solitary pistillate flower surrounded by (0–)1–80 staminate flowers, entire structure termed the cyathium), in monochasia, dichasia, pleiochasia, cymose clusters
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Amer. J. Bot. 89: 1478–1484. Iketani, H. and H. Ohashi. 1991. Anatomical structure of fruits and evolution of the tribe Sorbeae in the subfamily Maloideae
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linear to oblanceolate or ovate. Flowers (1–)2–30(–100) per involucral structure, occasionally with stipelike base distal to articulations (Eriogonum);
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sometimes winged; lodicules 2, fleshy, usually connate into a single structure, without a membranous wing, truncate, not ciliate, not or scarcely veined;
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some Polygala), often whitish pubescent, usually arillate (the aril-like structure from integuments, not funiculus, thus called an arillode by some, a caruncle
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spikelet would be. Inflorescence Structure Further complexity is introduced to the Andropogoneae inflorescence structure by the manner in which the spikelet
26 KB (2,165 words) - 18:57, 11 May 2021
species. Spikelets with 1-7 bisexual florets, terminating in a sterile structure, the rudiment, composed of 1-4 sterile florets; rudiments sometimes morphologically
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including habit, leaf structure and arrangement, trichome morphology, wood anatomy, inflorescence morphology, ovary and ovule structure, pollen morphology
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a whorl of leaflike bracts about midlength; not treated as a distinct structure here). Involucres 1 per node, rarely 2–3 per cluster, not appressed to
18 KB (535 words) - 20:40, 22 September 2022
occasionally corrugate near base; inner leaves 1–10, rolled into fusiform structure, unmodified, or shortened and oriented at 90° angles to outer leaves. Leaves
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Dicranaceae; both families have similar peristomes but differ principally in leaf structure. None. Fissidens window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[];
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recognized both sections based on differences in stem morphology, petiole structure, and pollen morphology. J. C. Hickman (1984) described sect. Monticola
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unbranched or 2-fid. Seeds: caruncle absent (except for a carunclelike structure in E. carunculata). North America, Mexico, West Indies, Bermuda, Central
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sometimes extended proximally as cylindric syrinx (tubular or ringlike structure at juncture of tube and utricle, projecting into utricle cavity) and distally
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petal-like; anthers 2-locular; 2 connate staminodes forming petal-like structure (lip) opposite fertile stamen, sometimes also with 2 petal-like or rudimentary
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Beilschmied, and Helicteroideae Meisner. Malvaceae range widely in inflorescence structure; all members share a basic repeating bicolor unit (a terminal flower and
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Megaspore spheric, 0.2–0.6 mm, topped with dark, conic, slightly narrower structure (indusium) covering 3 [9] floats and a blue-green algal colony. Microsporocarps
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very few archegonia. Antheridial plants reduced to a 1-stratose, 2-lipped structure enclosing a single spherical antheridium, arising from a short branch of
2 KB (167 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
margins usually toothed with 1–15 teeth per side, teeth similar in size and structure to those of blades; blade linear, 1-veined, sometimes armed with prickles
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variable in length, absent or nearly so to short-excurrent, variable in structure (bryoides-type, oblongifolius-type, taxifolius-type); laminal cells usually
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(sometimes absent) and fused with the glabrous callus to form a cuplike structure; upper glumes lanceolate to ovate, glabrous or variously pubescent, 3-9-veined
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or less conspicuous peltate indusium (W. L. Wagner et al. 2007). This structure, long known in Gaura and Stenosiphon because it is conspicuous throughout
18 KB (1,909 words) - 17:56, 2 December 2022
holoparasitic, lacking a rhizomelike or cormlike underground vegetative structure; roots short, sometimes coralloid. Stems erect, white or yellow, rarely
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perennial; achlorophyllous, holoparasitic, with rhizomelike vegetative structure, surfaces tessellate or with irregular scaly plates, roots absent. Stems
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achlorophyllous, holoparasitic, roots coralloid, from among scales of cormlike structure. Stems absent. Leaves absent. Inflorescences terminal, open panicles of
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slightly convex, deeply pitted (pits collectively forming honeycombed structure, each pit ± enveloping a disc floret, pit borders irregularly toothed to
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[10–]20–30. Pistillate flowers: ovary glabrous, subtended by calyxlike structure; styles connate 1/8–1/2 length, 2-fid apically. Seeds: caruncle absent
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fruit in Beta, 1-locular with single, basally attached ovule. Fruiting structures: bracteoles or fruiting bracts brown, black, or reddish brown, monomorphic
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appressed to the rachises, bases straight, seated in a ciliate, cuplike structure, sometimes with a 0.5-2 mm callus, calluses pilose, axes not extending
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achlorophyllous, holoparasitic, with perennial, tuberlike underground vegetative structure attached to host root, dark brown or black, with a sclerenchymatous, knobby
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5–)15–45(–54) cm, arising from underground, ovoid, vegetative, cormlike structure covered with imbricate scale leaves and short, coralloid, adventitious
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achlorophyllous, holoparasitic, with a tuberlike underground vegetative structure attached to host root, surface divided into polygonal plates, roots absent
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perianth absent; stigma 2-lobed. Fruiting structure: bracts forming flattened, samaralike fruiting structure around utricle, margins thickened, spongy
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spathe and the unique vasculature of the structure traditionally interpreted as a spathe (T. S. Ray 1987). The structure that has been called a spathe in Acorus
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South America (Hufford et al.). Brown, D. K. and R. B. Kaul. 1981. Floral structure and mechanism in Loasaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 68: 361–372. Carlquist, S. 1984
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usually ovoid to nearly globose, surface variable depending on orientation, structure, and relative connation of pistil apices. Seed usually 1 per pistil, ovoid
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tinged with purple, 4.5–13 cm; filaments connate proximally into collarlike structure, 3.2–12 mm, fleshy, pubescent; anthers 5–7 mm; pistil 4.5–8 × 0.7–1.2 cm
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elsewhere, soboles from ± woody caudices may be the most generalized type of structure, from which have evolved several other major types (R. C. Keating et al
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repeatedly branched, branches 2–20, 1–4 mm thick, and the whole ± stellate structure sometimes reaching 20 mm. Very scattered and local in tropics, North America
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[2- or]3–6-locular; placenta bilamelate, often protruding as a peltate structure; ovules 12–180 per locule, biseriate or multiseriate. Fruits berries, green
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modifications in Brothera, Campylopus, and Paraleucobryum and a peristome structure identical with that of Dicranum (M. R. Crosby and R. E. Magill 1977). Robinson
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burlike or nutlike, spiny or winged perygynia, or shed with accessory structures) fusiform, obovoid, prismatic, or pyriform, sometimes obcompressed and
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arising opposite next leaf axil, junction with pedicel abrupt or not, entire structure recurved. Flowers small, borne beneath leaves; perianth rotate or campanulate;
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Geraniaceae in the Geraniales because of the similarity of habit and floral structure, especially the fruits that separate into mericarps, as do those in Geraniaceae
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taken with little attention to the presence or absence of reproductive structures. Reproductive features are most important in separating species of Potamogeton
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corrugate, apex acute to apiculate; inner leaves rolled into hardened fusiform structure. Leaves submersed, ± spirally arranged, sessile, delicate; stipules persistent
4 KB (393 words) - 19:33, 6 November 2020
staminate terminal, spikelike thyrses, cymules densely crowded in conelike structure; pistillate axillary, solitary flowers; bisexual as in staminate with solitary
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present. Pistillate flowers: tepals 4, connate, forming persistent saclike structure covered with delicate, hooked hairs and completely enclosing mature, flattened
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polygamomonoecious; commonly with multicellular, stalked, caducous, spheric structures (pearl glands); tendrils usually present, rarely absent. Leaves alternate
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flowers lack nectar and are ephemeral, lasting only a few hours. Their structure is seldom preserved in dried specimens. In the absence of well-pressed
6 KB (457 words) - 21:30, 5 November 2020
nectar and is buzz-pollinated. Copeland, H. F. 1947. Observations on the structure and classification of the Pyroleae. Madroño 9: 65-102. Wallace, G. D. 1975
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L. 1992. Floral structure of Besseya and Synthyris (Scrophulariaceae). Int. J. Pl. Sci. 153: 217–229. Hufford, L. 1992b. Leaf structure of Besseya and Synthyris
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1 Flowers and achenes partially to completely enclosed in scalelike structure (perigynium); perigynium in axil of scale; flowers unisexual (see Plate
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upright stems); abaxial groove absent; base decurrent, forming saclike structure with stem; margins with soft spiny projections, 0.1–0.2 mm; apex acuminate
4 KB (384 words) - 23:53, 20 February 2024
corrugate, apex subulate to obtuse; inner leaves rolled into hardened fusiform structure. Leaves submersed, ± spirally arranged, sessile, delicate to coarse; stipules
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in cross section, (2.8–)4.1–5.2 × 1.2–2(–3.4) mm, smooth; carunclelike structure linear, 0.4–0.5 × 0.1–0.2 mm. Phenology: Flowering and fruiting summer–fall
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Crocus cultivars and even some wild species. Arber, A. 1921. The leaf structure of the Iridaceae. Ann. Bot. (Oxford) 35: 301–336. Goldblatt, P. 1975. Revision
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similarities in many characters, including secondary chemistry and salt gland structure. Cheng, Z. M., Pan H. X., and Yin L. K. 2000. Study on the phytochemistry
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distally 4-winged or ribbed, wings merging in pairs, forming pocketlike structure just distal to many leaf nodes and decussate with petioles of that node;
3 KB (329 words) - 11:33, 9 May 2022
pistillate inflorescences; rames distichous, similar in thickness and structure, axes disarticulating below the sessile spikelets after pollination, abscission
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is made up of bracts, while the cupule has been shown to be a complex structure that is interpreted as an indurated, condensed, partial inflorescence formed
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sporocarp wall allows the sporocarp contents to be hydrated. A gelatinous structure emerges from the sporocarp, breaking it into valves and carrying the sori
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perianth segments 5, connate to above middle; stamens 5; stigmas 3. Fruiting structure: connate perianth segments enclosing utricle, at maturity forming horizontal
