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Undefined subg. Chlorocyperus (Vahl) C. B. Clarke Cyperus subg. Mariscus Willdenow Undefined subg. Papyrus Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on

nyctaginea, Mirabilis rotundifolia, Mirabilis texensis (L’Heritier ex Willdenow) Heimerl in H. G. A. Engler and K. Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam. 31[III,1b]:

Etymology: Greek abros, de licate or graceful Synonyms: Tricratus L’Heritier ex Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 61. Mentioned on page

AL familyPlumbaginaceae genusArmeria Show Lower Taxa Armeria maritima Willdenow Enum. Pl. 1: 333. 1809. Claude Lefèbvre, Xavier Vekemans Common names:

Although Nelumbo lutea is often attributed to (Willdenow) Persoon, the spelling Nelumbium luteum used by Willdenow is an orthographic error for Nelumbo lutea

and Guatemala. Among its members are Penstemon campanulatus (Cavanilles) Willdenow, P. gentianoides (Kunth) Poiret, and P. hartwegii Bentham, three red- or

leptophylla, Drymaria molluginea, Drymaria pachyphylla, Drymaria viscosa Willdenow ex Schultes in J. J. Roemer et al., Syst. Veg. 5: xxxi, 406. 1819. Ronald

Armeria maritima subsp. maritima, Armeria maritima subsp. sibirica (Miller) Willdenow Enum. Pl. 1: 333. 1809. Claude Lefèbvre, Xavier Vekemans Illustrated Basionym:

pseudoconstricta (Willdenow) O. E. Schulz in I. Urban, Symb. Antill. 3: 504. 1903. James E. Rodman Basionym: Raphanus lanceolatus Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 562

familyPolypodiaceae genusPecluma speciesPecluma plumula (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) M. G. Price Amer. Fern J. 73: 115. 1983. A. Murray Evans Common names:

Donn ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 2: 1186. 1798. John M. Miller Common names: Miner’s-lettuce Illustrated Synonyms: Montia perfoliata (Donn ex Willdenow) Howell

Taxa Arceuthobium vaginatum subsp. cryptopodum (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) J. Presl in F. Berchtold and J. S. Presl, Prir. Rostlin 2: 28. 1825. Daniel

Acelidanthus Trautvetter & C. A. Meyer Evonyxis Rafinesque Leimanthium Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 72. Mentioned on

conspicua (Willdenow) Lindley Gen. Sp. Orchid. Pl., 291. 1835. Charles J. Sheviak IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Orchis blephariglottis Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1):

subfamilyMalvaceae subfam. Malvoideae genusAbutilon speciesAbutilon mollicomum (Willdenow) Sweet Hort. Brit., 54. 1826. Paul A. Fryxell†, Steven R. Hill Common names:

seriesEleocharis (sect. Eleogenus) ser. Ovatae speciesEleocharis obtusa (Willdenow) Schultes Mant. 2: 89. 1824. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro

distans, Habenaria odontopetala, Habenaria quinqueseta, Habenaria repens Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 5, 44. 1805. Charles J. Sheviak Common names: Rein orchid

Synonyms: Cayratia japonica (Thunberg) Gagnepain Cissus japonica (Thunberg) Willdenow Columella japonica (Thunberg) Merrill Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12

familyLimnocharitaceae genusHydrocleys speciesHydrocleys nymphoides (Willdenow) Buchenau Abhandlungen herausgegeben vom naturwissenschaftlichen Vereine

odontorhiza var. odontorhiza, Corallorhiza odontorhiza var. pringlei (Willdenow) Poiret in F. Cuvier, Dict. Sci. Nat. ed. 2, 10: 375. 1818. Lawrence K

Pteris interrupta Willdenow Phytographia, 13. 1794 Synonyms: Cyclosorus gongylodes (Schkuhr) Link Cyclosorus interruptus (Willdenow) H. Itô Cyclosorus

Arethusa verticillata Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 81. 1805 Synonyms: Pogonia verticillata (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Nuttall Treatment appears in FNA

lanceolatum var. lanceolatum, Symphyotrichum lanceolatum var. latifolium (Willdenow) G. L. Nesom Phytologia 77: 284. 1995. Luc Brouillet, John C. Semple, Geraldine

genusCyperus subgenusCyperus subg. Cyperus speciesCyperus aggregatus (Willdenow) Endlicher Cat. Horti Vindob. 1: 93. 1842. Gordon C. Tucker*, Brian G.

AL familyLimnanthaceae genusFloerkea speciesFloerkea proserpinacoides Willdenow Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 449. 1801. Gordon C. Tucker

Taxa Kobresia myosuroides, Kobresia sibirica, Kobresia simpliciuscula Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 205. 1805. Peter W. Ball Common names: Kobrésie Etymology:

var. septentrionalis, Erigeron strigosus var. strigosus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1956. 1803. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Common eastern fleabane vergerette

speciesFlueggea virosa Show Lower Taxa Flueggea virosa subsp. virosa (Roxburgh ex Willdenow) Royle Ill. Bot. Himal. Mts., 328. 1836. (as Fluggea) Geoffrey A. Levin

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyBegoniaceae genusBegonia speciesBegonia cucullata Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4: 414. 1805. Luc Brouillet Common names: Wax begonia IllustratedIntroduced

Bartram) Michaux Pityothamnus obovatus (Willdenow) Small Porcelia grandiflora (W.Bartram) Persoon Uvaria obovata (Willdenow) Torrey & A. Gray Treatment appears

