papillose. Seeds 1–1.3 mm, dull, finely papillose. 2n = 40. Phenology: Flowering May–Aug(-Nov). Habitat: Muddy shores, dunes, waste places, railroad ballasts,
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skin separating from pulp; lenticels absent. 2n = 38. Phenology: Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Aug–Sep. Habitat: Stream banks, perennial springs, canyons.
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appearing slightly inflated, longer than deep, 3–7 mm. Phenology: Flowering Mar–May. Habitat: Grasslands, forest openings, meadows, roadsides, sometimes on serpentine
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white, 2.5–3.5 mm. Fruits ovoid to subglobose, 2–2.5 mm. Phenology: Flowering May–Jul, sometimes again Sep–Oct. Habitat: Bottomlands, swamps, stream margins
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8 mm, orifice oblique. Achenes not constricted, dull. Phenology: Fruiting May–Jun. Habitat: Marshes, stream banks Elevation: 0–400 m Generated Map Legacy
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not at all on overcast days, and fruits may form from self-pollination. Some species, notably D. intermedia, may exhibit vegetative proliferation, portions
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Flaveriinae; Raillardella and allies in Madiinae). Additional information may be found in B. G. Baldwin et al. (2002), H. Robinson (1981), and B. Nordenstam
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5, uniseriate. Drupes red, 6–8 mm diam., punctate. Phenology: Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Jul–Dec. Habitat: Acidic soil of suburban and urban woodlands
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often contributes to difficulty in identifying specimens, and in some cases may have contributed to complex local and regional patterns of variation in flower
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of living cells. Accordingly, the peristomes are not homologous. The teeth may be simple (with a single median line), or compound (the outlines of two teeth
12 KB (1,107 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
These vestiture types may be geographically distributed (and useful taxonomically) or mixed within a population. Short shoots may develop few to many flowers
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angular, 5–7 × 3.5–4.5 mm, lustrous. 2n = 30. Phenology: Flowering (late Mar-)May–Jun(-Aug). Habitat: Shaded bluffs, ravine slopes, and upper (infrequently
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Pomes dark purple or almost black, 10 mm diam. 2n = 4x. Phenology: Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Jul–Aug. Habitat: Open woods, rocky banks, shores, calcareous
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densely hairy (or glabrous). Pomes 10–15 mm diam. 2n = 4x. Phenology: Flowering May–Jul; fruiting Jul–Aug. Habitat: Stream banks and shores, lake shores, mountainsides
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densely hairy. Pomes blackish purple, 10 mm diam. 2n = 4x. Phenology: Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Jul–Sep. Habitat: Calcareous shores, gravel beaches, cliffs
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bluish black, 10 mm diam. 2n = 4x. Phenology: Flowering Mar–Jul; fruiting May–Aug. Habitat: Basaltic ledges, cliffs, and bluffs along streams, stony soil
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bases; paleas 7-13 mm, acute, usually bidentate; anthers 2-3.5 mm. Anthesis May to July. 2n = 28, rarely 42. Generated Map Legacy Map Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash
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Berries sour, bright red, globose, 6–10 mm, glabrous. Phenology: Flowering Apr–May. Habitat: Mesic habitats in disturbed woods, thickets, roadsides, old homesteads
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group composed of two subfamilies, Betuloideae and Coryloideae. Betulaceae may have been derived from hamamelidaceous stock (O. Tippo 1938); this idea has
11 KB (1,145 words) - 22:52, 5 November 2020
complex may be viewed as having three species, S. alabamensis, S. jonesii, and S. rubra, two of which have subspecies, as we present here; or it may be viewed
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disc florets and their investing paleae); pappi 0 (shoulders of cypselae may bear 1–3 pappus-like, triangular to ovate, or ± subulate enations). x = 9
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has escaped locally on Dauphin Island, Alabama (H. Horne, pers. comm.). It may escape locally elsewhere but might not become naturalized in the flora area
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pathogens may cause stunting. Species with awns on the lemmas frequently exhibit a developmental gradient within the inflorescence. Upper florets may possess
26 KB (1,459 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
intergradation that blur the lines between taxa. Aconites from different regions may be morphologically distinct but connected by a series of intermediate races
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in North America that may be difficult to separate in areas where their ranges overlap. Very closely related species, which may be conspecific, are C.
