Benson Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 128. 1969. Allan D. Zimmerman, Bruce D. Parfitt Basionym: Echinocactus sinuatus A.

thompsoniae varietyEriogonum thompsoniae var. albiflorum Reveal Madroño 19: 299. 1969. James L. Reveal Common names: Virgin wild buckwheat Endemic Synonyms: Eriogonum

varietySalix ovalifolia var. arctolitoralis (Hultén) Argus Canad. J. Bot. 47: 795. 1969. George W. Argus IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Salix arctolitoralis Hultén

genusRhexia speciesRhexia salicifolia Kral & Bostick Sida 3: 402, fig. 4. 1969. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Panhandle or willowleaf meadow beauty Treatment

Camissoniopsis was segregated from Camissonia as delimited by P. H. Raven (1969). Camissoniopsis is distinguished by having 4-angled fruits, at least when

Species 10 (5 in the flora). Many authors (V. F. Brotherus 1907; E. Nyholm 1954–1969, no. 5; E. Lawton 1971; A. Noguchi and Z. Iwatsuki 1987+, part 5) have placed

Publication 1830. NC Press, Toronto, Ontario, Canada. 130 pp. Dore, W.G. 1969. Wild Rice. Canada Department of Agriculture Publication No. 1393. Information

nurseries and florists. Plants can escape from cultivation (T. S. Cooperrider 1969) and may have become naturalized outside their native range, especially in

of the genus Calochortus. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 27: 371–560. Ownbey, M. 1969. Calochortus. Univ. Wash. Publ. Bot. 17: 765–779. Calochortus albus, Calochortus

BISH); W. L. Wagner et al. (1990) noted that this population did not survive a 1969 storm. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Frankenia"

pollinated by oligolectic bees of Andrena subg. Onagrandrena (P. H. Raven 1969); Raven subdivided the species into two intergrading subspecies. None. Camissonia

Species of Carpobrotus naturalize vegetatively and from seed. Blake, S. T. 1969. A revision of Carpobrotus and Sarcozona in Australia, genera allied to Mesembryanthemum

5 mm. sw United States. Subspecies 3 (3 in the flora). P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-incompatible. None. Chylismia brevipes

Generated Map Legacy Map Calif. Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). P. H. Raven (1969) determined that Camissonia campestris is self-incompatible. None. Camissonia

Oxytria of Rafinesque. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 24: 405–406. Sherman, H. L. 1969. A Systematic Study of the Genus Schoenolirion (Liliaceae). Ph.D. thesis

w United States, nw Mexico. Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). P. H. Raven (1969) determined Camissoniopsis pallida to be self-compatible and primarily autogamous

tenerum (J. E. Zetterstedt) Nyholm Ill. Moss. Fl. Fennoscand., Musci, 775. 1969,. Terry T. McIntosh Basionym: Grimmia tenera J. E. Zetterstedt Kongl. Svenska

subg. Eucycla speciesEriogonum ephedroides Reveal Madroño 19: 295, fig. 4. 1969. James L. Reveal Common names: Ephedra wild buckwheat Endemic Synonyms: Eriogonum

speciesEriogonum concinnum Reveal Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 96: 476, fig. 1. 1969. James L. Reveal Common names: Darin’s wild buckwheat EndemicConservation

subspeciesPseudorchis albida subsp. straminea (Fernald) Á. Löve & D. Löve Taxon 18: 312. 1969. Charles J. Sheviak Illustrated Basionym: Habenaria straminea Fernald Rhodora

deciduidentata Sharp & Z. Iwatsuki J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 32: 95, figs. 1, 2. 1969 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 592. Mentioned on page

subg. Eucycla speciesEriogonum cronquistii Reveal Madroño 19: 289, fig. 1. 1969. James L. Reveal Common names: Cronquist’s wild buckwheat EndemicConservation

niveus subsp. tephrodes (A. Gray) Heiser Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 22(3): 43. 1969. Edward E. Schilling Common names: Algodones or Algodones dunes sunflower

varietySalix ovalifolia var. glacialis (Andersson) Argus Canad. J. Bot. 47: 798. 1969. George W. Argus IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Salix glacialis Andersson Öfvers

Ferris 1923–1960, vol. 3). They were treated by C. L. Hitchcock et al. (1955–1969, vol. 3) as synonymous with V. langsdorffii pending further study. E. Brainerd

in Queensland. Species ca. 10 (1 introduced in the flora). Holttum, R. E. 1969. Studies in the family Thelypteridaceae. The genera Phegopteris, Pseudophegopteris

x = 10. Introduced; s Africa. Species 15 (1 in the flora). Goldblatt, P. 1969. The genus Sparaxis. J. S. African Bot. 35: 219–252. Goldblatt, P. 1992.

in the Flora region, in its highly reduced inflorescence. Villamil, C.B. 1969. El genero Monanthochloë (Gramineae). Estudios morfologicos y taxonomicos

collection of Claopodium pellucinerve reported from Arizona (A. B. Johnsen 1969, 1978) was determined to be Anomodon rostratus. In southwestern United States

assessment of pollinators, and controlled hybrid experiments led W. J. Hess (1969) to conclude that Spiraea ×pyramidata is a natural hybrid of S. douglasii

are seen in Coelorachis (p. 689) and Hackelochloa (p. 694). Clayton, W.D. 1969. A Revision of the Genus Hyparrhenia. Kew Bull., Addit. Ser. 2. Her Majesty's

A Bibliography of Conifers. Königstein. [Regnum Veg. 122.] Hosie, R. C. 1969. Native Trees of Canada, ed. 7. Ottawa. Pp. 83--95. Krajina, V. J., K. Klinka

Species of Cucurbita. Gentes Herb. 6: 266–322. Bemis, W. P. and T. W. Whitaker. 1969. The xerophytic Cucurbita of northwestern Mexico and southwestern United

evident (P. Aellen 1930, 1933, 1960–1961; T. Eckardt 1964b, 1967, 1967b, 1968, [1969]; T. J. Mabry and H.-D. Behnke 1976; F. A. Pax and K. Hoffmann 1934b; A.