Aspidium angustum (Willdenow) C. Presl Sp. Pl. 5(1): 277. 1810 Synonyms: Athyrium angustum Athyrium filix-femina subsp. angustum (Willdenow) Clausen Athyrium

ulmifolia var. palmeri, Solidago ulmifolia var. ulmifolia Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 2060. 1803. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Common names: Elm-leaf

Basionym: Struthiopteris pensylvanica (Willdenow) Raymond Sp. Pl. 5(1): 289. 1810 Synonyms: Matteuccia pensylvanica (Willdenow) Fernald Matteuccia struthiopteris

speciesCypripedium parviflorum varietyCypripedium parviflorum var. pubescens (Willdenow) O. W. Knight Rhodora 8: 93. 1906. Charles J. Sheviak Common names: Cypripède

Basionym: Chenopodium graveolens Willdenow Enum. Pl. 1: 290. 1809 Synonyms: Chenopodium incisum Poiret Teloxys graveolens (Willdenow) W. A. Weber Treatment appears

poilu Endemic Basionym: Aster pilosus Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 2025. 1803 Synonyms: Aster ericoides var. pilosus (Willdenow) Porter Treatment appears in FNA Volume

Pleopeltis polypodioides, Pleopeltis riograndensis Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 5(1): 211. 1810. Elisabeth G. Andrews, Michael D. Windham Common

Cordyline guineensis (Linnaeus) Britton Sansevieria guineensis (Linnaeus) Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 415. Mentioned on

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyAzollaceae genusAzolla speciesAzolla caroliniana Willdenow Sp. Pl. 5(1): 541. 1810. Thomas A. Lumpkin Illustrated Treatment appears

genusOsmunda speciesOsmunda regalis varietyOsmunda regalis var. spectabilis (Willdenow) A. Gray Manual ed. 2 600. 1856. R. David Whetstone, T. A. Atkinson IllustratedEndemic

Show Lower Taxa Mikania batatifolia, Mikania cordifolia, Mikania scandens Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1742. 1803. Walter C. Holmes Common names: Climbing hempweed

alaskanus, Juncus arcticus var. balticus, Juncus arcticus var. mexicanus Willdenow Sp. Pl. 2: 206. 1799. Ralph E. Brooks*, Steven E. Clemants* Common names:

genusTurnera speciesTurnera diffusa Show Lower Taxa Turnera diffusa var. diffusa Willdenow in J. J. Roemer et al., Syst. Veg. 6: 679. 1820. María Mercedes Arbo Illustrated

lanceolata Schkuhr Grammitis revoluta Sprengel ex Willdenow Pleopeltis revoluta (Sprengel ex Willdenow) A. R. Smith Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Illustrator:

permolle (Willdenow) Sweet Hort. Brit., 53. 1826. Paul A. Fryxell†, Steven R. Hill Common names: Velvety abutilon Basionym: Sida permollis Willdenow Enum.

Taxa Corydalis aurea subsp. aurea, Corydalis aurea subsp. occidentalis Willdenow Enum. Pl. 2: 740. 1809. Kingsley R. Stern Common names: Golden corydalis corydalis

pauciflora var. caroliniana, Scleria pauciflora var. pauciflora Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 318. 1805. A. A. Reznicek, John E. Fairey III, Alan T. Whittemore

Synonyms: Aster cornifolius Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Aster humilis Willdenow Diplopappus cornifolius (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Lessing ex Darlington Diplostephium

pseudoptera, Eleocharis tenuis var. tenuis, Eleocharis tenuis var. verrucosa (Willdenow) Schultes Mant. 2: 89. 1824. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro

speciesPedicularis lanata Show Lower Taxa Pedicularis lanata subsp. lanata Willdenow ex Chamisso & Schlechtendal Linnaea 2: 583. 1827. Bruce W. Robart Common

speciesDrymaria cordata Show Lower Taxa Drymaria cordata var. cordata (Linnaeus) Willdenow ex Schultes in J. J. Roemer et al., Syst. Veg. 5: xxxi, 406. 1819. Ronald

Grindelia pusilla, Grindelia scabra, Grindelia squarrosa, Grindelia subalpina Willdenow Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 1:

albicans, Carex albicans var. australis, Carex albicans var. emmonsii Willdenow ex Sprengel Syst. Veg 3: 818. 1826. William J. Crins, Jeff H. Rettig Illustrated

quadrangularis Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Smilax rotundifolia var. crenulata Small & A. Heller Smilax rotundifolia var. quadrangularis (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Alph. Wood

Stellaria cuspidata subsp. cuspidata, Stellaria cuspidata subsp. prostrata Willdenow ex Schlechtendal Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten

1293. 1763 Synonyms: Acroptilon picris (Pallas ex Willdenow) C. A. Meyer C. picris Pallas ex Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on

rouge EndemicIllustrated Synonyms: Ulmus crispa Willdenow Ulmus fulva Michaux Ulmus pendula Willdenow Ulmus pubescens Walter Treatment appears in FNA Volume

Corallorhizinae genusAplectrum speciesAplectrum hyemale (Muhlenburg ex Willdenow) Torrey Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 2: 198. 1818. Charles J. Sheviak, Paul M. Catling

tribe Hyophorbeae genusChamaedorea Show Lower Taxa Chamaedorea seifrizii Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(2): 638, 800. 1806. Scott Zona Common names: Bamboo palm parlor

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyAspleniaceae genusAsplenium speciesAsplenium montanum Willdenow Sp. Pl. 5(1): 342. 1810. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Robbin C. Moran, Charles

grapefern botryche découpé Basionym: Botrychium obliquum Muhlenberg in Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright: Flora