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and staminodes otherwise white or pink. Phenology: Flowering spring–summer (May–Sep). Habitat: Disturbed hammocks and thickets Elevation: 0–30 m Generated
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petals white, 6–11 mm; styles 3.5–5(–7) mm. 2n = 32. Phenology: Flowering May–Aug(–Oct). Habitat: Stream banks, forested canyon bottoms, rocky slopes, cliffs
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hooked when dried; gynophore (stipe) 0.4–0.8 mm. Phenology: Flowering Feb–May. Habitat: Brushlands, gullies, hillsides and flats Elevation: 0-2100 m Generated
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stipitate-glandular; corolla usually densely puberulent adaxially. Phenology: Flowering Apr–May. Habitat: Shrubby bogs, pocosins, streamhead ecotones, pine savannas Elevation:
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expanded distally), apex acute-apiculate. 2n = 18. Phenology: Flowering (Apr–)May–Jun(–Aug). Habitat: Dry slopes, ridges, lower chaparral and coastal sage scrub
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plants for food and fiber developed numerous cultivars, including many that may be the results of hybridization or mutation events resulting in fully or partially
19 KB (1,096 words) - 22:18, 5 November 2020
recognition of more or less distinct series; the delimitation of some series may warrant further attention. Most groups with leaf lobes absent, for example
25 KB (651 words) - 00:00, 6 November 2020
lengths. For example, stems of Rubus flagellaris may be as much as 3 dm above the ground even though the stems may be several meters long. Rubus inflorescences
28 KB (2,139 words) - 22:34, 14 December 2021
need for a full revision. Certain Weissia species with erect leaf margins may have a somewhat cucullate leaf apex similar to that of T. crispulum, but the
13 KB (1,221 words) - 20:12, 19 May 2021
inflated, lobes ± abrupt, deeper than long, 4–5 mm. Phenology: Flowering Mar–May(–Jun). Habitat: Grasslands, chaparral, savannas, stream or pool margins. Elevation:
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Corollas 26–31 mm; tube 9–14 mm; beak 9–14 mm. 2n = 24. Phenology: Flowering May–Aug. Habitat: Dry rocky slopes, alpine and open subalpine forests. Elevation:
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reddish green. Berries globose, 4–8 mm diam. 2n = 40. Phenology: Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Aug–Sep. Habitat: Open woods, prairie ravines, rocky banks and
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proximally and minute, retrorse barbs near tip. 2n = 12. Phenology: Flowering May–Aug. Habitat: Grasslands, savannas, sandy, calcareous, or clay-based soils
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black. 2n=28. [P. Goldblatt 1976] Phenology: Flowering spring–summer (mid-May–Jul). Habitat: Coastal thickets, hammocks, commonly found on limestone or
3 KB (268 words) - 22:51, 5 November 2020
Berries oblate to subglobose, 7–15 mm diam. 2n = 40. Phenology: Flowering late May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. Habitat: Stream banks, edges of swamp forests, floodplain
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fragrant; petals white or pink, 6–8 mm. Fruits 5–7 mm. Phenology: Flowering Mar–May. Habitat: Acidic soils in seepage bogs ("hillside bogs," "pitcher-plant bogs")
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Basionym: Ophioglossum japonicum Thunberg ex Murray Syst. Veg. ed. 14, 926. May–June 1784 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Treatment on page 116. Illustrator:
3 KB (255 words) - 21:21, 5 November 2020
5-6 mm. 2n = 20, 30, and 40. Phenology: Flowering late spring–early fall (May–Oct). Habitat: In rich bottomlands along streams, in flood plains, and on
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Berries 6-9 mm. Seeds mostly 2. 2n = 20. Phenology: Flowering spring–summer (May-early Jul); fruiting summer–fall (Sep–Dec). Habitat: Old home sites, woodlands