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"one end of a transformation series embodied by the reduced gynoecial structure and indehiscent fruit of other Poales such as Flagellaria and Ecdeiocolea"
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short-columnar); thecae connate-fused into continuous, horizontal ring as a single structure (synanther), forming a head, dehiscing by continuous slit, connective broad;
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hairs. Urtica 3 Tepals of pistillate flowers connate, forming saclike structure tightly enclosing mature achene, covered with delicate, hooked hairs. Hesperocnide
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abaxial surfaces hairy, hairs to 0.5 mm; upper ligules 1-3 mm, similar in structure and pubescence; blades 1-3.5 mm wide, abaxial surfaces smooth or scabrous
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base not corrugate, apex rounded; inner leaves rolled into linear, terete structure, oriented parallel to outer leaves. Leaves submersed, ± spirally arranged
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indusium present, outer indusium fused with inner one to form cup or tubular structure containing sporangia. Dennstaedtia
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because relatively few macroscopic characters are provided by the simple structure characteristic of the genus (only two leaves, basal, without blades or
13 KB (1,284 words) - 21:44, 5 November 2020
minor differences in capsule shape, operculum development, and peristome structure. The two main subgenera of Ptychostomum reflect those species with relatively
6 KB (577 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: inflorescence A Top Level Property A Ament Anthela Axial glomerule architecture Axillary and terminal
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pistillate florets: corollas sometimes none (cypselae shed with accessory structures or within burs); staminate florets: anthers usually distinct (staminal
24 KB (1,707 words) - 21:07, 5 November 2020
temperate and boreal forests. Splachnaceae differs from Meesiaceae in the structure of the capsule, which in Splachnaceae is erect with a mitrate calyptra
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in 1814. Its primary distinguishing features are the unusual spikelet structure combined with the indurate to coriaceous upper florets. Recent molecular
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Paulownia. J. Huazhong Agric. Univ. 16: 609–613. Millsaps, V. 1936. The structure and development of the seed of Paulownia tomentosa Steud. J. Elisha Mitchell
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Heliamphora is primitive in the family (B. Maguire 1978) because its pitcher structure is less complex. All three genera have specializations, and their pitcher
5 KB (538 words) - 23:45, 5 November 2020
Hook. & Am. Amer. J. Bot. 32:66-72 Harlan, J.R. 1945b. Natural breeding structure in the Bromus carinatus complex as determined by population analyses. Amer
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glands that may secrete water or calcium salts, or multicelled glandlike structures. Leaves often basal, alternate, spiralled; stipules absent; petiole present
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embryo, leaf, and inflorescence morphology, as well as the intermediate structure of the eastern Asian B. planiculmis. The similarities between Bolboschoenus
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16c, pp. 174–178. Nowicke, J. W. and J. J. Skvarla. 1982. Pollen fine structure and relationships of Achatocarpus Triana and Phaulothamnus A. Gray. Taxon
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similar to Thuidiaceae but had the sporophyte, especially the peristome structure, of Anomodon. Crum placed Thelia in Thuidiaceae by its differentiated stem
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Cypselae (black to brown) obflattened (± winged, shed alone without accessory structures); pappi 0, or persistent, of 2 awns (± confluent with cypsela shoulders
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shoots or pedicels usually with minute, scarious or hardened bractlike structures at base. Flowers bisexual, perianth and androecium perigynous; epicalyx
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present, pubescent, variable, resembling the second floret, a 3-awned structure with 2 membranous scales, or a prolongation of the rachilla. Caryopses
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: undefined None. None.
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: leaf A Top Level Property C Capitular leaf Cataphyll Cauline Central leaflet shape Comal-leaf Crozier
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without formal taxonomic standing. Among the fleshy-fruited genera, embryo structure has been taxonomically important. In the bony-seeded genera (Mosiera, Myrtus
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: flower A subproperty of inflorescence A Part of inflorescence C Capitulum Capitulum shape D Disc Disc
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type represents an analogous or homologous pattern. However, one type of structure (soboles) is found in at least some taxa of all perennial sections and
26 KB (1,416 words) - 17:40, 2 December 2022
petals [4–]5, proximal 2 distinct, modified into fleshy oil-secreting structures flanking ovary, distal [2–]3 distinct or connate basally, petaloid, forming
5 KB (541 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
pubescent with small glands and hairs, hairs with or without cystoliths (structures within cells with basal calcium carbonate concretions or crystals). Stems
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1500–3000 m Generated Map Legacy Map Alta., B.C., Sask., Mont., Utah. The leaf structure of Botrychium paradoxum is uniform and unique. Very rare teratological
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between the floral bract and fertile structures; the two nectaries may be distinct or connate into a cup-like structure. Staminate flowers usually have two
32 KB (4,205 words) - 23:31, 5 November 2020
but in the large forms of typical A. pennula the stem is not a solitary structure. Instead it resembles a compact, intergrown bush, made up of numerous tiny
3 KB (310 words) - 21:24, 5 November 2020
America. Species 1: w North America. Species 1 Copeland, H. F. 1938. The structure of Allotropa. Madroño 4: 137–153. Allotropa virgata window.propertiesF
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familial recognition. Shaw, A. J. 1984. A reinterpretation of peristome structure in Pseudoditrichum mirabile Steere and Iwatsuki (Pseudoditrichaceae). Bryologist
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controversial. D. L. Nickrent et al. (2010) and J. Kuijt (2013) argued that this structure is sepalar in origin, and that interpretation is followed here. The corolla
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usually difficult to discern, ending a few cells before apex, variable in structure, basically taxifolius-type; lamina cells 1- to 4-stratose at leaf margin
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compressed into tight rosettes, sometimes internodes extended and rosette structure lost. Leaf blades 0.4–1.4 cm, abaxial surface pilose to sericeous. Inflorescences
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the style and the five fertile stamens, forming a prominent arrow-shaped structure. The fruit is a many-seeded capsule. Genus Genera 1, species 225 (1 species
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Shaffer-Fehre, M. 1991. The endotegmen tuberculae: An account of little-known structures from the seed coat of the Hydrocharitoideae (Hydrocharitaceae) and Najas
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wing-margined; seed coats without wavy ridges (sometimes with prism-shaped structures in D. hansenii), cells ± brick-shaped, cell margins straight or undulate
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mericarps is important. Here, wing applies to a clearly differentiated structure arising from the exocarp of a mericarp. All species may have solitary flowers
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: fruit A Top Level Property A Achene Achene architecture Achene architecture or function or pubescence
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references are noted with the individual species. Camp, W. H. 1942. On the structure of populations in the genus Vaccinium. Brittonia 4: 189–204. Kloet, S.
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related genus of Fagaceae, native to Asia, with very different cupule structure (H.Hjelmquist 1948; L.L. Forman 1966). None. Chrysolepis chrysophylla,
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flora). See 26. Carex for a discussion of the inflorescence and flower structure of Kobresia. The inflorescences of Kobresia cannot be clearly divided into
4 KB (342 words) - 21:40, 5 November 2020
Potentilla, that is, condensed shoot structure at stolon nodes, enlarged 3-lobed epicalyx bractlets, and accessory fruit structure. Our infrageneric taxonomy follows
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a rather peculiar member of the Dicranaceae because of its unique leaf structure. In the leaf cross section there is an adaxial and abaxial layer of hyalocysts
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color. Leaves of sterile shoots distichous-complanate. Specialized asexual structures sometimes present, developing on the protonema. Sexual condition apparently
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Arnold Arbor. 50: 566–598. Nowicke, J. W. 1996. Pollen morphology, exine structure and the relationships of Basellaceae and Didiereaceae to Portulacaceae
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patches, leaves costate, protonematal flaps not persistent, stalked asexual structures often present. Tetraphis 1 Plants minute, bud-like, stems less than 0
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in the flora). Plagiobryoides is similar to Plagiobryum in gametophyte structure, but has more or less symmetric capsules with the endostome typically shorter
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divided into segregate genera based largely on placentation and fruit structure. “The mesembs have characteristic fruit capsules with locules (chambers
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stamens 1–5; ovary superior; styles 1–3, stigmas 1–3, filiform. Fruiting structures: achene often enclosed in perianth, pericarp adherent or nonadherent,
11 KB (777 words) - 22:58, 5 November 2020
D. Nautiyal, ed. 1984. Developmental and Comparative Aspects of Plant Structure and Function. Proceedings of the National Symposium. Allahabad. Pp. 55–70
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are only two cell-layers thick, are much used to demonstrate plant-cell structure and cytoplasmic streaming in introductory botany courses. None. None. window
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within which all radial surfaces of stones are connate, yielding a single structure, either globose or ellipsoid. With relatively few exceptions, fruits are
37 KB (1,900 words) - 21:25, 9 February 2021
to short-caulescent, scapose, from branched, woody caudices or bulblike structures; usually forming colonies with few to many rosettes. Stems to 25 dm. Leaves
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3–0.4 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. Capsules subglobose subtended by calyxlike structure, 1.5–2 × 2.2–2.8 mm, glabrous; columella 1–1.5 mm. Seeds ashen, broadly
4 KB (375 words) - 20:14, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: stem A Top Level Property A Axillary shoot height or length or size Axillary shoot shape Axillary tuber
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roots notably fleshy or thickened. Leaves (excluding clasping, scalelike structures proximal to leaves proper) mostly 5–12 per shoot. Inflorescences: flowers
3 KB (234 words) - 23:42, 5 November 2020
pink-purple bracts. This variety differs from the other two varieties in the structure of the abaxial lip of the corolla. In addition, it is distinguished from
3 KB (339 words) - 20:24, 5 November 2020
distribution of fertile pinnae, the shape of the costal areoles, and the structure of the paraphyses. In parts of Florida, their distributions are contiguous
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: pistil A subproperty of gynoecium A Part of gynoecium C Carpel Carpel architecture Carpel atypical
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1-stratose to multistratose, specialized laminal and marginal chlorophyllose structures absent, muticous to long-awned but awns only rarely longer than lamina;
21 KB (541 words) - 19:03, 30 April 2021