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyUlmaceae genusCeltis speciesCeltis laevigata Willdenow Enum. Pl. suppl: 67. 1814. Susan L. Sherman-Broyles, William T. Barker

water sundew droséra intermédiaire Illustrated Synonyms: Drosera americana Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 423. Mentioned on

fragarioides, Waldsteinia idahoensis, Waldsteinia lobata, Waldsteinia parviflora Willdenow Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 2: 105, plate 4, fig. 1. 1799

AL familyPhyllanthaceae genusFlueggea Show Lower Taxa Flueggea virosa Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4: 637, 757. 1806. (as Flüggea) Geoffrey A. Levin Common names:

Artemisia laciniata subsp. laciniata, Artemisia laciniata subsp. parryi Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1843. 1803. Leila M. Shultz Treatment appears in FNA Volume

tubercles at inner throat of corolla in M. pumilus Synonyms: Hornemannia Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 364. Mentioned on

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyAspleniaceae genusAsplenium speciesAsplenium abscissum Willdenow Sp. Pl. 5(1): 321. 1810. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Robbin C. Moran, Charles

flagellaris subsp. platysepala, Saxifraga flagellaris subsp. setigera Willdenow in C. M. von Sternberg, Revis. Saxifrag. 1: 25, plate 6. 1810 ,. Luc Brouillet

Synonyms: Aronia nigra (Willdenow) Koehne Photinia melanocarpa (Michaux) K. R. Robertson & J. B. Phipps Pyrus arbutifolia var. nigra Willdenow P. melanocarpa (Michaux)

rush Basionym: Juncus mexicanus Willdenow Syst. Veg. 7(1): 178. 1829 Synonyms: Juncus balticus var. mexicanus (Willdenow ex Roemer & Schultes) Kuntze Treatment

digitalis, Carex digitalis var. floridana, Carex digitalis var. macropoda Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 298. 1805. Charles T. Bryson, Robert F. C. Naczi Common names:

Pedicularis sudetica subsp. pacifica, Pedicularis sudetica subsp. scopulorum Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 209. 1800. Bruce W. Robart Common names: Sudeten lousewort Treatment

Illustrated Basionym: Cactus ferox Nuttall Gen. N. Amer. Pl. 1: 296. 1818, not Willdenow 1813 Synonyms: Tunas polyacantha (Haworth) Nieuwland & Lunell Treatment

genusCentaurea speciesCentaurea macrocephala Mussin-Puschkin ex Willdenow Sp. Pl., ed. 4 [Willdenow] 3(3): 2298 (-2299). 1803 [Apr-Dec 1803]. David J. Keil, Jörg

genusStevia speciesStevia ovata Show Lower Taxa Stevia ovata var. texana Willdenow Enum. Pl., 855. 1809. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Round-leaf candyleaf Treatment

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPapaveraceae genusMacleaya speciesMacleaya cordata (Willdenow) R. Brown in D. Denham and H. Clapperton, Narr. Travels Africa, app., 218

Berry Common names: Elliptic-leaf rushfoil Willdenow’s croton Endemic Basionym: Crotonopsis elliptica Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4: 380. 1805 Synonyms: Croton willdenowii G

familyLiliaceae genusChamaelirium Show Lower Taxa Chamaelirium luteum Willdenow Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 2:

muehlenbergii var. enervis, Carex muehlenbergii var. muehlenbergii Schkuhr ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 231. 1805. Peter W. Ball IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears

Solidago patula subsp. patula, Solidago patula subsp. strictula Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 2059. 1803. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Common names: Rough-leaved

angustifolia Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 817. 1753 Synonyms: Serratula angustifolia (Linnaeus) Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 19. Treatment on page 166. Mentioned on

63. 1807 Synonyms: Nuphar kalmiana (Michaux) W. T. Aiton Nuphar minima (Willdenow) Smith Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Illustrator: John Myers Copyright:

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyViolaceae genusViola speciesViola blanda Willdenow Hort. Berol. 1(2): plate 24. 1804. R. John Little, Landon E. McKinney†

Genuini speciesJuncus arcticus varietyJuncus arcticus var. balticus (Willdenow) Trautvetter Trudy Imperatorskago. Acta Horti Petropolitani. 5: 119. 1878

scariosa var. novaeangliae, Liatris scariosa var. scariosa (Linnaeus) Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1635. 1803. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Northern gayfeather Endemic

subsp. pensylvanica (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) O. E. Schulz Cardamine hirsuta var. pensylvanica (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) P. W. Graff Cardamine multifolia Rydberg

nigrescens (Willdenow) Hayek Centaurea dubia subsp. vochinensis (Bernhardi ex Reichenbach) Hayek Centaurea jacea subsp. nigrescens (Willdenow) Celakovsky

reasonably be verified by the author. Excluded species: Luzula sudetica (Willdenow) de Candolle. Although reports of this European species appear frequently

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyOrobanchaceae genusStriga speciesStriga gesnerioides (Willdenow) Vatke Oesterr. Bot. Z. 25: 11. 1875. Kamal I. Mohamed, Lytton J. Musselman

Lamprochlaenae speciesCarex supina Show Lower Taxa Carex supina subsp. spaniocarpa Willdenow ex Wahlenburg Kongl. Vetensk. Acad. Nya Handl. 24: 158. 1805. Peter W.