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Seeds 5–11, black, orbicular, 0.5 mm, shiny. 2n = 44. Phenology: Flowering May–Aug. Habitat: Gravelly soils Elevation: 1500-3800 m Generated Map Legacy Map
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Nutlets 1–3, tubercles (as long as wide) awl-shaped. Phenology: Flowering Mar–May. Habitat: Moist meadows, vernal pools Elevation: 0-600 m Generated Map Legacy
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scarlet, 6–10 mm. Seeds oily, fleshy. 2n = 52. Phenology: Flowering late May–early Aug. Habitat: Damp humus, Sphagnum bogs, wet coniferous forests. Elevation:
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usually rounded, wrinkled near hilum; caruncle absent. Phenology: Flowering Mar–May and sporadically year-round. Habitat: Desert slopes and dry washes on igneous
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ovoid, 6-7 mm; pedicel 1-2 mm. Phenology: Flowering late winter–spring (Mar–May). Habitat: In deserts, canyons, mesas, washes, foothills, thickets, brushland
3 KB (254 words) - 22:50, 5 November 2020
flattened. Seeds 0.3 mm, shiny. 2n = 20 (Guyana), 22. Phenology: Flowering May–Nov. Habitat: Pine woods and barrens, roadsides, sand dunes, sandy fields
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Anthers: proximal pollen sac ca. 1/2 length of distal. Phenology: Flowering Apr–May. Habitat: Vernal pools, moist ground. Elevation: 0–800 m. Generated Map Legacy
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2 mm, not shiny, warty, strophiolate. 2n = 46, 92. Phenology: Flowering May–Jul. Habitat: Well-drained granitic talus slopes and ledges, often in ponderosa
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reproduction in many Iris species may be more important than sexual reproduction in their persistence, and many hybrid clones may persist for decades in sites
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sparsely hairy). Pomes dark purple, 7–12 mm diam. 2n = 4x. Phenology: Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Jun–Aug. Habitat: Swamps, bogs, thickets, shores Elevation:
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skin separating from pulp; lenticels absent. 2n = 38. Phenology: Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Sep–Oct. Habitat: Upland and lowland woods and forests, intermittently
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(5–)7–15 mm. Seeds 4–8, 2–2.5 mm diam. 2n = 24. Phenology: Flowering Jan–May. Habitat: Dry rocky slopes and cliff faces, often in canyons, most commonly
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corolla glabrous or slightly puberulent adaxially. Phenology: Flowering May–Jul. Habitat: Open bogs, swamps, wet areas Elevation: 0-800 m Generated Map
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(2006) analyzed Orthodontium lineare and indicated that stems of Orthodontium may produce branch-axes from epidermal cells, including perichaetial, perigonial
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5 × 1.1–3 cm. Seeds 1.5–2.5 × 1.1–2 cm. 2n = 24. Phenology: Flowering Apr–May(–Nov); fruiting year-round. Habitat: Pinelands, hammock margins, coastal scrub
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in the eastern United States (Barkworth and Capels 2000). Photosynthesis may be either C3 or C4. All three pathways are found in the subfamily, but the
10 KB (1,081 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
Halimium (Dunal) Spach, and Helianthemum Miller. Hairs on Cistaceae plants may be simple or stellate (comprising tight clusters or tufts of simple, unbranched
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weakly coherent, separating with torus attached. 2n = 28. Phenology: Flowering May–Oct. Habitat: Open woodlands, meadows, roadsides, disturbed areas Elevation:
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Mississippi; in the panhandle of Florida, it may start late March, while in North Carolina or Tennessee, it is in May. Fruit is ripe anywhere from late August
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(known only from the type collection) may be a product of V. baldwinii × V. marginata; V. ×georgiana Bartlett may refer to V. acaulis × V. angustifolia
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In gland-bearing lessingias, the glands may be stipitate and/or sessile (gland-dotted, sometimes in pits) and may be found on stems, leaves, and/or phyllaries
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bracteoles, although extraterritorial species may have a secondary bract and as many as four bracteoles, which may be modified as extrafloral nectaries. The
8 KB (979 words) - 21:29, 5 November 2020
August, with fruits maturing 16 months after pollination; seeds germinate in May. The principal hosts of Arceuthobium americanum are Pinus contorta var. latifolia
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Malvaviscus arboreus var. drummondii is common in the flora area; two other taxa may also be encountered. Variety drummondii has uniformly three-lobed, broad,
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of usually simple-stemmed species occasionally are branched. White flowers may occur in otherwise blue-flowered species, and vivipary occasionally occurs
21 KB (1,177 words) - 22:16, 5 November 2020
embryogeny with Alsinoideae and, as postulated by V. Bittrich (1993), the two may form a monophyletic group. Results from preliminary molecular studies by M
5 KB (588 words) - 23:10, 5 November 2020
distinguish subg. Deutzioides and subg. Macrothyrsus from subg. Philadelphus may be plesiomorphic. In this treatment, species one through four belong to subg
15 KB (1,477 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
comme physicien,” both named Young the poet may have been Edward Young (also dramatist), 1683–1765 the physician may have been Thomas Young (also physicist
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apex. Pyrenes (1 or)2. 2n = 68 (Germany). Phenology: Flowering May–Aug; fruiting Oct–May. Habitat: Thickets, meadows, sea cliffs, canyons, coastal chaparral
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sections recognized in this subgenus are found in the flora area. Although it may be difficult to be certain if a plant is native or introduced, certain assumptions
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coherent, separating with torus attached. 2n = 21, 28. Phenology: Flowering May–Jul. Habitat: Dry to damp open areas, sandy or rocky soil Elevation: 0–300
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antrorsely barbellulate bristles 0.5–3.5 mm (in P. vitreomontana all but 2–3 may be reduced to vestigial nubs); New Mexico, Texas Perityle sect. Pappothrix
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glabrous). Pomes purplish black, 6–10 mm diam. 2n = 4x. Phenology: Flowering Apr–May; fruiting Jul–Sep. Habitat: Dry rocky slopes, canyons, stream banks, mountainsides
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purple, pear-shaped, 10–15 mm diam. 2n = 2x, 3x, 4x. Phenology: Flowering May–Aug; fruiting Jul–Sep. Habitat: Cool woods, mountain slopes, summits, bogs
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2(5) mm, apices acute to truncate; anthers 0.9-2.2 mm. Anthesis from late May to July. 2n = 28. Generated Map Legacy Map Wash., D.C., Ill., Ky., Wyo., N
7 KB (638 words) - 17:23, 11 May 2021
Pomes dark purple-blue, 7.5–10 mm diam. 2n = 4x. Phenology: Flowering Mar–May; fruiting Jun–Jul. Habitat: Fields, sand-plain grasslands, heaths, glacial
5 KB (511 words) - 23:54, 5 November 2020
purple or almost black, 10 mm diam. 2n = 2x, 3x, 4x. Phenology: Flowering May–Jun; fruiting Jul–Aug. Habitat: Margins of woods, river ledges, shorelines