Aulacomniaceae (V. F. Brotherus 1924), but peristome and gametophytic structure (S. P. Churchill and W. R. Buck 1982), as well as molecular evidence (N
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sometimes resemble Indusiella (Grimmiaceae) in habit and general leaf structure although no filaments are found on the leaves of the latter. Delgadillo
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of the Monocotyledons. 8+ vols. Oxford. Vol. 6. Bouman, F. 1995. Seed structure and systematics in Dioscoreales. In: P. J. Rudall et al., eds. 1995. Monocotyledons:
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petiolate, petiole or base of blade often with 2 circular to elliptic and flat structures or flask-shaped nectariferous cavities; blade papery to leathery, venation
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where it has also been placed and from which it differs markedly in leaf structure. A. Eddy (1988+, vol. 2) assigned the genus to its own monogeneric family
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(1996) in considering these structures to be staminodes that replace the inner whorl of stamens. When present, these structures alternate with the fertile
22 KB (1,113 words) - 23:09, 5 November 2020
the frond. Some species have turions (compact fronds reduced in size and structure, filled with starch grains, forming under unfavorable conditions). Easily
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: corolla A subproperty of flower A Part of flower None. A Adaxial lobe size Apical and lateral lobe
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: involucre A subproperty of inflorescence A Part of inflorescence C Cupule Cupule architecture Cupule
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: phyllary A subproperty of inflorescence A Part of inflorescence None. A Apex Apex architecture Apex
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intermediate, resembling Berberis proper in their dimorphic stems, inflorescence structure, and susceptibility to Puccinia, and Mahonia in their spineless stems and
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inflorescence, such as Piperaceae and Cyclanthaceae, either do not have a structure equivalent to a spathe (Piperaceae) or have early-deciduous bracts (Cyclanthaceae)
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10 (3 species in the flora). Grootjen, C. J. and F. Bouman. 1988. Seed structure in Cannaceae: Taxonomic and ecological implications. Ann. Bot. (Oxford)
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Ayenia or Byttneria, has not been included in molecular analyses. The structure of Ayenia flowers is complicated and the terminology applied to the various
7 KB (573 words) - 23:20, 5 November 2020
cytology, ecology, genetics. Intriguing questions about inflorescence structure, character homologies, and phylogenetic relationships with the rest of
8 KB (470 words) - 21:38, 5 November 2020
distortion of the flower in pressing makes it difficult to interpret calyx structure. In particular, the distinction between proximal portions of the sepals
6 KB (409 words) - 22:50, 5 November 2020
status and affinities. Feddes Repert. 111: 231–248. Whipple, H. L. 1972. Structure and systematics of Phryma leptostachya. J. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 88:
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States. Species 1: e, se United States. Species 1 Copeland, H. F. 1939. The structure of Monotropsis and the classification of the Monotropoideae. Madroño 5:
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: style A subproperty of pistil A Part of pistil None. A Apex Apex architecture Apex architecture or
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: armature A subproperty of epidermis A Part of epidermis A Abaxial and adaxial hair architecture Abaxial
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Species 1. Each cypsela-complex includes an elaiosome (a fleshy, oil-bearing structure at the base of the phyllary) and two associated paleae. Ants carry cypsela-complexes
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peduncle bearing 1 flower per axil, 5–10 mm including pedicel, entire structure slender. Flowers 1–5; perianth rotate; tepals recurved at tips, wine-colored
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Plants 30–80 cm. Corms globose (fibrous roots often densely covering whole structure). Stems glabrous. Leaves: basal and proximal cauline 1-nerved, linear to
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weak or absent; laminal cells rhombic or rectangular. Specialized asexual structures absent. Sexual condition: perichaetial and perigonial buds occurring on
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slightly winged tubercles] adaxially; stamens 5; stigmas 2–3. Fruiting structures: perianth covering utricles at maturity, utricles compressed-spheric or
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scalelike; stamens 1–3(–5); ovary superior; stigmas and styles 2. Fruiting structures: style bases at maturity forming characteristic bifid rostrum (“beak”)
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lamina 1- or 2-stratose, specialized laminal and marginal chlorophyllose structures absent, usually long-awned; basal cells usually rectangular with straight
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isodiametric, quadrate to subquadrate, smooth, thick-walled. Specialized asexual structures absent. Sexual condition dioicous; perigonia lateral on stem and branches
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Contra-ligules are present in some other genera of Cyperaceae; their structure is seldom used taxonomically outside Scleria. Scleria vaginata Steudel
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lobes reflexed or sometimes incompletely spread, then forming cup-like structure, exserted beyond longer anthers. Capsules erect, subfusiform, 8–12 mm,
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: palea A subproperty of inflorescence A Part of inflorescence M Megagametophyte Megagametophyte coloration
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: tissue A Top Level Property C Cortex Cortex coating Cortex coloration Cortex count Cortex count or
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: venation A subproperty of leaf A Part of leaf A subproperty of petal A Part of petal A Abaxial vascular-bundle
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season (i.e., the lowermost leaves on the twig) are sometimes atypical in structure, having broader, blunter leaflets. The fasciculate hairs on the veins normally
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related to Triteleia, on the basis of corm morphology, keeled leaves, umbel structure, versatile anthers distant from the style, filament appendages, a stigma
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: root A Top Level Property A Adventitious-root Adventitious-root density F Fibrous-root P Prop-root
372 bytes (325 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: seed A Top Level Property A Almond Alveola Alveolus C Cross-line D Diaspore S Seed-set S cont. Seedling
372 bytes (350 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: phyllaries A subproperty of inflorescence A Part of inflorescence None. A Abaxial base prominence B
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Salicaceae. The well-preserved Pseudosalix fossils, in which reproductive structures are directly associated with the leaves, occur intermixed with Populus
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stems dying back in winter to a tuberous base (H. Ohba 1977). The vascular structure of flowers of this group were found by M. W. Quimby (1939) to be more primitive
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the third bisexual or pistillate, and the fourth a rudimentary 3-awned structure. Hunziker, A.T. and A.M. Anton. 1979. A synoptical revision of Blepharidachne
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floral morphology, particularly in the similarities of cypselae and pappus structure. The shrubby habit and capitulescence of densely aggregated heads with
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three species of Jepsonia also produce a secondary taproot each year. This structure begins to grow after seasonal rains and shrivels before flowering begins
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patches, rarely 2-stratose, specialized laminal and marginal chlorophyllose structures absent, muticous to long-awned, sometimes ending in a fleshy, multistratose
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acute to acuminate; peduncle: junction with pedicel not abrupt, entire structure (5–)9–20 mm, glands absent or obscure. Flowers 1(–2) per axil; perianth
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apiculate; inner leaves undifferentiated or rolled into hardened, fusiform structure. Leaves submersed, ± spirally arranged, sessile, rigid; stipules persistent
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form¬ing corms, corms connected to the rhizomes by a rootlike, 10-30 mm structure, which usually remains attached to the corm; internodes smooth. Sheaths
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junction with pedicel abrupt, with glands indicating transition, entire structure 2–5 cm, glands short-stalked. Flowers 1–2 per axil; perianth campanulate;
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apex apiculate to acute; inner leaves reduced, arranged into fan-shaped structure and oriented at 90° angles to outer leaves. Leaves submersed, ± spirally
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Harkness 2003; C. Quest-Ritson and B. Quest-Ritson 2003). The infrageneric structure used here is relatively well established in floral and taxonomic works
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: sporangium A Top Level Property A Abaxial microsporangium count E Eusporangium Eusporangium count Eusporangium
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Families of the Monocotyledons. Structure, Evolution, and Taxonomy. Berlin etc. Davis, J. I. 1995. A phylogenetic structure for the monocotyledons, as inferred
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scattered individuals, acrocarpous, pseudo-pleurocarpous (reproductive structures on lateral innovations). Stems erect; epidermis not differentiated, central
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incumbent; pollinia 4, soft, mealy, composed of monads, without accessory structures, appearing triangular when removed as a unit; ovaries articulate proximally
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numbers reflects both polyploidy and dysploidy. Stamen number, placenta structure (entire and sessile versus two-fid and stalked), capsule shape, and number
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correlate with habitat; floral characters, other than the distinctive nectary structure that helps define Keckiella, reflect the pollination syndrome (D. C. Michener
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hypodermis, and floral bracts persistent (J. J. Bruhl and S. Perry 1995). The structure of chloroplasts in vascular bundles differs from other C4 genera of Cyperaceae
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Some taxa show various stages of transition between globose structures and elongate structures that function like horizontal rhizomes. All other Liatrinae
21 KB (653 words) - 21:09, 5 November 2020
1976; R. A. Price 1989). The unity of the family is best shown in the structure of the mature seed cones: the bract-scale complexes are intimately fused
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27. Treatment on page 112. Mentioned on page 113. Specialized asexual structures are usually present. Seta 6–14 mm, erect, straight or ± flexuose, superficial
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bisexual; perianth 3(–5)-lobed, herbaceous; stigmas 3; stamen 1. Fruiting structures: utricle globose, exceeding perianth at maturity; pericarp free from seed
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: peduncle A subproperty of inflorescence A Part of inflorescence None. B Bract Bract architecture Bract
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Berlin, etc. Vol. 3, pp. 175–185. Oganezowa, G. G. 1982. On the anatomical structure of seed and fruit of some Liliaceae in connection with the systematics
39 KB (3,176 words) - 22:13, 5 November 2020
bracteoles connate nearly to apex; perianth absent; stigmas 2. Fruiting structures: bracteoles either veinless and laterally flattened and/or 1–3-veined
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hooked, or conic appendages; stamens 5; styles and stigmas 2(–3). Fruiting structures: fruiting bracts absent; achenes ovate-compressed; pericarp free, membranous
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ovary semi-inferior; stigmas usually 2–3(–5), connate basally. Fruiting structures achenes, connate with receptacle, often enclosed by swollen perianth.