Amaryllidaceae based on matK sequence data. J. Pl. Res. 112: 207–216. Johnson, R. G. 1969. A Taxonomic and Floristic Study of the Liliaceae and Allied Families in

The genus is restricted to the southeastern United States. Weaver, R. E. 1969. Studies in the North American genus Fothergilla (Hamamelidaceae). J. Arnold

are edible raw or are used to make jelly or wine (E. L. Little Jr. et al. 1969). Both species also enjoy some popularity in landscaping due to their attractive

Asia, Africa, Pacific Islands. Species ca. 12 (2 in the flora). Jeffrey, C. 1969. A review of the genus Bryonia L. (Cucurbitaceae). Kew Bull. 23: 441–461

Persson 1915). The collection by Persson was reexamined by E. Nyholm (1954–1969, no. 2), who reported phaneropore stomata. Characteristics of the capsule

dunes along the lower Sacramento River, California, 0–100 m. P. H. Raven (1969) determined C. cheiranthifolia to be self-incompatible (some populations

collecting and habitat destruction reduced the populations significantly. By 1969 the species was believed to occur in California only within the U.S. Navy

separated later, primarily on the basis of crossing results (Heiser et al. 1969). The subspecies appear to form a grade between H. debilis and H. petiolaris

Neoholmgrenia in a clade with Camissoniopsis and Tetrapteron. P. H. Raven (1969) found Neoholmgrenia (as Camissonia sect. Nematocaulis) to be one of the

w United States, nw Mexico. Subspecies 6 (6 in the flora). P. H. Raven (1969) included within Eremothera boothii a complex of intergrading entities that

reported from San Clemente Island, California (R. M. Lloyd and J. E. Hohn 1969), in the North American flora because, since the single, original collection

contributes to the confusion (see N. L. Britton 1891; C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955-1969, vol. 2; R. S. Mitchell and J. K. Dean 1982). Additional analyses (e.g.,

speciesDidymodon johansenii (R. S. Williams) H. A. Crum Canad. Field-Naturalist 83: 157. 1969,. Richard H. Zander Basionym: Barbula johansenii R. S. Williams Rep. Canad

Neolloydia warnockii L. D. Benson Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 41: 186, fig. 4. 1969 Synonyms: Sclerocactus warnockii (L. D. Benson) N. P. Taylor Treatment appears

subspeciesPotentilla supina subsp. paradoxa (Nuttall) Soják Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 4: 207. 1969. Barbara Ertter, James L. Reveal Common names: Bushy cinquefoil Illustrated

12 parts. Newfane, Vt. and New York. Vol. 1, pp. 100–106. Ireland, R. R. 1969. Taxonomic studies on the genus Atrichum in North America. Canad. J. Bot

expand the single species to include H. petiolaris. Later, Heiser et al. (1969) separated three of the subspecies as H. praecox. Isozyme data (R. P. Wain

their evolutionary relationship. Pl. Syst. Evol. 216: 207–230. Pobedimova, E. 1969. Revisio generis Cochlearia L., 1. Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 6: 67–106.

found most commonly from Newfoundland south through New England (R.C. Hosie 1969; B.F. Jacobs et al. 1984); it is not found west of Ontario. Western populations

and prominent pappi on inner pistillate and bisexual florets. Wagenitz, G. 1969. Abgrenzung und Gliederung der Gattung Filago L. s.l. (Compositae–Inuleae)

apparently maintained via selection by vernalization (C. E. DePoe and E. O. Beal 1969; E. O. Beal and R. M. Southall 1977). This taxon is the Cape Fear spatterdock

is a southern African genus of four species. Conert, H.J. and A.M. Tiirpe. 1969. Karroochloa, ein neue Gattung der Gramineen (Poaceae, Arundinoideae, Danthonieae)

Map Legacy Map Alta., B.C., Idaho, Mont., Nev., Oreg., Wash. M. F. Baad (1969) reported populations from Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Wyoming that he considered

Plant Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants. Ornduff, R. 1969. The origin and relationship of Lasthenia burkei (Compositae). Amer. J. Bot

maintaining them as distinct (D. S. Correll 1950; C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969, vol. 5; J. A. Calder and R. L. Taylor 1968; E. Hultén 1941–1950, vol. 3)

Map Legacy Map Alta., Sask., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Utah, Wyo. M. F. Baad (1969) suggested the possible relationship of var. lithophila to Eremogone capillaris

vols. Berlin etc. Vol. 2, pp. 161–197. Benson, L. D. 1969b. Cactaceae. In: C. L. Lundell. 1942–1969. Flora of Texas. 3 vols. in parts. Dallas and Renner