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earliest diverging lineages, and the cliff-dwelling habits of these two genera may be plesiomorphic for the family (Hufford et al. 2003). The species-rich genus
8 KB (699 words) - 20:18, 5 November 2020
Eriogoneae are imbedded within Eriogonum as presently circumscribed. Resolution may well come with the reduction of the subfamily to two genera, Eriogonum and
13 KB (1,373 words) - 21:23, 9 February 2021
(Jan–)May–Jul(–Nov). Habitat: Disturbed sites Elevation: 200–500 m Generated Map Legacy Map Introduced; Calif., Australia. Brachychiton populneus may be marginally
3 KB (190 words) - 23:20, 5 November 2020
monophyletic (Liang G. X. and Xing F. W. 2010). Their data imply that 1) erect stems may be more primitive than stolons or rosettes, 2) species with stigmatic beaks
8 KB (963 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
20. w North America, Mexico, e Asia (s to Japan). Juncus subg. Ensifolii may be polyphyletic. Juncus polycephalus shows affinities with J. scirpoides,
4 KB (188 words) - 21:30, 5 November 2020
2-6 mm, strigose, not plumose. 2n=14. Phenology: Flowering spring–summer (May–Aug). Habitat: Damp thickets, meadows, wet prairies, lake shores, streamsides
4 KB (411 words) - 22:49, 5 November 2020
pouched (less so than var. gracilis), 4.5–7 mm. Phenology: Flowering Apr–May. Habitat: Coastal grasslands, springs, roadsides, pastures. Elevation: 0–500
3 KB (305 words) - 20:24, 5 November 2020
beak 0.1–0.3 mm. Achenes not constricted, dull. 2n = 72. Phenology: Fruiting May–Jun. Habitat: Stream banks, ditches, seeps Elevation: 0–1200 m Generated Map
4 KB (374 words) - 21:42, 5 November 2020
mm; tube 15–20 mm; beak 9–20 mm. 2n = 24, 48. Phenology: Flowering (Apr–)May–Aug. Habitat: Open forests, rocky slopes, canyons, sagebrush hillsides. Elevation:
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ovoid, 0.7–0.8 × 0.5–0.6 mm, wings absent. 2n = 38. Phenology: Flowering May–Aug; fruiting Sep–Nov. Habitat: Roadsides, rangeland, thorn scrub. Elevation:
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ellipsoid to clavate, 2.4–5 × 0.7–2.6 cm. 2n = 24. Phenology: Flowering Mar–May; fruiting Jun–Nov. Habitat: Moist, often slightly acidic and sandy soils,
5 KB (460 words) - 23:45, 5 November 2020
puberulent, with small whitish lenticels. 2n = 30. Phenology: Flowering Apr–May, Aug. Habitat: Dry rocky or shaly outcrops and river bluffs. Elevation: 500–1000
4 KB (414 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
prominently ribbed longitudinally. 2n = 14, 28 (both Europe). Phenology: Flowering May–Oct. Habitat: Gravelly railroad rights-of-way, road shoulders, urban areas
4 KB (453 words) - 20:37, 5 November 2020
long as beak; teeth erect, white, 0.5–1 mm. 2n = 24. Phenology: Flowering (May–)Jun–Jul. Habitat: Open pine forests and grasslands, rocky balds and dry subalpine
4 KB (386 words) - 20:24, 5 November 2020
incurved, deep green to reddish, 1–1.5 mm. 2n = 24. Phenology: Flowering (May–)Jun–Aug(–Sep). Habitat: Open conifer forests, rocky or sandy slopes, montane
4 KB (399 words) - 20:24, 5 November 2020
2 cm. Berries black, globose, 6–10 mm, not glaucous. Phenology: Flowering May–Jun. Habitat: Wet to dry woods, thickets, bottomlands Elevation: 0–400 m Generated
4 KB (336 words) - 22:18, 5 November 2020
in fruit. Achenes: body 2.5-3 mm. 2n=32. Phenology: Flowering spring (Apr–May). Habitat: Damp, frequently acidic, wooded hillsides Elevation: 600-1000 m
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glabrous. Seeds beige to bronze, 0.3–1.5 mm. 2n = 34. Phenology: Flowering Mar–May. Habitat: Prairies, open woodlands, fields, pastures, roadsides, lawns, waste
3 KB (319 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
Drupes ellipsoid to ovoid, 6–8 mm, dry. 2n = 36. Phenology: Flowering spring (May–early Jun). Habitat: Mesophytic forests Elevation: 400–500 m Generated Map
3 KB (203 words) - 23:23, 5 November 2020