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just of primary segments incised to the base or nearly so. Inflorescence structure is described at peak anthesis; at early anthesis flowers are often more
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(Viscaceae). Phytoneuron 2012-51: 1–11. Reif, B. P. et al. 2015. Genetic structure and morphological differentiation of three western North American dwarf
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: cone A Top Level Property P Pollen cone S Seed-cone Seed-cone architecture Seed-cone architecture or
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distal leaf and becoming oblong-linear near leaf base. Specialized asexual structures: stalked, discoid gemmae borne in rosette of rounded bracts formed on
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lowland (Washington to Alaska) entity occidentalis resembles K. polifolia in structure; it is closely related to typical microphylla chemically and is separable
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Jr. and D. M. Johnson. 1983. Trophopod, a commonly overlooked storage structure of potential systematic value in ferns. Taxon 32: 268--269. Matteuccia
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widespread and frequently encountered species in California. There is structure in phylogenetic analysis of northern and southern populations (that is
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variable in stature, indument, leaf size and shape, and inflorescence structure. Plants of the Appalachian Mountains and northward usually can be readily
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established in the Flora region. Ennos, R.A. 1985. The mating system and genetic structure in a perennial grass, Cynosurus cristatus L. Heredity 55:121-126 Jirasek
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Working Group (2001). Davis, J.I. and R.J. Sorcng. 1993. Phylogenetic structure in the grass family (Poaceae) as inferred from chloroplast DNA restriction
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Philbrick, C. T. and G. E. Crow. 1992. Isozyme variation and population structure in Podostemum ceratophyllum Michx. (Podostemaceae): Implications for colonization
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flora). Pandey, A. K., S. Chopra, and R. P. Singh. 1986. Development and structure of seeds and fruits in Compositae: Cosmos species. J. Indian Bot. Soc.
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(Resedaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol. 142: 223–237. Arber, A. 1942. Studies in flower structure. VII. On the gynaecium of Reseda, with a consideration of paracarpy. Ann
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interpreted as being capitate (the capitate form is derived from a bifid structure), and sect. Dilopha Moquin-Tandon, with penicillate stigmas. Section Dilopha
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: midvein A subproperty of venation A Type of venation None. A Apical wing count Apical wing orientation
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apex acute; inner leaves undifferentiated or rolled into tight, hardened structure. Leaves submersed, or both submersed and floating, ± spirally arranged
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1–1.4 mm, surface thickened above raphe and at distal end into U-shaped structure. 2n = 14. Phenology: Flowering Feb–May(–Jun). Habitat: Sandy soil on flats
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Pistillate flowers: ovary glabrous, subtended by triangular calyxlike structure; styles 0.4–0.6 mm, 2-fid 1/2 length. Capsules broadly ovoid, 1–1.5 × 1
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: stamens A subproperty of androecium A Part of androecium None. B Bundle filament fusion F Filament
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: plant A Top Level Property A Algae Algae coloration Annual Annual growth form B Biennial C Cleistogene
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) used] Dvorak, J., Z.-C. Luo, Z.-L. Yang, and H.-B. Zhang. 1998. The structure of the Aegilops tauschii genepool and the evolution of hexaploid wheat
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species, M. Bywater and G. E. Wickens (1984) made good use of seed-coat structure, as shown in scanning electron microscopy (SEM) photographs filed with
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rotundifolia Linnaeus. J. V. Freudenstein (1999b) found limited cladistic structure in Pyrola. Morphologic and molecular data support a clade comprising P
9 KB (668 words) - 23:45, 5 November 2020
(1995). Synapomorphies of the Asteraceae clade include: calyces modified to structures called pappi, anthers connate (forming tubes) and styles modified to function
270 KB (5,940 words) - 20:46, 31 January 2022
with 2-stratose streaks, specialized laminal and marginal chlorophyllose structures absent, awn short to twice lamina length, distal leaves typically with
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segments strongly imbricate, chartaceous; stamens 5; stigmas 2. Fruiting structures: fruit a utricle; pericarp free from seed, membranous, indehiscent. Seeds
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pistillate flowers); ovary superior; stigmas 2, connate proximally. Fruiting structures somewhat flattened utricles; pericarp loose when dry. Seeds vertical,
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leaves, short-rectangular to linear laminal cells, and peculiar anatomical structure of the costa, which is narrow, usually less than 80 µm wide at the base
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studies, evaluated relationships among taxa, but without finding sufficient structure to create a new taxonomy. However, these studies tell us that assumptions
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Eckel Copyright: Flora of North America Association Specialized asexual structures are often present. Seta 7–17 mm, erect, geniculate, cells smooth and spiraled
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of exostome teeth in many species. For poorly distinguishable taxa, the structure of pseudoparaphyllia is diagnostic. In Brachytheciaceae, the first branch
20 KB (981 words) - 22:37, 5 November 2020
Cerastium. Several species groupings can be recognized based on capsule structure. Examples include species with the capsule teeth revolute (coiled outwards
15 KB (867 words) - 23:09, 5 November 2020
modified, becoming a slightly to markedly gibbous, reticulated, winged structure that encloses the mature achene. In Pterostegia, the two wings are slightly
3 KB (295 words) - 23:07, 5 November 2020
North America. Albert, T., O. Raspe, and A. L. Jacquemart. 2003. Clonal structure in Vaccinium myrtillus L. revealed by RAPD and AFLP markers. Int. J. Pl
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other genera are unclear. Hubbard, C.E. 1984. Grasses: A Guide to their Structure, Identification, Uses, and Distribution in the British Isles, ed. 3, rev
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of sporophytes, this species is readily identified by its unique costal structure, which is circular in transverse section. It commonly has thick-walled
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Ranunculus subg. Ceratocephalus is very different in aspect and fruit structure from other species of the genus; it is often treated as a distinct genus
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Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., Calif., Nev., Utah. Hufford, L. 1989. Structure of the inflorescence and flower of Petalonyx linearis. Pl. Syst. Evol.
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J. Arnold Arb. 56: 223–239. Rosenfeldt, S. and B. G. Galati. 2009. The structure of the stigma and the style of Oxalis spp. (Oxalidaceae). J. Torrey Bot
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parts should be studied closely by observing multiple examples of a given structure from a specimen in order to facilitate determinations. Rapidly expanding
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arbitrary. Phalaris resembles Anthoxanthum sensu lato in its spikelet structure, differing only in the greater reduction of the lower florets. It also
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In: R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. 1995. The Families of the Monocotyledons: Structure, Evolution, and Taxonomy. Berlin etc. Pp. 249–274. Sheehan, T. J. and M
37 KB (2,535 words) - 22:11, 5 November 2020
fused into a distinct, turbinate to campanulate or hemispheric, tubular structure. In Johanneshowellia, the four to seven, distinct, involucral bracts are
4 KB (348 words) - 23:15, 5 November 2020
by having scaly (rather than bristly) receptacles, and in its cypselar structure (J. Briquet 1930), trichome types (J. Briquet 1930b), unique pollen morphology
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hairs (each apical cell abruptly reflexed, together forming a pronged structure) covering the faces and the winged margins. Dichaetophora is similar and
4 KB (386 words) - 21:03, 5 November 2020
species of the genus in North America since they are a separate bilobed structure adjacent to, but not a direct enlargement of, the filament bases opposite
4 KB (352 words) - 18:07, 6 November 2020
to be established. Clayton (1969) provides a detailed discussion of the structure of the inflorescence. Clayton, W.D. 1969. A Revision of the Genus Hyparrhenia
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for the vaginant and abaxial laminae, respectively, of Fissidens. Costal structure of the two genera, however, is quite different, and species of Fissidens
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in such sites is attributable to a competitive advantage gained by the structure of its root system. Unlike Poa secunda, which grew in the surrounding,
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: spore A Top Level Property F Functional megaspore count M Megaspore Megaspore architecture Megaspore
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via rhizomes adds to the species' ability to maintain local population structure and to perpetuate unique character combinations. None. Sporobolus compositus
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C. brevistyla has mostly five-lobed parts, and also differs in corolla structure and spotting. Hybrids between C. brevistyla and C. exserta are known from
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morphology that differs from both putative parents, especially in calyx structure. Reports of its introduction to Point Reyes, California (T. I. Chuang and
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tribe, in part due to the unique involucre, here considered a derived structure. The relationship to members of Machaeranthera in the broad sense was never
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: pinna A subproperty of leaf A Part of leaf P Pinnae B Basal pinnule architecture Basal pinnule arrangement
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: petal A subproperty of flower A Part of flower L Labellum A Auricle Auricle architecture Auricle architecture
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Shadbush, Amelanchier (Rosaceae): Evidence from Systematics, Population Structure, and Reproductive Ecology. Ph.D. thesis. University of Maine. Jones, G
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they also have short budlike shoots, often clustered into a “cushionlike” structure, that subtend these elongate lateral branches or thorns (i.e., in the position
7 KB (747 words) - 23:00, 5 November 2020
ditches, and marshes. Useful taxonomic characters include habit, branching structure, leaf shape, size, margins, and vestiture, arrangement of heads, and number
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superior; pistillate flowers connate proximally, style 1, stigmas 2. Fruiting structures somewhat flattened utricles; pericarps ± adherent to seeds, tuberculate-papillose
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margins of fertile pinnules strongly revolute and forming hardened beadlike structures; proximal pinnae largest or nearly so, sessile or adnate, equilateral;
3 KB (303 words) - 21:24, 5 November 2020
with free tips hornlike, perianth absent, stigmas 2, elongate. Fruiting structures ovate, flat utricles; pericarp free, thin. Seeds vertical, ovate; seed
2 KB (184 words) - 22:59, 5 November 2020
5–11 per side, 2.5–5 cm; ultimate segments revolute to form beadlike structures, 2–4 mm diam. Sori borne on free veins, enclosed by ultimate segments