Carbondale, Illinois, U.S.A. 434 pp. Hitchcock, C.L., A. Cronquist, and M. Ownbey. 1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 1: Vascular Cryptogams, Gymnosperms

Seeds 0.6–1 mm. Arizona. Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) thought that this species is most likely self-compatible but primarily outcrossing

to New Jersey and Virginia. According to C.L. Hitchcock (Hitchcock et al. 1969), it may extend as far west as Idaho. Vernon Harms (pers. comm.) reports

oregana west of the Cascades in northern Oregon (C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955-1969, vol. 2). The area of probable intergradation should be extended to the southern

N. Jones 1933; E. Lawton 1971). However, as pointed out by O. Vitikainen (1969), the ecological and morphological features of G. hartmanii are so constant

completely (R.Daubenmire 1974; E.H. Garman 1957; K.W. Horton 1959; L.Roche 1969; T.M.C. Taylor 1959). This has greatly complicated the taxonomy of P. glauca

, R. D. Dorn 1977) while one regional flora (C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969, vol. 2) united it with C. lanceolata. It is treated here as a distinct species

small oligolectic bees (E. G. Linsley 1963b, 1973) or autogamous (P. H. Raven 1969). None. Eulobus californicus window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"tribe"

micranthum x Achnatherum hymenoides hybrid (Shechter and Johnson 1968; Shechter 1969). Immature specimens of A. hymenoides are sometimes confused with A. contractum

2 mm. sw United States. Subspecies 2 (2 in the flora). P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-incompatible and primarily autogamous

assigned to other named varieties, or not assignable to any. L. D. Benson (1969, 1982) and subsequent authors (e.g., N. P. Taylor 1985; W. Blum et al. 1998)

in Leavenworthia (Cruciferae). Contr. Gray Herb. 195: 1–134. Lloyd, D. G. 1969. Petal color polymorphism in Leavenworthia (Cruciferae). Contr. Gray Herb

Menziesia (Ericaceae). Syst. Bot. 9: 324–345. Hickman, J. C. and M. P. Johnson. 1969. An analysis of geographical variation in western North American Menziesia

to the latter species. Or, one could follow C. L. Hitchcock et al. (1955–1969, vol. 2) and recognize subsp. strictum as distinct from subsp. proliferum

with little firm evidence to support the majority of them. E. Nyholm (1954–1969) was convinced that only through a series of cultivation, cytological and

between subsp. pensylvanica and S. virginica by R. S. Mitchell and L. J. Uttal (1969). None. Silene caroliniana subsp. caroliniana, Silene caroliniana subsp.

sexuality, prominent excurrent costa, and lack of peristome (H. C. Gangulee 1969+, fasc. 2). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"

crispum var. molle (Holzinger) Frye evidently belongs here (R. R. Ireland 1969). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Atrichum"

1–2 mm. w United States. Subspecies 4 (4 in the flora). P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-compatible and primarily autogamous.

where the more widespread diploid subsp. insularis also grows. R. F. Thorne (1969) mentioned that hybrids between these two seem to be rather frequent. Subspecies

spikelets, and their shape and surface sculpturing are different (A. E. Schuyler 1969; J. Raynal 1976; J. Browning 1992). Schoenoplectus includes some difficult

Hull, Quebec, Canada. 568 pp. Hitchcock, C.L., A. Cronquist, and M. Ownbey. 1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Part 1: Vascular Cryptogams, Gymnosperms

variously associated with Neolloydia. Alone among authors, L. D. Benson (1969, 1982) inexplicably submerged Echinomastus into Neolloydia. A long list of

= 7. w United States, nw Mexico. Species 2 (2 in the flora). P. H. Raven (1969), like R. Raimann (1893) and others, placed together all species of Camissonia

be treated as varieties of V. nuttallii, as C. L. Hitchcock et al. (1955–1969, vol. 3) did, on the basis that these taxa are more or less sympatric in

material similar to S. pauciflora and S. ciliata is much needed. Fairey, J. E. 1969. Scleria pauciflora Muhl. and its varieties in North America. Castanea 34:

davyi. In one flora C. constanceana was included in C. petasata (A. Cronquist 1969). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Carex

cascadensis was treated as a variety of V. adunca by C. L. Hitchcock et al. (1955–1969, vol. 3) and was synonymized with V. adunca by H. E. Ballard (1992). Study

Mountains. Canad. Field-Naturalist 82: 44--48. Brittain, W. H. and W. F. Grant. 1969. Observations on Canadian birch (Betula) collections at the Morgan Arboretum

called ×Sorbopyrus auricularis (Knoop) C. K. Schneider. J. Wiśniewska et al. (1969) suggested that S. torminalis may be involved in the parentage of at least

American species of Glyceria demonstrated that, contrary to C.L. Hitchcock's (1969) conclusion, G. fluitans is present in western North America, and that all

effective diuretic. The seeds are dispersed by birds. As noted by C. Jeffrey (1969), Bryonia alba is monoecious in northern Europe, as it seems consistently

Colorado and Washington. Ockendon, D. L., S. M. Walters, and T. P. Whiffen. 1969. Variation within Centaurea nigra. Proc. Bot. Soc. Brit. Isles 7: 549–552

aculeata, not deserving formal recognition. Based on work by M. F. Baad (1969), they warrant further study. Reports of Eremogone aculeata from Arizona