Lower Taxa Carex lucorum var. austrolucorum, Carex lucorum var. lucorum Willdenow ex Link Enum. Hort. Berol. Alt. 2: 380. 1822. William J. Crins, Jeff H

familyCombretaceae genusLumnitzera Show Lower Taxa Lumnitzera racemosa Willdenow Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 186. 1803. Walter S. Judd

luteum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 1044. 1753 Synonyms: Chamaelirium carolinianum Willdenow Chamaelirium obovale Small Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment

Taxa Carex stipata var. maxima, Carex stipata var. stipata Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 233. 1805. Lisa A. Standley Illustrated Treatment appears

flexilis (Willdenow) Rostkovius & W. L. E. Schmidt Flora Sedinensis 382. 1824. Robert R. Haynes Illustrated Basionym: Caulinia flexilis Willdenow Mém. Acad

R. J. Moore (1972), reports of Centaurea nervosa Willdenow [C. uniflora Turra subsp. nervosa (Willdenow) Bonnier & Layens] from New York were based on a

Euphorbia is best known for its ornamental taxa, in particular E. pulcherrima Willdenow ex Klotzsch (the Christmas poinsettia), a native of Mexico. This species

J. Roemer et al., Syst. Veg. 5: 517. 1819 Synonyms: Brayulinea densa (Willdenow ex Roemer & Schultes) Small Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Mentioned

familyLimnanthaceae genusFloerkea Show Lower Taxa Floerkea proserpinacoides Willdenow Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 448. 1801. Gordon C. Tucker

var. glaucus (Willdenow) Torrey & A. Gray Fl. N. Amer. 1(3): 475. 1840. George P. Johnson Endemic Basionym: Calycanthus glaucus Willdenow Enum. Pl., 559

Pyrethrum foeniculaceum Willdenow Enum. Pl., 903. 1809 Synonyms: Argyranthemum anethifolium Webb Chrysanthemum anethifolium Willdenow Chrysanthemum foeniculaceum (Willdenow)

intermedium Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 5(1): 262. 1810 Synonyms: Dryopteris austriaca var. intermedia (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) C. V. Morton Dryopteris

multicaule (Michaux ex Willdenow) N. Robson Taxon 29: 273. 1980. Norman K. B. Robson Endemic Basionym: Ascyrum multicaule Michaux ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1472

gloriosus Beadle P. grandiflorus Willdenow P. inodorus var. carolinus S. Y. Hu P. inodorus var. grandiflorus (Willdenow) A. Gray P. inodorus var. laxus (Schrader

Liatris spicata var. resinosa, Liatris spicata var. spicata (Linnaeus) Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1636. 1803. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Florist or marsh gayfeather

G. Marcks*, J. Richard Carter * Illustrated Synonyms: Cyperus vegetus Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 154. Mentioned on

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyRanunculaceae genusActaea speciesActaea rubra (Aiton) Willdenow Enum. Pl. 1: 561. 1809. Bruce A. Ford Common names: Actée rouge EndemicIllustrated

John’s wort EndemicIllustrated Synonyms: Hypericum angulosum Michaux ex Willdenow H. denticulatum var. ovalifolium (Britton) S. F. Blake H. laevigatum Lamarck

Astereae genusXanthocephalum Show Lower Taxa Xanthocephalum gymnospermoides Willdenow Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neusten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 1:

familyUrticaceae genusParietaria speciesParietaria pensylvanica Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(2): 955. 1806. David E. Boufford Illustrated Synonyms: Parietaria

Rosoideae tribeRosaceae tribe Rubeae genusRubus speciesRubus laciniatus Willdenow Hort. Berol. 2: plate 82. 1806. Lawrence A. Alice, Douglas H. Goldman,

Synonyms: Anoda arizonica A. Gray A. hastata Cavanilles A. triangularis (Willdenow) de Candolle Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 235.

Hypericum pyramidatum Aiton Hort. Kew. 3: 103. 1789 Synonyms: H. ascyroides Willdenow H. ascyron var. americanum (Spach) Y. Kimura H. bartramium Michaux H. macrocarpum Spach

bromoides subsp. bromoides, Carex bromoides subsp. montana Schkuhr ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 258. 1805. Robert F. C. Naczi Illustrated Treatment appears

Geum macrophyllum var. macrophyllum, Geum macrophyllum var. perincisum Willdenow Enum. Pl., 557. 1809. Joseph R. Rohrer Common names: Large-leaved avens benoîte

genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Ovales speciesCarex festucacea Schkuhr ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 242. 1805. Joy Mastrogiuseppe, Paul E. Rothrock, A. C. Dibble

articulatus var. multiflorus Kükenthal Cyperus articulatus var. nodosus (Willdenow) Kükenthal Cyperus corymbosus var. subnodosus (Nees & Meyen) Kükenthal

oldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow Hort. Berol. 2: plate 83. 1806 Synonyms: Antirrhinum antirrhiniflora (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Hitchcock Asarina

schreberi (Willdenow ex Bridel) Mitten J. Linn. Soc., Bot. 12: 537. 1869. Joseph R. Rohrer Illustrated Basionym: Hypnum schreberi Willdenow ex Bridel Muscol

phlogifolius Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 2034. 1803 Synonyms: Aster patens var. phlogifolius (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Nees Virgulus patens var.