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(occasionally 1–2 with fertile anthers); stigmas 2-branched, filiform. Fruiting structures: bracteoles 2; utricles indehiscent or dehiscence circumscissile; pericarp
3 KB (282 words) - 22:58, 5 November 2020
with bracteoles 2, perianth segments 3–4, stigmas 2, filiform. Fruiting structures persistent, accrescent perianth surrounding utricle; utricles winged,
2 KB (199 words) - 22:59, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: bundle A Top Level Property A Array Array arrangement Axillary cluster architecture Axillary cluster
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: pappus A subproperty of armature A Type of armature A subproperty of disc A Part of disc A subproperty
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Hydropoa have potential as ornamentals. Glyceria resembles Puccinellia in the structure of its spikelets and its preference for wet habitats; it differs in its
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are pistillate and the proximal staminate (gynecandrous). Inflorescence structure and organization present many problems of interpretation (see summaries
82 KB (3,643 words) - 21:20, 17 July 2023
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: sporophyll A Top Level Property M Megasporophyll Megasporophyll arrangement or shape Megasporophyll
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(Asteraceae: Senecioneae). II. Isozyme analysis and population genetic structure. Canad. J. Bot. 76: 1476–1487. Cherniawsky, D. M. and R. J. Bayer. 1998c
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intermediates are remarkably rare. The two are most easily separated by the structure and pubescence of the corollas. In addition to the characters mentioned
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: cell A Top Level Property B Basal-cell C Cancellina Chlorocyst E Epidermal-cell Epidermal-cell architecture
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Wolfe and W. C. Wehr (1988) presented interesting fossil evidence of leaf structure development. None. Chamaebatiaria millefolium window.propertiesFromHig
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southern Quebec (B. Boivin 1967c). Abramova, L. I. 1975. On the taxonomical structure of the genus Polygonatum Mill. Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 60: 490–497
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: shoot A subproperty of stem A Type of stem C Cladode Cladode length or size Cladode shape F Floricane
398 bytes (123 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: gynoecium A subproperty of flower A Part of flower H Hypogynium B Basal pistil duration P Pistil Pistil
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J. Bot. 70:2415-2429 Soreng, R.J. and J.I. Davis. 2000. Phylogenetic structure in Poaceae subfamily Pooideae as inferred from molecular and morphological
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established in South America, where it is thought to be native. Its floral structure appears to be the least advanced among the annual species of Flaveria,
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Tanaka, N. 1997b. Evolutionary significance of the variation of the floral structure of Heloniopsis. J. Jap. Bot. 72: 131–138. Tanaka, N. 1997c. Phylogenetic
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and leaf width, are polymorphic features without consistent geographical structure. Other features, such as being more strongly perennial (multi-branched
5 KB (471 words) - 20:22, 9 December 2022
specimen (most probably A. tatarica Linnaeus) based on its Kranz-type leaf structure. Chenopodium blomianum Aellen [= C. ficifolium subsp. blomianum (Aellen)
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Giannasi 1978), pollen morphology (M. Zavada 1983), and some anatomic structures (E. M. Sweitzer 1971). Typically the Ulmoideae have flavonols, strictly
6 KB (589 words) - 22:52, 5 November 2020
hairs in some taxa) secrete mucilage and are without any venation. The structures are often referred to as "squamulae intravaginales" or "intravaginal scales"
6 KB (422 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
be so closely related as usually thought (Uhl 1993). From the different structures of their testas, U. Knapp (1994) agreed; H. ’t Hart (1995) thought that
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recognized by heads borne singly, dark phyllaries, and gynoecious population structure. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Antennaria
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Plants of the former have vegetative characteristics and the inflorescence structure of C. bartsiifolia var. bartsiifolia. None. None. window.propertiesFro
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: perianth A subproperty of flower A Part of flower N Nectariferous Non-nectariferous P Perianth-tube
419 bytes (82 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: capsule A subproperty of fruit A Type of fruit A subproperty of sporangium A Part of sporangium None
538 bytes (97 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
American species of Geum lack this distinctive feature. Differences in style structure have led to differences in opinion as to generic delimitation and subgeneric
16 KB (1,197 words) - 23:59, 5 November 2020
leaflike structures are bracts subtending the flower. Origin aside, the bracts function in photosynthesis and have external and internal structure similar
25 KB (865 words) - 22:18, 5 November 2020
Brüggemann, J.-Y. Lee, and K. Mummenhoff. 1999. Evolutionary changes in floral structure within Lepidium L. (Brassicaceae). Int. J. Pl. Sci. 160: 917–929. Hitchcock
23 KB (1,130 words) - 23:37, 5 November 2020
O. Luken (1996). The inflorescence is probably reduced from a compound structure. Sparganium and Typha are very similar and perhaps should be placed in
10 KB (1,218 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
2 accrescent or connate bracts, perianth absent, stigmas 4–5. Fruiting structures enlarged and hardened bracteoles enclosing achenes; pericarp adherent
2 KB (214 words) - 22:59, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: stomatal complex A subproperty of epidermis A Part of epidermis None. A Abaxial stomatal coloration
468 bytes (78 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: epidermis A subproperty of tissue A Type of tissue P Pellicle Pellicle coloration P cont. Pellicle
424 bytes (72 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: gland A Top Level Property A Abaxial resin-gland architecture or arrangement or growth form O Oil-gland
377 bytes (101 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: stalk A subproperty of leaf A Part of leaf F Funiculus Funiculus relief P Podogyne S Stipe Stipe architecture
398 bytes (86 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
support provided by the shrubby habit, unique leaflet division, and anther structure (J. Soják 1989). Pentaphylloides Duhamel has been misapplied to this genus
5 KB (501 words) - 23:57, 5 November 2020
can be found among and within populations of Ivesia kingii; no taxonomic structure has yet been discerned beyond the varieties recognized here. The variation
5 KB (529 words) - 18:19, 6 November 2020
both subgenera. However, the general habit of the plants and their leaf structure suggests a close relationship with G. ovalis and G. unicolor. Grimmia olneyi
6 KB (710 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
typical of that genus in habit, habitat, and palmate leaves. The fruiting structure of Comarum is intermediate between that of Fragaria and those of most other
5 KB (589 words) - 23:57, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: scale A subproperty of flower A Part of flower None. S Scale margin U Umbo Umbo architecture Umbo architecture
404 bytes (79 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: anther A subproperty of flower A Part of flower A Antherode A Anther sac Anther-filament C Connective
409 bytes (76 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
ITS and cpDNA sequences (see discussion under 8. M. spicatum). Floral structures and fruits offer good characters to distinguish Myriophyllum species.
13 KB (1,074 words) - 23:38, 2 December 2022
the vegetative and reproductive structures that will be produced during the growing season; and less-needed structures such as cataphylls, and in some
17 KB (692 words) - 23:34, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: spikelet A subproperty of inflorescence A Part of inflorescence None. A Apical awn quantity Awn Awn
440 bytes (74 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
identified as differences in chromosome number and in major patterns of structure, e.g., translocations and inversions. Biosystematics (W.H. Camp and C.L
60 KB (8,674 words) - 23:32, 13 February 2019
distinguished most easily from Orthocarpus in the strict sense by the structure of the flowers. The adaxial lip apices of Castilleja are more or less straight
74 KB (2,673 words) - 15:17, 5 February 2024
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: stamen A subproperty of flower A Part of flower P Pseudostaminode Pseudostaminode architecture Pseudostaminode
409 bytes (68 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: brood A Top Level Property G Gametophyte gemma architecture or arrangement Gametophyte gemma count
377 bytes (65 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
that simulate members of the P. hyperborea complex. The use of column structure, as has been traditionally employed to delimit P. sparsiflora, therefore
7 KB (676 words) - 22:11, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: pollen A subproperty of stamens A Part of stamens P Pollen-grain P cont. Pollinarium E Exine P Pollen
412 bytes (80 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
Development of Microsatellite Markers for Assessment of Population Genetic Structure. M.S. thesis. Sam Houston State University. None. window.propertiesFro
8 KB (767 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
normally developed, acute, unawned, usually without reproductive structures or the structures abortive; subsequent lemmas modified into leafy bracts; paleas
5 KB (516 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
(Marantaceen). Bot. Acta 104: 183--193. Kirchoff, B. K. 1986. Inflorescence structure and development in the Zingiberales: Thalia geniculata (Marantaceae). Canad
4 KB (440 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
such as leaf arrangement and shape, phenolic chemistry, and pollen grain structure lend some support for this hypothesis. None. None. window.propertiesFr
4 KB (335 words) - 21:22, 5 November 2020
confirmed, this would be a new form of specialized asexual reproductive structure based on origin and development for the family. The species is very similar
4 KB (417 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
details of the mechanisms may differ. The two species differ in column structure and lip and viscidium shape. True P. hyperborea is similar to P. huronensis
4 KB (450 words) - 22:11, 5 November 2020
japonicum Maximowicz (Scirpus maximowiczii C. B. Clarke), which has a floral structure similar to that of E. crinigerum and has also been placed in both Eriophorum
4 KB (365 words) - 21:40, 5 November 2020
H. Kudoh et al. 1999) have established the genetic basis of its clonal structure. Uvularia pudica Fernald is an illegitate name that pertains here. None
3 KB (308 words) - 20:38, 6 November 2020
flaccidifolius is the most distinctive member of the S. atrovirens complex. The structure of the inflorescence is similar in all of these species, with a few long
4 KB (415 words) - 21:42, 5 November 2020
the world. Judging from its leaf morphology and anatomy, inflorescence structure, and floral characteristics, Chenopodium urbicum probably should be transferred
4 KB (412 words) - 22:59, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: exudate A Top Level Property L Latex Latex coloration Latex count Latex density Latex texture M Mucilage
387 bytes (52 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
concerning the morphology of the Zosteraceae, especially the reproductive structures. For a discussion of those differences, see C. den Hartog (1970). In summary
4 KB (333 words) - 21:30, 5 November 2020
identification of Abronia species because of the variation of vegetative structures within each taxon. Abronia appears to be in a state of active evolution
9 KB (416 words) - 22:56, 5 November 2020
flowers with the odor of old-fashioned garden roses. The anther color and structure are the same as in the mountain form. Hybrids between T. vaseyi and T.