Chihuahuan Desert, and several of its populations were mapped by L. D. Benson (1969, 1982) as part of E. triglochidatus var. neomexicanus (Standley) Standley

immediate coast and barely reaching the margins of the desert. P. H. Raven (1969) determined C. hirtella to be self-compatible and primarily autogamous. The

the Mediterranean climate of California was described by R. A. Schlising (1969). In seed germination, in the cooler and wetter months of November and December

that are densely short-pilose at the base (versus glabrous). Porter, D. M. 1969. The genus Kallstroemia (Zygophyllaceae). Contr. Gray Herb. 198: 41–163.

separated for some decades in Old World treatments. Contrary to G. Wagenitz (1969), I agree with J. Holub (1976, 1998) that the two genera warrant separation

Valley, Grand Canyon National Monument in Mohave County. P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) assumed this species to be self-incompatible, based on the large flowers

Utah. It is outcrossing and, perhaps, self-incompatible (P. H. Raven 1962, 1969). There are two morphological forms of this species. Raven (1962) noted that

Mertens & Koch, another name commonly used on herbarium specimens (J.W. Thieret 1969). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Parietaria"

based on a specimen collected by E. H. Wilkinson in 1900 (C. L. Lundell 1942–1969, vol. 2; D. S. Correll and M. C. Johnston 1970). However, it was not reported

distributed var. simulans. This is similar to the interpretation of M. F. Baad (1969), who considered that var. wheelerensis may be intermediate between var.

, Mont., Nev., N.H., Wyo., Mexico, South America, Eurasia. A. Cronquist (1969) placed Carex capitata in Utah; the species is not listed by B. J. Albee

Barrett and D. E. Seaman 1980) and in Louisiana (J. W. Thieret and D. H. Dike 1969). Dopatrium junceum germinates in inundated wetlands in May and blooms during

near San Quintín and Isla San Martín, Baja California, Mexico (P. H. Raven 1969). The subspecies hybridizes with C. bistorta in areas of near sympatry. None

(Portulacaceae). Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 113: 259–267. Montgomery, F. and D. Blake. 1969. Talinum mengesii Wolf from a new physiographic province. Bull. Torrey Bot

the Sierra Nevada and Cascade Mountains north to Mt. Hood. A. Cronquist (1969) considered Carex breweri and C. engelmannii conspecific; he distinguished

the Tinajas Atlas Range, Arizona, and Sonora, Mexico. P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined C. arenaria to be self-compatible, but primarily outcrossing

Legacy Map Introduced; Calif., Europe (Greece, islands of Aegean Sea). Between 1969 and 1990 an infestation of this noxious weed was documented in Sonoma County

two. At the time of the last systematic study of the genus (H. L. Sherman 1969), there seemed to be a significant difference in chromosome number between

differences of perigynia, cited by Egorova and well illustrated in A. Cronquist (1969), can define two taxa, which have been viewed as minor variations (E. Hultén

Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, San Nicolas, and San Clemente islands (P. H. Raven 1969). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Camissoniopsis

of Northern Florida. Gainesville. Little, E.L. Jr. and W.B. Critchfield. 1969. Subdivisions of the genus Pinus (pines). Washington. [U.S.D.A., Misc. Publ

Gypsophila oldhamiana F. A. W. Miquel was found in a field in Alabama in 1969 [Rebois 049 (AUA)]. It has pink petals and differs from other species described

conducted on Viola pollination including cleistogamous flowers (A. J. Beattie 1969, 1969b, 1971, 1972, 1974, 1976, 1978; Beattie and D. C. Culver 1979; A. C. Cortés-Palomec

(Bentham) Brandegee subsp. canescens (A. Gray) Heiser by C. B. Heiser et al. (1969); molecular and morphologic data appear to favor a placement within H. petiolaris

although in certain populations the bark remains close and dark (B. P. Dancik 1969; B. P. Dancik and B. V. Barnes 1971). Betula alleghaniensis Britton × B.

Calif., Idaho, Nev., Oreg., Utah Varieties 2 (2 in the flora). M. F. Baad (1969) considered Eremogone kingii to be monophyletic despite considerable morphological

1957; T. C. Brayshaw 1985) but not by others (e.g., C. L. Hitchcock 1969et al. 1955–1969, vol. 1; J. L. Reveal 1977A. Cronquist et al. 1972+, vol. 6). Such

identified as either Calamagrostis purpurascens (p. 710) (C.L. Hitchcock et al. 1969) or C. sesquiflora (p. 714) (Kawano 1965). It differs from C. purpurascens

Stud. State Coll. Wash., suppl. 1: 1–106. Ownbey, M. 1969b. Allium. In: C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. 5 vols

probable origin of Oryzopsis contracta. Amer. J. Bot. 55:611-618 Shechter, Y. 1969. Electrophoretic investigation of the hybrid origin of Oryzopsis contracta

Appalachian region from Maryland to Georgia. According to C. B. Heiser et al. (1969), these plants may be hybrids of H. occidentalis and H. atrorubens. Natural

much more limited than that of subsp. alba. C. L. Hitchcock et al. (1955–1969, Vol. 4) recognized these taxa as varieties and noted that var. racemosa

were placed by R. W. Long (1966) in subsp. canadensis; C. B. Heiser et al. (1969) returned this to subsp. nuttallii with the comment that it was hardly equivalent