Eupatorium dubium Willdenow ex Poiret in J. Lamarck et al., Encycl., suppl. 2: 606. 1812 Synonyms: Eupatoriadelphus dubius (Willdenow ex Poiret) R. M. King

paucifolié Basionym: Polygala paucifolia Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 880. 1802 Synonyms: Triclisperma paucifolia (Willdenow) Nieuwland Treatment appears in FNA Volume

pubescente Endemic Basionym: Neottia pubescens Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 76. 1805 Synonyms: Peramium pubescens (Willdenow) MacMillan Treatment appears in FNA Volume

Boston. ed. 2, 296. 1824 Synonyms: Eupatorium pubescens Muehlenberg ex Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 472. Mentioned on

subfamilyCaryophyllaceae subfam. Caryophylloideae genusDianthus speciesDianthus repens Willdenow Sp. Pl. 2: 681. 1799. Richard K. Rabeler, Ronald L. Hartman Common names:

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyLythraceae genusAmmannia speciesAmmannia auriculata Willdenow Hort. Berol. 1: 7, plate 7. 1803. Shirley A. Graham Synonyms: Ammannia

lyallii (S. Watson) C. L. Hitchcock Urtica dioica var. procera (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Weddell Urtica lyallii Urtica lyallii var. californica (Greene) Jepson

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPteridaceae genusAdiantum speciesAdiantum melanoleucum Willdenow Sp. Pl. 5(1): 443. 1810. Cathy A. Paris Common names: Fragrant maidenhair

Siripun, Edward E. Schilling Endemic Synonyms: Eupatorium cuneifolium Willdenow Eupatorium glaucescens Elliott Eupatorium tortifolium Chapman Treatment

genusArtemisia subgenusArtemisia subg. Absinthium speciesArtemisia frigida Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1838. 1803. Leila M. Shultz Common names: Fringed sage prairie

familyPortulacaceae genusClaytonia speciesClaytonia tuberosa Pallas ex Willdenow in J. J. Roemer et al., Syst. Veg. 5: 436. 1819. John M. Miller Common

humboldtiana Willdenow George W. Argus Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 34. Mentioned on page 31. Salix humboldtiana Willdenow: Humboldt

speciesRotala indica (Willdenow) Koehne Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 1: 172. 1880. Shirley A. Graham Common names: Indian toothcup Basionym: Peplis indica Willdenow Sp. Pl. 2:

Coprosmanthus herbaceus (Linnaeus) Kunth Coprosmanthus peduncularis (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Kunth Nemexia cerulea Rafinesque Nemexia herbacea (Linnaeus) Small Nemexia

speciesArtemisia ludoviciana subspeciesArtemisia ludoviciana subsp. mexicana (Willdenow ex Sprengel) D. D. Keck Proc. Calif. Acad. Sci., ser. 4, 25: 452. 1946

AL familyPteridaceae genusCheilanthes speciesCheilanthes bonariensis (Willdenow) Proctor Bull. Inst. Jamaica, Sci. Ser. 5(1): 15. 1953. Michael D. Windham

subfam. Vaccinioideae genusZenobia speciesZenobia pulverulenta (Bartram ex Willdenow) Pollard Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 232. 1895 ,. Laurence J. Dorr Common

Solidago canadensis var. scabra (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Torrey & A. Gray Solidago scabra Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment

genusMicranthes speciesMicranthes hieraciifolia (Waldstein & Kitaibel ex Willdenow) Haworth Saxifrag. Enum., 45. 1821 (as hieracifolia) ,. Luc Brouillet,

Basionym: Cnicus discolor Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1670. 1803 Synonyms: Carduus discolor (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Nuttall Treatment appears in FNA

Smilax bona-nox var. exauriculata Fernald Smilax bona-nox var. hastata (Willdenow) A. de Candolle Smilax bona-nox var. hederifolia (Beyrich ex Kunth) Fernald

familyCyperaceae genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Ovales speciesCarex foenea Willdenow Enum. Pl. 2: 957. 1809. Joy Mastrogiuseppe, Paul E. Rothrock, A. C. Dibble

Carex scoparia var. scoparia, Carex scoparia var. tessellata Schkuhr ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 230. 1805. Joy Mastrogiuseppe, Paul E. Rothrock, A. C. Dibble

familyPolygalaceae genusHebecarpa speciesHebecarpa punctata (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) J. R. Abbott & J. F. B. Pastore Kew Bull. 70-39: 5. 2015. J. Richard Abbott

pauciflora (Stephan ex Willdenow) Persoon Syn. Pl. 2: 269. 1807. Kingsley R. Stern Basionym: Fumaria pauciflora Stephan ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3(2): 861. 1803

tribeBrassicaceae tribe Brassiceae genusErucastrum speciesErucastrum gallicum (Willdenow) O. E. Schulz Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 54(Beibl. 119): 56. 1916. Suzanne I. Warwick

tribeRosaceae tribe Colurieae genusSieversia Show Lower Taxa Sieversia pentapetala Willdenow Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Mag. Neuesten Entdeck. Gesammten Naturk. 5:

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familySaxifragaceae genusHeuchera speciesHeuchera glabra Willdenow ex Roemer & Schultes in J. J. Roemer et al., Syst. Veg. 6: 216. 1820 ,

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyAlismataceae genusSagittaria speciesSagittaria latifolia Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 409. 1805. Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist Common names:

Ambrosia aptera de Candolle Ambrosia trifida var. integrifolia (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Torrey & A. Gray Ambrosia trifida var. texana Scheele Treatment appears

subfamilyBetulaceae subfam. Betuloideae genusAlnus speciesAlnus serrulata (Aiton) Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 336. 1805. John J. Furlow Common names: Smooth alder hazel

tribeAsteraceae tribe Cichorieae genusKrigia speciesKrigia virginica (Linnaeus) Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1618. 1803. Kenton L. Chambers, Robert J. O’Kennon Common names:

Thinleaf orach fat-hen IntroducedIllustrated Synonyms: Atriplex triangularis Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 336. Mentioned on

sectionQuercus sect. Lobatae speciesQuercus hemisphaerica W. Bartram ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 443. 1805. Kevin C. Nixon Common names: Laurel oak Darlington

Bumelia lacuum Small Bumelia megacocca Small Bumelia tenax (Linnaeus) Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 243. Mentioned on

Common names: Swamp laurel oak EndemicIllustrated Synonyms: Quercus obtusa (Willdenow) Ashe Quercus rhombica Sargent Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Illustrator:

tribeBrassicaceae tribe Arabideae genusArabis speciesArabis caucasica Willdenow Enum. Pl., suppl., 45. 1814. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz Common names: Garden rockcress

trifoliatum Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 920. 1753 Synonyms: Silphium atropurpureum Retzius ex Willdenow Silphium laevigatum Pursh Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment

genusPersicaria sectionPersicaria sect. Persicaria speciesPersicaria glabra (Willdenow) M. Gómez Anales Inst. Segunda Enseñ. 2: 278. 1896. Harold R. Hinds†, Craig

subsectionSolidago subsect. Squarrosae speciesSolidago hispida Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 2063. 1803. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Common names: Hairy

familyViolaceae genusHybanthus speciesHybanthus attenuatus (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Schulze-Menz Notizbl. Bot. Gart. Berlin-Dahlem 12: 114. 1934. R. John

Amygdaloideae tribeRosaceae tribe Gillenieae genusMalus speciesMalus prunifolia (Willdenow) Borkhausen Theor. Prakt. Handb. Forstbot. 2: 1278. 1803. Elizabeth E.

habenaria (Linnaeus) Small Habenaria macroceratitis Willdenow Habenaria quinqueseta var. macroceratitis (Willdenow) Luer Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Mentioned

x = 9. Worldwide. Species 100+ (34 in the flora). Chenopodium quinoa Willdenow (quinoa) is cultivated occasionally as a grain crop. It will key to Chenopodium

aureum var. aureum and P. aureum var. areolatum (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Farwell. The latter is now often elevated to species rank and given the

Euphorbia; probably the best known of these is the poinsettia, E. pulcherrima Willdenow ex Klotzsch. Also well-known is Codiaeum variegatum (Linnaeus) A. Jussieu

genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Granulares speciesCarex granularis Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 279. 1805. Theodore S. Cochrane, Robert F. C. Naczi Common

genusTrillium subgenusTrillium subg. Trillium speciesTrillium undulatum Willdenow Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 422. 1801. Frederick W. Case

A. Al-Shehbaz, Karol Marhold, Judita Lihová Synonyms: Cardamine minuta Willdenow ex O. E. Schulz Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 477

Endemic Synonyms: Viola affinis var. subarctica J. Rousseau V. crenulata Willdenow V. sororia subsp. affinis (Leconte) R. J. Little V. sororia var. affinis (Leconte)

familyFagaceae genusQuercus sectionQuercus sect. Quercus speciesQuercus bicolor Willdenow in G. H. E. Muhlenberg, Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 396

familyJuncaceae genusJuncus subgenusJuncus subg. Poiophylli speciesJuncus tenuis Willdenow Sp. Pl. 2(1): 214. 1799. Ralph E. Brooks*, Steven E. Clemants* Common names:

familyPortulacaceae genusClaytonia speciesClaytonia acutifolia Pallas ex Willdenow in J. J. Roemer et al., Syst. Veg. 5: 436. 1819. John M. Miller Common

tribe Eupatorieae genusMikania speciesMikania cordifolia (Linnaeus f.) Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1746. 1803. Walter C. Holmes Basionym: Cacalia cordifolia Linnaeus

communis subsp. alpina (Smith) Celakovsky Juniperus communis subsp. nana (Willdenow) Syme Juniperus communis var. jackii Rehder Juniperus communis var. saxatilis Pallas

Cypripedioideae genusCypripedium speciesCypripedium candidum Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 142. 1805. Charles J. Sheviak Common names: White lady’s-slipper

Synonyms: Turnera angustifolia Miller T. ulmifolia var. angustifolia (Miller) Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 169. Subshrubs or

feuilles poilues IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Carex pubescens Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 281. 1805, Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment

genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Macrocephalae speciesCarex macrocephala Willdenow ex Sprengel Syst. Veg. 3: 808. 1826. Joy Mastrogiuseppe Illustrated Synonyms:

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyCombretaceae genusLumnitzera speciesLumnitzera racemosa Willdenow Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 4: 187. 1803. Walter S. Judd

laevigata Vahl Ficus laevigata var. brevifolia (Nuttall) D'Arcy Ficus populifolia Willdenow Ficus populnea var. floridana E. Warburg Ficus populnea var. brevifolia (Nuttall)

Common names: Carex hirsute IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Carex hirsuta Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 252. 1805, Synonyms: Carex complanata var. hirsuta (L. H

Synonyms: Portulaca triangularis Jacquin Talinum triangulare (Jacquin) Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 503. Plants to 15

genusArtemisia subgenusArtemisia subg. Artemisia speciesArtemisia biennis Willdenow Phytographia, 11. 1794. Leila M. Shultz Common names: Biennial wormwood armoise

familyRhamnaceae genusRhamnus speciesRhamnus serrata Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow in J. J. Roemer et al., Syst. Veg. 5: 295. 1819. Guy L. Nesom, John O.