4 KB (422 words) - 22:11, 5 November 2020
and may vary from one another in morphology and chromosome number and structure. For instance, C. fremontii and C. pauciflora are each known to include
5 KB (545 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
intermediate between B. fluviatilis and B. robustus, especially in its achene structure and perianth bristle persistence (J. Browning et al. 1995), and it is known
5 KB (547 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
predilections, but C. aduncoides is well-defined and easy to distinguish by the structure of the costa. It is generally shorter and vanishes in mid leaf or extends
4 KB (455 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
parts of its range. Care should be taken to observe the details of floral structure accurately. Distribution of Trillium underwoodii is much more restricted
5 KB (502 words) - 22:13, 5 November 2020
represented a new species. Although there are some similarities in the structure of the costa, C. ryszardii is immediately distinct in having lanceolate
5 KB (616 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
staminal structures. Flowers from Virginia that have gynoecia were examined and had small anthers that lacked pollen. Therefore, these structures are staminodes
3 KB (281 words) - 20:16, 5 November 2020
> 7 7 Upper glumes of the pistillate spikelets white, rigid, globose structures termin¬ating in 3 awnlike teeth; pistillate spikelets with 1 floret, without
30 KB (859 words) - 18:58, 11 May 2021
Naturalist 13: 110-113. Nozeran, R. 1955. Contribution à l'étude de quelques structures florales. (Essai de morphologie florale comparée). Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot
2 KB (190 words) - 22:51, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: trichome A subproperty of armature A Type of armature G Grappling-hook M Microhair R Rayed Rayed arrangement
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gemmae. This genus exhibits a remarkable array of asexual reproductive structures, including bulbils, rhizoidal tubers, stem tubers, and filiform rhizoidal
5 KB (448 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: panicle A subproperty of inflorescence A Type of inflorescence C Cymose-panicle Cymose-panicle architecture
435 bytes (65 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: periderm A subproperty of tissue A Type of tissue None. L Lenticel Lenticel arrangement Lenticel arrangement
419 bytes (48 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: ovule A subproperty of pistil A Part of pistil None. I Integument Integument orientation Integument
404 bytes (52 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
they were right in recognition of a rather remarkable difference in bract structure. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Atriplex
3 KB (204 words) - 23:00, 5 November 2020
first to recognize its affinity with V. sagittata. The early leaf-blade structure is similar in var. ovata and var. sagittata and both have prominent sepal
4 KB (349 words) - 23:20, 5 November 2020
flowers are similar to those of Triteleia, but differ in certain details of structure (anthers basifixed, papillate; presence of internal transverse perianth
3 KB (267 words) - 22:16, 5 November 2020
cells on the adaxial surface of the costa may resemble a differentiated structure (a pad of cells), but the cells appear to be otherwise undifferentiated
3 KB (281 words) - 22:29, 5 November 2020
(Fragaria) but lacks the fleshy fruit; other differences include stolon structure, anther morphology, and style length and attachment. None. None. window
3 KB (319 words) - 23:54, 5 November 2020
and to differ from L. punctata by “the generally finer and more slender structure of the stem, spike, and leaves” (L. O. Gaiser 1946, p. 363). It was listed
4 KB (331 words) - 21:09, 5 November 2020
differs from var. rustica in the color of the bracts, as well as in the structure of the calyx and corolla. They also have different ranges, with var. rustica
3 KB (288 words) - 20:24, 5 November 2020
young growth glabrous or sparsely puberulent to strigose on some floral structures, hairs whitish, most less than 0.1 mm. Leaves: petiole channeled, 2–14
4 KB (372 words) - 11:33, 9 May 2022
unwinged; surface of each seed coat cell with with swollen, blunt, hairlike structures, barely visible at 20×, otherwise smooth. 2n = 16. Phenology: Flowering
3 KB (311 words) - 22:49, 5 November 2020
mullticellular ovoid to ellipsoidal gemmae borne on branched, rhizoid-like structures in the leaf axils. Sexual condition dioicous. Seta 9–20 mm. Capsule 1
5 KB (550 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
Habitat: Shady, moist forests, logs, stumps, tree trunks and bases, old wood structures, shaded rock, soil Elevation: low to high elevations (0-2000 m) Generated
5 KB (472 words) - 22:38, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: bulb A Top Level Property B Bulbel Bulbil Bulbil presence Bulbil prominence B cont. Bulblet Bulblet
372 bytes (36 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: leaves A subproperty of leaf A Type of leaf None. L Leaves length Leaves level Leaves ligule L cont
403 bytes (42 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: raphide A subproperty of oxalate A Type of oxalate D Druse Druse count Druse diameter D cont. Druse
417 bytes (44 words) - 11:30, 9 May 2022
form, persistence, habit, and nutrition are given first. For a particular structure or organ system, description of parts follows the order: presence, number
10 KB (1,562 words) - 17:55, 26 July 2019
Schell, C. M. and M. J. Waterway. 1992. Allozyme variation and the genetic structure of populations of the rare sedge Carex misera (Cyperaceae). Pl. Spec. Biol
4 KB (372 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
24–41. Brzyski, J. R. and T. M. Culley. 2011. Genetic variation and clonal structure of the rare, riparian shrub Spiraea virginiana (Rosaceae). Conservation
5 KB (570 words) - 23:58, 5 November 2020
in habit to F. gracilis and will generally key to that species. Floral structure will be intermediate and variable; the branching will be typically less
5 KB (477 words) - 23:01, 5 November 2020
features of either species, particularly with regard to inflorescence structure. This is especially so in Sonora, Mexico, and in parts of the Sonoran Desert
5 KB (553 words) - 22:57, 5 November 2020
epidermal stem cells. In addition to the lamellae, the authors noted that the structures referred to as paraphyllia in Climacium are actually rhizoids, just as
4 KB (490 words) - 22:38, 5 November 2020
distinct in origin from the involucres and should be considered as a separate structure and not as an external series of the involucre, as is often done in descriptions
24 KB (2,224 words) - 20:51, 5 November 2020
Ray florets 8–35 (in 1–3 series); cypselae (shed alone without accessory structures) Silphium 7 Ray florets usually (2–)8(–13); cypselae (each shed together
16 KB (613 words) - 21:10, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: nectary A Top Level Property None. N Nectar Nectar chamber Nectar disc N cont. Nectar gland Nectar
387 bytes (35 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: bud A Top Level Property A Adventitious-bud B Bud-scale Bud-scale arrangement Bud-scale arrangement
367 bytes (46 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: calyx A subproperty of flower A Part of flower None. C Calyx-tube Calyx-tube coloration Calyx-tube
404 bytes (48 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: endocarp A subproperty of fruit A Part of fruit S Stone Stone architecture Stone architecture or coloration
416 bytes (43 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: disc A subproperty of flower A Type of flower None. C Cypsela Cypsela architecture Cypsela some measurement
399 bytes (39 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
species usually have anomalous secondary growth or otherwise anomalous stem structure. The stamens, when numerous, originate in centrifugal sequence, and the
63 KB (9,890 words) - 23:57, 13 February 2019
heads in fruit. Some diagnostic characters require careful evaluation of structures within heads, usually with magnification; for example, anther tips and
21 KB (1,721 words) - 20:53, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: gametophyte A subproperty of plant A Type of plant M Microgametophyte Microgametophyte architecture
431 bytes (37 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: ray A subproperty of flower A Part of flower None. C Cypsela Cypsela architecture Cypsela some measurement
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A Text property defining a single value. Structure: gametangium A Top Level Property A Antheridium Antheridium architecture Antheridium architecture or
407 bytes (37 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: vine A Top Level Property L Liana Liana duration Liana growth form L cont. Liana growth form or texture
372 bytes (39 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: pericarp A subproperty of fruit A Part of fruit None. E Exocarp Exocarp architecture Exocarp arrangement
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America. Species 14 (3 in the flora). Morphological data (corolla and stamen structures) can be interpreted as providing support for recognizing the genus Hemianthus
3 KB (241 words) - 20:36, 5 November 2020
is a small plant close to P. intermedium, but differs in ecology, leaf structure, and sexual condition. The arctic P. teres is very close to P. nitidulum
4 KB (363 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
usually a length level with the tubercle tip or longer and giving the whole structure the appearance of an unengorged tick. None. None. window.propertiesFro
4 KB (332 words) - 21:40, 5 November 2020
species of Sanionia by its reduced and irregularly perforate endostome, the structure of the alar and supra-alar cells, and the acute to short-acuminate inner
4 KB (380 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
single large seed, which fills the capsule, is unusual. In its floral structure, including its large nectaries and unisexual flowers, S. dicranoides closely
4 KB (417 words) - 23:09, 5 November 2020
or transversely rectangular cells below the capsule mouth, and by the structure of its alar and supra-alar cells. The leaf margin is usually recurved in
4 KB (402 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
cymosa subsp. marcescens and like members of subg. Hasseanthus. Flower structure, and particularly the insertion of the stamens, indicates that it is related
4 KB (465 words) - 23:43, 5 November 2020
been confused with A. rothrockii. Distinctive chemistry and anatomical structure of the leaves support the distinctness of A. rothrockii (L. M. Shultz 1986b)
3 KB (307 words) - 20:57, 5 November 2020
mentioned by these authors may or may not be different phases of the same structure. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Viola"
4 KB (422 words) - 23:20, 5 November 2020
“stolon” is used here to refer to the slender, white, elongate, underground structures found in Erythronium.) In E. propullans, one stolon per plant is produced
15 KB (1,032 words) - 22:14, 5 November 2020
identification more difficult by strongly influencing leaf morphology and sizes of structures. For example, cultivated individuals of var. achillioides may have laciniately
9 KB (604 words) - 19:30, 6 November 2020
leaves and, sometimes, a true leaf. The morphology of the involucrelike structures surrounding the fruits are taxonomically useful, especially those located
6 KB (585 words) - 23:01, 5 November 2020
non-plicate leaves, the last character should be used with caution. The structures of the alar regions are different, and the exostome margins are more weakly
6 KB (447 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
Strandhede (1967) and L. J. Harms (1968) indicate that unstable chromosome structure and number as well as interspecific hybridization contribute to the taxonomic
11 KB (1,416 words) - 21:44, 5 November 2020
successional study. Ecol. Monogr. 11: 61--97. Brown, S. 1981. A comparison of the structure, primary productivity, and transpiration of cypress ecosystems in Florida
167 KB (27,143 words) - 18:24, 1 February 2019
Species exhibit a remarkable array of specialized asexual reproductive structures, perhaps more than in any other bryophyte family. The sporophytes occasionally
12 KB (818 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: hair A subproperty of armature A Type of armature S Scabrule S cont. Scabrules/hair S cont. Sublepidote
405 bytes (39 words) - 11:30, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: embryo A subproperty of seed A Part of seed None. R Radicle Radicle development R cont. Radicle growth
403 bytes (37 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: follicle A subproperty of fruit A Type of fruit F Follicetum Follicetum architecture or shape F cont
416 bytes (36 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: branch A subproperty of stem A Type of stem A subproperty of inflorescence A Part of inflorescence
539 bytes (38 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
hypothesis. Amer. J. Bot. 83: 342–355. Fritsch, P. W. 1996b. Population structuring and patterns of morphological variation in Californian Styrax (Styracaceae)
9 KB (923 words) - 23:45, 5 November 2020
on both sides, 1-stratose. Specialized asexual reproduction specialized structures absent. Sexual condition sterile. Sporophytes not seen. Distal laminal
3 KB (331 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
but they are not true hairs, being much more massive and multicellular structures with enlarged, capitate apices. None. Plumbago auriculata, Plumbago zeylanica
4 KB (297 words) - 23:09, 5 November 2020
C. L. and U. Posluszny. 1994. Developmental morphology of reproductive structures of Phyllospadix (Zosteraceae). Int. J. Pl. Sci. 155: 405--420. Phyllospadix
4 KB (304 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
and their reproductive mode, but not in their vegetative and staminate structures. Buchloë is maintained here pending corroboration from other studies.