America, which generally recognize fewer taxa (C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969, vol. 3; W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980, vol. 1; C. F. Quibell 1993;

their differences in leaf shape and ovary indumentum intergrade (G. W. Argus 1969, 1973). The only one with a more or less distinctive geographical distribution

Information Systems Program, Office of Science Information Service--to AIBS in July 1969 to support planning for the project. The grants provided for a small central

Amer. J. Bot. 49: 199-212. Stone, D. E., G. A. Adrouny, and R. H. Flake. 1969. New World Juglandaceae. II. Hickory nut oils, phenetic similarities, and

and S. acaulis) that are circumpolar in their distribution. Bocquet, G. 1969. Revisio Physolychnidum (Silene Sect. Physolychnis).... Lehre. Burleigh,

group of diploid and polyploid taxa treated as conspecific by L. D. Benson (1969, 1982). The tetraploids are now recognized separately as E. coccineus, including

Bartram The collection reported as Tortella mollissima by P. L. Redfearn Jr. (1969) is Trichostomum tenuirostre. R. H. Zander (1994g) has made Tortella mollissima

peppers, mostly to be filled and baked (B. E. Hammel 2009). Jones, C. E. 1969. A Revision of the Genus Cyclanthera (Cucurbitaceae). Ph.D. dissertation

specific gravity of 0.8 and is strong and brittle (E. L. Little Jr. et al. 1969). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Coccoloba"

has been used in commerce for tanning and dyeing (E. L. Little Jr. et al. 1969). Pistillate inflorescences of some specimens of Coccoloba uvifera appear

suggest that at least some plants of B. aleutensis are outcrossing (Hitchcock 1969). Bromus aleutensis intergrades with B. carinatus var. marginatus to the

this is the orthography used in floras since C. L. Hitchcock et al. (1955–1969, vol. 4), it also appears on recent herbarium specimens. How this error arose

pubens occurs in eastern California and west-central Nevada. P. H. Raven (1969) determined that Camissonia pubens is self-compatible and autogamous. The

and Whidbey islands, and Klickitat and Walla Walla counties. P. H. Raven (1969) determined that Camissonia contorta is a self-compatible hexaploid and autogamous

Echinocereus ledingii (H. Bravo-H. and H. Sánchez-M. 1998–1991, vol. 3; L. D. Benson 1969) are undocumented and highly suspect. The decurved or deflexed central spines

he named in the same publication as C. atrata var. erecta. A. Cronquist (1969), among others, applied the name C. atrata var. erecta broadly to include

immediate coast and barely reaching the margins of the desert. P. H. Raven (1969) determined C. ignota to be self-compatible and primarily autogamous. None

morphological characters. Canad. J. Bot. 51: 2259-2268. Smit, P. G. and W. Punt. 1969. Taxonomy and pollen morphology of the Caltha leptosepala complex. Proc.

have originated in Brazil or, possibly, northern South America; R. McVaugh (1969) thought that southern Brazil was most likely. The species is prized for

recent Texas floras is based upon misidentified Mirabilis species (C. F. Reed 1969). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Boerhavia"

central Washington (D. J. Moore et al. 1998); C. L. Hitchcock et al. (1955–1969, vol. 3) erroneously cited its habitat as basaltic cliffs, which is the more

been shown to be illegitimate (B. Boivin 1967–1979, 15: 414–418; J. R. Dugle 1969). The name was based on a mixture of Siberian and North American material

in 1893, NMC). It has apparently not persisted in this area. P. H. Raven (1969) determined C. micrantha to be self-compatible and primarily autogamous.

elongatum Haworth, which today would be assigned to Conicosia. S. T. Blake (1969) selected two Salm-Dyck illustrations to typify C. aequilaterus. One illustration

Polystichum californicum in eastern Washington (C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969, vol. 1). The sterile diploid hybrid between P. dudleyi and P. munitum is

features that appeared intermediate between the two species (J. E. Fairey 1969). The reticulated achenes and slender habit of this narrowly distributed

Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nev., N.Mex., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Wyo. P. H. Raven (1969) determined that Camissonia parvula is a self-compatible tetraploid and autogamous

hybrids with E. coccineus, E. ×roetteri, including E. ×lloydia. L. D. Benson (1969) misapplied the epithet neomexicanus to E. dasyacanthus. In Big Bend National

Such plants were part of the basis for L. D. Benson’s polyphyletic concept (1969, 1982) of E. fasciculatus var. boyce-thompsonii (see 8. E. fasciculatus)

3), ternately decompound into linear segments (C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969, vol. 3), palmately three-parted then bipinnately parted into ultimate linear

extending well up the stem in A. crispulum. As suggested by R. R. Ireland (1969), the “paraphyllia” in the type of A. paraphyllium Wareham are innovations

praemorsa, as previously done (P. A. Munz 1959; C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969, vol. 3). Greene wrote in his description of Viola bakeri that the whole

reports of its occurrence in the region reflect C.L. Hitchcock et al.'s (1969) treatment, in which E. caninus and E. trachycaulus were treated as conspecific

coccineus constituted the greater part of L. D. Benson’s concept (1969, 1969b, 1969c, 1982) of E. triglochidiatus var. melanacanthus (see also discussion

Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 1051 pp. Hitchcock, C.L., A. Cronquist, and M. Ownbey. 1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest, Vol. 1: Vascular Cryptogams, Gymnosperms

hairy rachillas than most plants of those species. C.L. Hitchcock et al. (1969) treated Elymus trachycaulus as a subspecies of E. caninus (see next); it

in Mexico (G. L. Nesom 2013). Validation of the epithet by M. C. Johnston (1969) was superfluous. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"