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyScrophulariaceae genusBuddleja speciesBuddleja saligna Willdenow Enum. Pl. 1: 159. 1809. Eliane Meyer Norman Common names: Squarestem butterfly

subsp. sagittifolius (Wedemeyer ex Willdenow) A. G. Jones Aster cordifolius var. sagittifolius (Wedemeyer ex Willdenow) A. G. Jones Aster finkii var. moratus Shinners

America. Species ca. 23 (7 in the flora). Reports of Mentzelia hispida Willdenow from Texas (for example, by B. L. Turner et al. 2003) appear to be misidentifications;

IllustratedEndemic Synonyms: Aster bellidiflorus Willdenow Aster eminens Willdenow Aster lanceolatus subsp. simplex (Willdenow) A. G. Jones Aster laxifolius var. laetifolius Lunell

sect. Symphyotrichum speciesSymphyotrichum prenanthoides (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) G. L. Nesom Phytologia 77: 290. 1995. Luc Brouillet, John C. Semple, Geraldine

The names Amaranthus hybridus, A. chlorostachys Willdenow, and A. hybridus subsp. chlorostachys (Willdenow) Hejný were occasionally misapplied to A. powellii

Sundberg† Basionym: Aster concinnus Willdenow Enum. Pl. 2: 884. 1809 Synonyms: Aster laevis var. concinnus (Willdenow) House Treatment appears in FNA Volume

genusPrunus speciesPrunus pumila varietyPrunus pumila var. susquehanae (Willdenow) H. Jaeger Ziergeh. Gärt. Parkanl., 400. 1865. Joseph R. Rohrer Common

correllii Fernald Chrysopsis latifolia (Fernald) Small Chrysopsis nervosa (Willdenow) Fernald Chrysopsis nervosa var. stenolepis Fernald Chrysopsis nervosa

Spiraea stipulata Muhlenberge \× Willdenow Enum. Pl., 542. 1809 Synonyms: Porteranthus stipulatus (Muhlenberge \× Willdenow) Britton Treatment appears in

Kimura Hypericum bissellii B. L. Robinson H. procumbens Desfontaines ex Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 84. Mentioned on page

Bolus Hymenocyclus croceus (Jacquin) Schwantes Mesembryanthemum instititum Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Mentioned on page 90. Illustrator: Barbara

genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Vesicariae speciesCarex bullata Schkuhr ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 309. 1805. A. A. Reznicek, Bruce A. Ford IllustratedEndemic

familyCyperaceae genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Paludosae speciesCarex lacustris Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 306. 1805. A. A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling Common names:

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyKrameriaceae genusKrameria speciesKrameria erecta Willdenow in J. A. Schultes & J. H. Schultes, Mant. 3: 303. 1827. Beryl B. Simpson

familyPontederiaceae genusHeteranthera speciesHeteranthera limosa (Swartz) Willdenow Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 439. 1801. Charles N. Horn

tribeAsteraceae tribe Eupatorieae genusMikania speciesMikania scandens (Linnaeus) Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1743. 1803. Walter C. Holmes Illustrated Basionym: Eupatorium

subgenusRumex subg. Rumex sectionRumex sect. Rumex speciesRumex confertus Willdenow Enum. Pl., 397. 1809. Sergei L. Mosyakin Common names: Russian dock IntroducedIllustrated

Enum. Syst. Pl., 26. 1760 Synonyms: Cleome pubescens Sims Cleome pungens Willdenow Cleome tonduzii Briquet Neocleome spinosa (Jacquin) Small Treatment appears

tribeAsteraceae tribe Cardueae genusCentaurea speciesCentaurea sulphurea Willdenow Enum. Pl., 930. 1809. David J. Keil, Jörg Ochsmann Common names: Sicilian

familyPlantaginaceae genusLinaria speciesLinaria triornithophora (Linnaeus) Willdenow Enum. Pl., 639. 1809. Llorenç Sáez Goñalons Common names: Yellow-throated

familyPlantaginaceae genusLinaria speciesLinaria bipartita (Ventenat) Willdenow Enum. Pl., 640. 1809. Llorenç Sáez Goñalons Common names: Clovenlip toadflax

Pl. 1: 219. 1753 Synonyms: Chenopodium ambrosioides var. suffruticosum (Willdenow) Ascherson & Graebner Teloxys ambrosioides Treatment appears in FNA Volume

Common names: Carex de Mackenzie Illustrated Basionym: Carex norvegica Willdenow ex Schkuhr Besch. Riedgräs. 1: 50, plate S, fig. 66. 1801, Treatment appears

Whittemore IllustratedEndemic Synonyms: Scleria flaccida Steudel Scleria nitida Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Mentioned on page 5, 243, 246. Illustrator:

genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Paludosae speciesCarex pellita Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 302. 1805. A. A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling Common names:

familyCyperaceae genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Carex speciesCarex trichocarpa Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 302. 1805. A. A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling Common names:

Synonyms: S. alba var. septentrionalis (Fernald) Fosberg S. bethlehemensis Willdenow S. carpinifolia Rafinesque S. heterophylla (Aiton) Borkhausen S. latifolia Rafinesque

sectionCarex sect. Phaestoglochin speciesCarex cephalophora Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 220. 1805. Peter W. Ball Common names: Carex porte-tête IllustratedEndemic

genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Paniceae speciesCarex livida (Wahlenberg) Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 285. 1805. Paul E. Rothrock, A. A. Reznicek Common names:

E. Fairey III, Alan T. Whittemore Illustrated Synonyms: Scleria nutans Willdenow ex Kunth Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment on page 244. Mentioned

sectionCarex sect. Paludosae speciesCarex melanostachya M. Bieberstein ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 299. 1805. A. A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling IntroducedIllustrated