4 KB (414 words) - 18:59, 11 May 2021
of the rhizomes in other subgenera support the interpretation of these structures as cataphylls (L. Wanntorp et al. 2003). None. Gunnera Gunneraceae Illustrations
3 KB (347 words) - 11:33, 9 May 2022
Species 1: w North America. Species 1 Copeland, H. F. 1937. The reproductive structures of Pleuricospora. Madroño 4: 1–16. Pleuricospora fimbriolata window.p
3 KB (227 words) - 23:45, 5 November 2020
Minn., N.H., Wis. Eleocharis nitida is much like E. elliptica but all structures are smaller; intermediates are unknown. None. None. window.properties
4 KB (338 words) - 21:38, 5 November 2020
may be encountered even within individual plants. What sort of genetic structure underlies these patterns of morphological diversity remains an open question
10 KB (925 words) - 22:10, 5 November 2020
furrows between the external ribs. We will refer to only the external structures as ribs. In subfamily Cactoideae, the seedlings of some genera are tuberculate
32 KB (1,968 words) - 20:34, 6 November 2020
native cold-tolerant species. Many of these invest heavily in below-ground structures, having rhizomes or root-suckers (for example, P. affinis, P. filipes
17 KB (1,462 words) - 23:20, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: microsporangium A subproperty of sporangium A Type of sporangium P Pollen-producing Pollen-producing
466 bytes (38 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: pinnae A subproperty of pinna A Type of pinna None. M Microscale Microscale arrangement or course or
406 bytes (38 words) - 11:30, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: placenta A subproperty of tissue A Type of tissue F Free-central F cont. Free-central position P Placental
419 bytes (37 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: spike A subproperty of inflorescence A Type of inflorescence M Midspike P Pseudospike P cont. Pseudospike
425 bytes (31 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: cyme A subproperty of inflorescence A Type of inflorescence C Cincinnus Cymule C cont. Cymule architecture
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1 Leaves grasslike, blade not expanded; spore-bearing structures embedded in leaf bases or on short stalks 1-2 mm at leaf bases, at or below ground level;
17 KB (152 words) - 20:58, 8 August 2018
branching. Unless stated otherwise, descriptions and measurements refer to structures of the culms and primary panicles, not those of the branches and secondary
20 KB (884 words) - 15:13, 23 September 2022
on both sides, 1-stratose. Specialized asexual reproduction specialized structures absent. Seta 0.6–1.2 cm. Capsule 0.8–1.5 mm; peristome teeth 16, linear
5 KB (606 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
on both sides, 1-stratose. Specialized asexual reproduction specialized structures absent. Seta 0.4–0.6 cm. Capsule ca. 1 mm; peristome teeth 16, short-lanceolate
4 KB (409 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
short-rectangular, 7–11 µm wide, 1–2:1. Specialized asexual reproduction specialized structures absent. Sexual condition only perichaetial plants seen. Sporophytes unknown
5 KB (476 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
on both sides, 1-stratose. Specialized asexual reproduction specialized structures absent. Seta 0.6–1.2 cm. Capsule 0.7–1.5 mm; peristome teeth 16, linear
5 KB (496 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
each seed coat cell with 1-5 small, swollen, elongate, blunt, hairlike structures, barely visible at 20×, otherwise smooth. 2n = 16. Phenology: Flowering
4 KB (362 words) - 22:52, 5 November 2020
unwinged; surface of each seed coat cell with swollen, blunt, hairlike structures, barely visible at 20×, otherwise smooth. Phenology: Flowering early summer
3 KB (296 words) - 22:51, 5 November 2020
members of the complex have been considered inbreeders, they possess some structures that make cross pollination possible. Cleistogamous and chasmogamous flowers
8 KB (674 words) - 18:09, 6 November 2020
as far as known, unique, bearing numerous, elongate, prismlike raised structures (extensions of single cells or small groups of cells) over the entire
5 KB (446 words) - 22:52, 5 November 2020
South America, Europe, Asia, Africa. Species ca. 70 (1 in the flora). The structures subtending the pistillate flowers are ambiguous; they may be tepals or
2 KB (214 words) - 11:32, 9 May 2022
in southern Arizona. Bot. Gaz. 149: 335–346. Parker, K. C. 1989. Height structure and reproductive characteristics of senita, Lophocereus schottii (Cactaceae)
9 KB (1,065 words) - 22:58, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: rosette A subproperty of bundle A Type of bundle B Basal leaf-rosette distance Basal leaf-rosette orientation
414 bytes (36 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: antheridium A subproperty of gametangium A Type of gametangium None. A Antheridial S Spermatozoid S
449 bytes (28 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: sepal A subproperty of flower A Part of flower P Pseudotube Pseudotube atypical length P cont. Pseudotube
404 bytes (31 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: peristome A subproperty of sporangium A Part of sporangium None. E Endostome Exostome M Mid-tooth P
436 bytes (26 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: petiole A subproperty of leaf A Part of leaf L Long-petiole P Phyllodium P Petiole base P cont. Petiole
408 bytes (32 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: bract A subproperty of inflorescence A Part of inflorescence A subproperty of peduncle A Part of peduncle
546 bytes (32 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: receptacle A Top Level Property T Torus T cont. Torus height or length or size T cont. Torus shape
402 bytes (31 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: leaflet A subproperty of leaf A Type of leaf F Foliole P Pseudostipule P cont. Pseudostipule presence
408 bytes (27 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
strongly correlated set of differences in the leaf, pollen, fruit, and seed structures of these species compared with those of sect. Talinum, only two species
9 KB (813 words) - 23:02, 5 November 2020
similarities, the three taxa differ substantially in details of floral structure, especially regarding the dimensions of the floral tube. Specifically,
7 KB (821 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
usually longer and thinner than those of related species and the internal structure is highly distinctive. The stigmas of larger-flowered plants often are
5 KB (527 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
variable with respect to density of pubescence, flower size, and petal structure. As this variation occurs both within and among populations, little useful
4 KB (440 words) - 23:10, 5 November 2020
with the latter, not least of which is leaf dissection and the columnar structure of the caudex. In mainland Quebec, plants combine features from Potentilla
5 KB (616 words) - 23:55, 5 November 2020
almost so. From all except S. symmetrica, S. uncinata is separated by the structure of the alar and supra-alar cells. Sanionia uncinata is usually somewhat
5 KB (557 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
Legacy Map Calif. Castilleja plagiotoma is unique in the genus in the structure of its calyces, with the lateral clefts deeper than the median clefts.