1919 and 1920 and have been recollected as recently as 1965. C. Jeffrey (1969) noted that the glandular inflorescences of B. dioica distinguish it from

areas of the Sierra Nevada and does not deserve recognition. M. F. Baad (1969) noted populations from Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, and Wyoming that he considered

hybridization. The reported habitat preference for limestone (L. D. Benson 1969) is erroneous; this species is a calcifuge, preferring soils poor in lime

Elevation: 1300-2800 m Generated Map Legacy Map Calif., Nev., Utah. M. F. Baad (1969) noted that var. subcongesta may be a xerophytic form of var. simulans. B

extreme northeastern Nevada (Elko County) and western Utah. P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) described this subspecies for populations that are somewhat intermediate

and morphologically between subspp. condensata and decorticans (P. H. Raven 1969). Populations from Inyo County, where they grow on limestone, have relatively

Nev., Oreg., Wash. Of conservation concern. C. L. Hitchcock et al. (1955-1969, vol. 2) considered the name Ranunculus triternatus A. Gray to be an illegitemate

Wash., Eurasia, n Africa. As past flora writers (C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969; E. G. Voss 1972–1996) have noted, the distinctions between Prunus spinosa

between var. horridulum and Cirsium repandum (R. J. Moore and C. Frankton 1969), and natural hybrids with C. pumilum var. pumilum have been reported. None

Belize. In the United States, it is known from collections made from 1896 to 1969 in coastal Alabama and Mississippi; it appears to be naturalized in the flora

flowers, and oblong-obconic capsules. Because of these differences, D. Löve (1969) maintained P. radicatum subsp. kluanense as distinct from the Utah (and

those features intergrade completely with var. macradenia. See M. F. Baad (1969) for his reasons for accepting var. parishiorum as a species. B. Maguire

but not here, are indistinct and sympatric (R. R. Gates 1918; R. G. Johnson 1969). The disjunct upper Michigan localities represent locally established waifs

separated by “a space equivalent to one tooth between each pair” (H. C. Gangulee 1969+, fasc. 2). The gametophyte of the genus is nearly identical with that of

appearance and phenology of adjacent groves or blocks of trees (B. V. Barnes 1969). Some individuals display a particularly rich, yellow autumn coloration

of the species’ range. Some botanists (e.g., R. J. Moore and C. Frankton 1969; D. S. Correll and M. C. Johnston 1970) have treated those plants as C. iowense

than 2.5 mm (C. Bogin 1955). Subspecies 2 (1 in the flora). Thieret, J. W. 1969b. Sagittaria guayanensis (Alismaceae) in Louisiana: New to the United States

“apparently well established in s.c. Oregon” (C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969, vol. 2). This species may have been reported from Provo, Utah, by Á. Löve

or depauperate specimens of K. parviflora as K. brachystylis (D. M. Porter 1969). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Kallstroemia"

elevations in the Santa Ana drainage of the San Bernardino Mountains. P. H. Raven (1969) indicated that there were occasional apparent hybrids between C. cheiranthifolia

remain distinct from his concept of M. albida, which included C. F. Reed’s (1969) comprehensive M. oblongifolia. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherT

[100-]700-1800 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., N.Mex., Tex., Mexico. C. F. Reed (1969) and subsequent authors have included one or more of Boerhavia coulteri,

the name V. mccabeiana needed to be abandoned. C. L. Hitchcock et al. (1955–1969, vol. 3) treated V. mccabeiana as synonymous with V. nephrophylla var. cognata

saximontanus. North American Scirpus erismanae and S. wilkensii (A. E. Schuyler 1969) were placed in synonymy under Schoenoplectus erectus (J. Raynal 1976). North

white petals, plant nearly glabrous throughout (C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969, vol. 3; H. J. Scoggan 1978–1979, part 3; A. Cronquist et al. 1997). Although

A. Bohm et al. 1984) nor morphological (J. C. Hickman and M. P. Johnson 1969) analyses have unequivocally supported the recognition of these infraspecific

variation in habit, leaf pubescence, and acorn morphology. J. M. Tucker (1961, 1969, 1971) and J. M. Tucker et al. (1961) have identified the major components

Wash. Carex preslii has been synonymized with C. pachystachya (A. Cronquist 1969; C. L. Hitchcock and A. Cronquist 1973; A. Cronquist et al. 1972+). None

sometimes making it difficult to find individuals of both sexes (Barnes 1969). Collecting representative materials and identifying poplars is also complicated

and Arctic regions, and in the tropics at high elevations. Ireland, R. R. 1969b. A Taxonomic Revision of the Genus Plagiothecium for North America, North

well-differentiated vegetative stem that supports the inflorescence. Thieret, J. W. 1969d. Notes on Epifagus. Castanea 34: 397–402. Epifagus virginiana window.pr

group as C. ramillosa. Coryphantha sulcata, with which L. D. Benson (1969b, 1969c, 1982) inexplicably united C. nickelsiae, is not closely related. Coryphantha

Mammillaria mainiae is not known from Nogales, Arizona, contrary to L. D. Benson (1969, 1982); it was originally discovered in Mexico somewhere south of Nogales