5 KB (563 words) - 20:25, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: bristle A subproperty of armature A Type of armature A subproperty of flower A Part of flower A subproperty
650 bytes (40 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
and corollas turn dark purplish or pinkish brown when dried. These dark structures contrast strikingly with the pale green to gray (or reddish) branches
5 KB (485 words) - 20:37, 5 November 2020
on both sides, 1-stratose. Specialized asexual reproduction specialized structures absent. Seta 0.7–1.2 cm. Capsule 0.6–1.5 mm; peristome teeth absent, rudimentary
6 KB (683 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
rachis) bearing leaflets. Cauline leaves consist of foliar and bractlike structures on the stem proximal to the proximalmost branch. Leaflet dimensions and
24 KB (1,890 words) - 23:54, 5 November 2020
“corollas” in Zinnia are lacking, being replaced instead by de novo petaloid structures that mimic ray corollas of other Compositae. Don, D. 1830. On the origin
7 KB (616 words) - 21:10, 5 November 2020
to the bristly perianthlike segments that subtend the ovary, but these structures are found intermittently in both E. chaetocalyx and E. fendleri. None
5 KB (461 words) - 19:10, 6 November 2020
although it has widespread traditional use in keys to the species; most structures called rhizomes are at or near the soil surface and may be decumbent rooting
22 KB (713 words) - 23:22, 5 November 2020
gymnosperms, like that of the flowering plants, is based primarily on structures of the sporophyte associated with reproduction because the gametophyte
9 KB (1,382 words) - 23:50, 13 February 2019
ovary; and 3) the styles are petaloid and modified with some specialized structures to insure cross pollination. T. Holm (1929) restricted the term rhizome
16 KB (1,109 words) - 22:17, 5 November 2020
stem. The aerial shoots arise from the apex of either of those persistent structures. Rhizome, as the term is used here, refers to an underground, usually
16 KB (1,220 words) - 20:37, 6 November 2020
often termed a “bracteole,” and 0–2 lateral bracts, the true bracteoles. Structures that are clearly reduced green leaves subtending portions of the inflorescence
26 KB (1,309 words) - 23:01, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: testa A subproperty of seed A Part of seed None. C Cell-layer C cont. Cell-layer shape C cont. Cell-layer
398 bytes (31 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: beak A subproperty of fruit A Part of fruit R Rostrum R cont. Rostrum architecture or shape R cont
396 bytes (30 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: soil A Top Level Property L Litter L cont. Litter location H Humus H cont. Humus location
372 bytes (25 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: rhizome A subproperty of stem A Type of stem B Bulb-rhizome R Rhizomal R cont. Rhizome branch
408 bytes (26 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: nut A subproperty of fruit A Type of fruit N Nutlet N cont. Nutlet architecture N cont. Nutlet size
391 bytes (28 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: samara A subproperty of fruit A Type of fruit S Samaracetum S cont. Samaracetum life cycle S cont.
406 bytes (30 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
descriptions of cauline leaves otherwise include all well-developed foliar structures at stolon nodes (until such time as these root and form new basal rosettes)
8 KB (669 words) - 23:54, 5 November 2020
Beck, with the individual flowers being transformed into subcylindric structures containing the spores of the fungus. None. None. window.propertiesFro
3 KB (231 words) - 20:17, 5 November 2020
or engi-hedges can be planted around cultivated fields or engineering structures without fear of invasion. Essential oils from the aromatic roots are sometimes
4 KB (437 words) - 18:57, 11 May 2021
misshapen sporangia in P. hesperium can mimic these distinctive soral structures. Therefore, it is often necessary to use a combination of soral, stem
5 KB (456 words) - 21:21, 5 November 2020
lanceolate pieces of tissue. Developmental studies have shown that these structures are reduced lemmas. Many species of Phalaris are weedy. A few are cultivated
10 KB (769 words) - 17:21, 11 May 2021
as it does in Carpinus, except that the bracts form closed, bladderlike structures rather than flat wings. The wood of Ostrya is used for fuel, fence posts
5 KB (522 words) - 22:47, 5 November 2020
rather short and weak, and they are not evident on most specimens. The structures herein called bulbs are present on only about ten percent of North American
7 KB (699 words) - 21:38, 5 November 2020
Arctic ecosystems. Within a particular region, vegetation composition and structure may vary considerably along microclimatic and hydrologic gradients, and
133 KB (20,036 words) - 18:33, 13 February 2019
term “fruit” is used not just for the achene but for the achene and all structures attached and subsequently shed with it. A total length measure begins
33 KB (1,224 words) - 14:02, 19 March 2024
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: stipule A subproperty of leaf A Type of leaf None. S Stipular S cont. Stipular quantity
408 bytes (24 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: protonema A subproperty of gametophyte A Part of gametophyte None. P Protonemal P cont. Protonematal
439 bytes (23 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: trunk A subproperty of stem A Type of stem None. B Burl C Crownshaft
398 bytes (22 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: drupe A subproperty of fruit A Type of fruit D Drupelet D cont. Drupelet prominence None.
401 bytes (24 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: petiolar A subproperty of leaf A Part of leaf None. P Petiolar base P cont. Petiolar blade P cont.
413 bytes (29 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: pedicel A subproperty of inflorescence A Part of inflorescence P Pedicellar P Pedicel-joint
435 bytes (22 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: lemma A subproperty of spikelet A Part of spikelet F Floret-lemma C Callus
410 bytes (22 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: pollinarium A subproperty of pollen A Type of pollen None. P Pollinium V Viscidium
434 bytes (22 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: ovary A subproperty of pistil A Part of pistil None. F Funicle F cont. Funicle length or size
404 bytes (26 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: glume A subproperty of spikelet A Part of spikelet F First-glume S Second-glume None.
410 bytes (24 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: sporocarp A Top Level Property M Microsporocarp M cont. Microsporocarp diameter M cont. Microsporocarp
397 bytes (24 words) - 11:30, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: hypanthium A subproperty of flower A Part of flower H Hip H Hypanthial
429 bytes (21 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
absent, rudimentary to well developed. Of the well-developed peristome structures, included are peristomes with low to high basal membranes, the variation
17 KB (1,218 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: cypsela A subproperty of disc A Part of disc A subproperty of ray A Part of ray A subproperty of fruit
626 bytes (35 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: leaf-scar A subproperty of leaf A Part of leaf None. B Bundle-scar B cont. Bundle-scar arrangement
418 bytes (32 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
horizontal whitish rootstocks. Subsequent authors have referred to these structures as stoloniferous rhizomes, superficial rhizomes, runners, or stolons.
4 KB (452 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
abundant and persistent protonemata and rhizoids, red-brown, thick-walled structures. They also occur occasionally in E. serratum, but are only rarely seen
4 KB (411 words) - 22:29, 5 November 2020
the leaves apparently eroded away. Rarely, thick-walled, elongate, brown structures occur on the protonemata and they may serve as diaspores. None. None.
4 KB (360 words) - 22:29, 5 November 2020
unbranched adventitious roots and soon produce vegetative reproductive structures from both subterranean and erect stems. Tubers produced on subterranean
4 KB (336 words) - 21:29, 5 November 2020
correlated differences in perigynium shape and veins, the dimensions of most structures, and the foliar anatomy support their retention as distinct species. None
3 KB (290 words) - 21:38, 5 November 2020
A Text property defining a single value. A structure property A subproperty of armature A Type of armature A subproperty of leaf A Part of leaf None. None
654 bytes (28 words) - 21:00, 26 July 2019
A Text property defining a single value. A structure property A subproperty of phyllary A Part of phyllary A subproperty of style A Part of style None
661 bytes (28 words) - 18:20, 26 July 2019
is a strong correlation between the type of basal branching, prophyll structure, and blade development of the initial leaves. Extravaginal shoots have
82 KB (1,737 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
A Text property defining a single value. A subproperty of involucre A Part of involucre A subproperty of phyllaries A Part of phyllaries None. None.
537 bytes (25 words) - 18:22, 26 July 2019
A Text property defining a single value. A subproperty of phyllary A Part of phyllary A subproperty of style A Part of style None. None.
619 bytes (25 words) - 19:39, 26 July 2019
A Text property defining a single value. A subproperty of stem A Type of stem A subproperty of inflorescence A Part of inflorescence None. None.
651 bytes (25 words) - 21:07, 26 July 2019
A Text property defining a single value. A subproperty of stem A Type of stem A subproperty of inflorescence A Part of inflorescence None. None.
703 bytes (25 words) - 21:00, 26 July 2019
resembles. Also, inflorescence descriptions here refer to the flowering structures that generally terminate a branch distal to the leaves on that branch
28 KB (2,139 words) - 22:34, 14 December 2021
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: apex A subproperty of phyllary A Part of phyllary A subproperty of style A Part of style None. None
517 bytes (27 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: burl A subproperty of trunk A Part of trunk L Lignotuber None.
396 bytes (20 words) - 11:30, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: cortex A subproperty of tissue A Type of tissue None. M Mucilage sac
409 bytes (21 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: cell-wall A subproperty of cell A Part of cell None. W Wall-thinning
418 bytes (22 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: hairpoint A subproperty of leaf A Part of leaf H Hair-point None.
418 bytes (21 words) - 11:30, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: bark A subproperty of root A Part of root A subproperty of stem A Part of stem None. None.
502 bytes (27 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: leaf margin A subproperty of leaf A Part of leaf None. C Crenulation D Dentation
428 bytes (23 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: pistillode A subproperty of pistil A Type of pistil P Pistillodium None.
429 bytes (20 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: culm A subproperty of stem A Type of stem None. C Culm-internode
393 bytes (21 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: appendage A subproperty of phyllary A Part of phyllary A subproperty of style A Part of style None
542 bytes (27 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: silicle A subproperty of fruit A Type of fruit None. R Replum
411 bytes (20 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: floret A subproperty of flower A Type of flower A subproperty of disc A Part of disc None. None.
518 bytes (27 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: exocarp A subproperty of pericarp A Part of pericarp E Epicarp None.
420 bytes (20 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: auricle A subproperty of leaf A Part of leaf A subproperty of petal A Part of petal None. None.
520 bytes (27 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: epidermal-cell A subproperty of cell A Type of cell P Pseudostoma None.
443 bytes (21 words) - 11:29, 9 May 2022
A Text property defining a single value. Structure: chloroplast A subproperty of cell A Part of cell None. G Granum
428 bytes (20 words) - 11:30, 9 May 2022