Calif., Nev., Utah. Reports of Grusonia pulchella in Arizona (L. D. Benson 1969, 1982; J. Lode 1993) are undocumented (B. D. Parfitt 1988) or lack adequate

was previously tested as a potential forage plant introduced from Syria in 1969. Salsola vermiculata sensu lato is designated as a federal noxious weed by

outcrossing, while B. aleutensis is predominantly self-fertilizing (C.L. Hitchcock 1969). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Bromus

and from Emery County south to San Juan County, Utah. P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) suspected this species to be self-incompatible, but did not have data to

the Kingston Range, San Bernardino County, California.P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-incompatible. It sometimes hybridizes

Elevation: 150–1500 m. Generated Map Legacy Map Idaho, Oreg., Wash. P. H. Raven (1969) determined Eremothera pygmaea to be self-compatible and autogamous. It is

its predominant autogamous, and sometimes cleistogamous, habit (P. H. Raven 1969). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Neoholmgrenia"

Josephine counties in Oregon. It has no close relatives in the genus (P. H. Raven 1969), an assertion supported by its early branching in molecular analyses (R

repandum occurs on the Atlantic coastal plain. R. J. Moore and C. Frankton (1969) suggested that Cirsium repandum originated through ancient hybridization

Silene nivea is occasionally weedy. It was introduced near Québec City (ca. 1969) but did not persist, and probably is not native also in Maine. None. None

County in New Mexico (east of Lordsburg, Jones in 1930, POM). P. H. Raven (1969) determined E. refracta to be self-incompatible. None. None. window.prop

Legacy Map Calif., Colo., Idaho, Nev., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Wyo. P. H. Raven (1969) determined Eremothera minor to be self-compatible and autogamous. The name

virginica produced only non-germinable seeds (R. Kral and P. E. Bostick 1969). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Rhexia"

Texas, and Kane, Millard, Tooele, and Washington counties, Utah. P. H. Raven (1969) determined Eremothera chamaenerioides to be self-compatible and autogamous

indicated in the key. This disposition agrees with the conclusions of M. F. Baad (1969). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Eremogone"

by very small (5.5-7 mm high × 12.5-18 mm wide), shallow cups (K. Laughlin 1969). Quercus shumardii reportedly hybridizes with Q. buckleyi, Q. falcata (=

Map Alta., B.C., Sask., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nev., Utah, Wyo. P. H. Raven (1969) determined that Taraxia breviflora is self-compatible and primarily autogamous

Lyon, Ormsby, Pershing, Storey, and southern Washoe counties. P. H. Raven (1969) presumed Eremothera nevadensis to be self-compatible. None. None. window

California, as well as from adjacent areas of northwestern Mexico. P. H. Raven (1969) determined that Eulobus californicus is self-compatible and primarily autoga­mous

Oenothera rutila or, more recently, O. boothii subsp. rutila. P. H. Raven (1969) saw no evidence that the various populations with this combination of characteristics

of G. heterozygum or that it is derived from G. heterozygum (L. B. Thien 1969). Gayophytum oligospermum has been reported from the summit of Breckenridge

California (Mono Lake, Mono County, and central Inyo counties). P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-compatible and autogamous. None. None

Elevation: 300-900 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., Calif., Nev. L. D. Benson (1969) segregated plants of the southern Arizona populations, which are less robust

anserina, and are probably the same entity. Following the argument by J. Soják (1969) that trinomials by Trattinnick are subspecies, the epithet groenlandica

forage is consumed. Since it was first reported in west-central Idaho in 1969, it has spread rapidly in western rangelands, forming infestations in several

of Gayophytum heterozygum (H. Lewis and J. Szweykowski 1964; L. B. Thien 1969). This species is morphologically intermediate between G. eriospermum and

as assumed, since it is difficult to spot in the field. P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-compatible and autogamous. None. None

French Peak and Skull Mountain in southern Nye County. P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-compatible, but outcrossing. None. None

The species occasionally grows sympatrically with N. andina (P. H. Raven 1969). It is known from Chelan, Douglas, Grant, Kittitas, Okanagan, and Yakima

from Arizona. Persistent reports of C. alversonii for Arizona (L. D. Benson 1969, 1982) are based on a misidentified fragment of either C. vivipara var. rosea

Distinguishing leaf forms of M. oblongifolia as circumscribed by C. F. Reed (1969) from western races of M. albida becomes untenable, as proposed by B. L.

and distribution maps. The Arizona report of C. alversonii (L. D. Benson 1969) was based upon misidentified C. chlorantha or C. vivipara var. rosea. None

extremes are diploid. The epithet marstonii [apparently based by L. D. Benson (1969) on C. vivipara] has been misapplied to the various Arizona and Utah populations

and specific rank, arrayed in two subgenera. C. L. Hitchcock et al. (1955–1969, vol. 3) described P. lewisii as being extremely variable in both vegetative

rDNA sequence data. Molec. Ecol. 12: 141–151. Moore, R. J. and C. Frankton. 1969. Cytotaxonomy of some Cirsium species of the eastern United States, with

occurrences in the highlands of Hidalgo and Tamaulipas, Mexico (J. W. Thieret 1969d, 1971). Different degrees of anthocyanin production among populations have

Bull. Soc. Animat. Jard. Inst. Bot., Montreal 9(3): 1--94. Barbour, M. G. 1969. Patterns of genetic similarity between Larrea divaricata of North and South

United States. M.S. thesis. West Virginia University. Santamour, F.S.Jr. 1969b. Cytology of Magnolia hybrids. I. Morris Arbor. Bull. 20(4): 63-65. Thien

The three species in this genus are narrow allopatric endemics. Ornduff, R. 1969b. Ecology, morphology, and systematics of Jepsonia (Saxifragaceae). Brittonia

465–492. Cronquist, A. 1955. Compositae. In: C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. Seattle. Vol. 5. Cronquist, A

in Brewster and Pecos counties, and adjacent regions of Mexico (C. F. Reed 1969b). It was also tentatively reported for New Mexico, but no localities were

Nijs and T. Panhorst 1980; den Nijs et al. 1980, 1985; see also W. Harris 1969, 1973) indicate that the situation is more complicated. They postulated the

Lindley appears in floras and popular books (e.g., H. León 1946; E. Foldats 1969–1970, part 5; C. D. Adams 1972; C. A. Luer 1972; R. L. Dressler 1993; H.

often many months after fruits matured and plants were green (P. H. Raven 1969). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Epilobium

Generated Map Legacy Map Calif., Idaho, Nev., Oreg., Wash. P. H. Raven (1969) determined that the majority of plants examined cytologically were tetraploid

spectrum. Some New England references (R. C. Bean et al. 1967; F. C. Seymour 1969) distinguish plants with densely white-hairy adaxial leaflet surfaces as

is disjunct in Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. J. R. Beaudry (1969) reported a diploid from Smithville, Dekalb County, Tennessee; that has not

lecontei occurs on the southern coastal plain. R. J. Moore and C. Frankton (1969) suggested that it originated as a derivative of ancient hybridization between

latifolium belongs. The latter position was suggested by E. Nyholm (1954–1969) and W. C. Steere (1978), and was recently confirmed by molecular phylogenetic

only occurrence in Colorado is in Moffat and Routt counties. P. H. Raven (1969) determined Taraxia subacaulis to be self-compatible and, usually, facultatively

separate taxa in the past (F. J. Hermann 1964; C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969, vol. 1), but more recently, most of the variants have not been separated

allopatric, mostly intergrading species (W. P. Bemis and T. W. Whitaker 1965, 1969). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Cucurbita"

Legacy Map Ariz., Colo., N.Mex., Tex., Utah, Wyo. We agree with M. F. Baad (1969) in not formally recognizing varieties within Eremogone fendleri. B. Maguire

Lincoln County, Nevada, to northern Mohave County, Arizona. P. H. Raven (1962, 1969) determined this species to be self-incompatible. It hybridizes with C. brevipes

from trans-Pecos Texas, but no reliable specimens were seen by C. F. Reed (1969b). The presence of that species in the United States needs confirmation,

and alluvium of very specific rock types. It has been suggested (R. Ornduff 1969b) that both the mineral content and texture of the substrate influence the

treated as species, P. flexuosa antedates P. labradorica (as noted by J. Soják 1969), while P. monspeliensis, although commonly used for the American race, is

of individual specimens out of context may not be definitive. G. W. Argus (1969, 1973) treated these taxa as subspecies based on their intergradation in

perennial habit. Rumex obovatus was reported for Louisiana by J. W. Thieret (1969c), who followed determinations by K. H. Rechinger. It is known also from

for North America from Saint Tammany Parish, Louisiana, by J. W. Thieret (1969c). Its status in North America is uncertain; J. H. Horton (1972) excluded

history of being confused with P. denticulatum in North America (R. R. Ireland 1969b). Plagiothecium laetum can be distinguished by its small leaves, 0.7–2.6

echinus was recombined as variety of central Mexican C. cornifera (L. D. Benson 1969c); however, they belong to different species groups. The showy flowers of

Celosia palmeri has been reported from Cameron County, Texas (C. F. Reed 1969b) and the trans-Pecos region of Texas (C. F. Reed 1970). We have been able

tobacco industry in Virginia and, later, in the other colonies (C.B. Heiser 1969). Although many plants were used as hallucinogens in Mexico, only a very

reported for the Gulf Coast region, based on a Louisiana specimen (R. R. Ireland 1969b). However, it was re-examined and found to be a misidentified specimen of

(as M. scheeri var. valida) was based were a mixture of both. L. D. Benson (1969c) described C. scheeri var. uncinata based on an unusual specimen of the

occur in central Alberta (W.A. Bell 1949; C.G.K. Ramanujam and W.N. Stewart 1969; J.A. Wolfe and G.R. Upchurch 1987b), and slightly older ones (Campanian

wide-ranging taxa is a common theme (C.McMillan 1959; J.A. Quinn and R.T. Ward 1969). Species richness increases with topographic diversity, precipitation, and

especially if it is growing singly in a culture dish (E.J. Klekowski Jr. 1969). Thus it is possible to have intragametophytic selfing, the fertilization

Vancouverian Province, and the authors, such as C.L. Hitchcock et al. (1955--1969) and C.L. Hitchcock and A. Cronquist (1973), of the regional treatments that

not hold for Pacific North America (G.L. Stebbins 1984, 1986; J.G. Packer 1969). Furthermore, better knowledge of the principal genera involved, such as Calamagrostis

Macbride (1892--1976), Edwin Payson (1893--1927), Louis Butler Payson (1895--1969), George Goodman (b. 1904), Louis O. Williams (1908--1990), and Reed C. Rollins