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyMyrtaceae genusEugenia speciesEugenia axillaris (Swartz) Willdenow Sp. Pl. 2: 960. 1799. Fred R. Barrie Common names: White stopper Basionym:

familyCyperaceae genusScleria speciesScleria verticillata Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 317. 1805. A. A. Reznicek, John E. Fairey III, Alan T. Whittemore

ulmifolius (see E. Monasterio-Huelin and H. E. Weber 1996). Rubus inermis Willdenow is an illegitimate later homonym of R. inermis Pourret, and the type specimens

Potentilla recta subsp. obscura (Willdenow) Arcangeli P. recta var. obscura (Willdenow) Poiret P. recta subsp. pilosa (Willdenow ex Poiret) Reichenbach f. ex

Senecio obovatus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1999. 1803 Synonyms: Senecio aureus var. obovatus (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Torrey & A. Gray Senecio elliottii Torrey

Gnaphalium simplicicaule Willdenow ex Sprengel Syst. Veg. 3: 481. 1826 Synonyms: Gnaphalium purpureum var. simplicicaule (Willdenow ex Sprengel) Klatt Treatment

(Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Al-Shehbaz Novon 13: 386. 2003. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz, Michael D. Windham Basionym: Turritis laevigata Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl.

nudiflorum Michaux ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1456. 1802. Norman K. B. Robson Endemic Synonyms: Brathydium nudiflorum (Michaux ex Willdenow) K. Koch Myriandra

Species of subg. Ceanothus not accounted for here are: Ceanothus buxifolius Willdenow ex Schultes f., C. caeruleus, C. depressus Bentham, and C. ochraceus Suessenguth;

speciesOpuntia triacantha (Willdenow) Sweet Hort. Brit., 172. 1826. Donald J. Pinkava Basionym: Cactus triacanthos Willdenow Enum. Pl., suppl.: 34. 1814

AL familyDryopteridaceae genusTectaria speciesTectaria heracleifolia (Willdenow) L. Underwood Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 33: 200. 1906. Robbin C. Moran Common

fimbriata (Willdenow) Proctor & Lourteig Bradea 5: 386. 1990. Robbin C. Moran Common names: Least halberd fern Basionym: Aspidium fimbriatum Willdenow Sp. Pl

tribeAsteraceae tribe Gnaphalieae genusEuchiton speciesEuchiton sphaericus (Willdenow) Anderberg Opera Bot. 104: 167. 1991. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Star-cudweed

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyLiliaceae genusPolygonatum speciesPolygonatum pubescens (Willdenow) Pursh Fl. Amer. Sept. 1: 234. 1814. Frederick H. Utech Common names: Hairy

Tidestrom O. laciniata subsp. pubescens (Willdenow ex Sprengel) Munz Var. o. var. o. laciniatapubescens (Willdenow ex Sprengel) Munz O. nyctaginiifolia Small

palustre EndemicIllustrated Synonyms: Rosa floridana Rydberg R. gemella Willdenow R. lancifolia Small R. obtusiuscula Rydberg R. palustris var. dasistema (Rafinesque)

genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Griseae speciesCarex conoidea Schkuhr ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 280. 1805. Robert F. C. Naczi, Charles T. Bryson Common names:

genusRosa subgenusRosa subg. Rosa sectionRosa sect. Rosa speciesRosa nitida Willdenow Enum. Pl., 544. 1809. Walter H. Lewis, Barbara Ertter, Anne Bruneau Common

speciesHieracium triste Willdenow ex Sprengel Syst. Veg. 3: 640. 1826. John L. Strother Endemic Synonyms: Chlorocrepis tristis (Willdenow ex Sprengel) Á. Löve

tribeAsteraceae tribe Eupatorieae genusLiatris speciesLiatris pilosa (Aiton) Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1636. 1803. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Grass-leaf gayfeather

subgenusSalix subg. Vetrix sectionSalix sect. Cinerella speciesSalix ×smithiana Willdenow George W. Argus Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 132

tribeAsteraceae tribe Gnaphalieae genusGamochaeta speciesGamochaeta pensylvanica (Willdenow) Cabrera Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 9: 375. 1961. Guy L. Nesom Common names:

tribeAsteraceae tribe Gnaphalieae genusGamochaeta speciesGamochaeta coarctata (Willdenow) Kerguélen Lejeunia 120: 104. 1987. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Elegant

(Russian Far East, Siberia). Subspecies 3 (2 in the flora). Subspecies minor (Willdenow) Hultén occurs in Eurasia. None. Lagotis glauca subsp. glauca, Lagotis

didymus (Linnaeus) Smith Senebiera didyma (Linnaeus) Persoon Senebiera incisa Willdenow Senebiera pinnatifida de Candolle Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment

familyCyperaceae genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Griseae speciesCarex oligocarpa Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 279. 1805. Robert F. C. Naczi, Charles T. Bryson Common names:

subtribe Coreopsidinae genusBidens speciesBidens connata Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1718. 1803. John L. Strother, Ronald R. Weedon Common names:

genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Acrocystis speciesCarex umbellata Schkuhr ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 290. 1805. William J. Crins, Jeff H. Rettig Common names:

punctata (Vahl) Grisebach A. simpsonii Small Eugenia fragrans (Swartz) Willdenow E. punctata Vahl E. simpsonii (Small) Sargent Myrcianthes fragrans subsp

) Lamarck Rumex condylodes M. Bieberstein Rumex nemorosus Schrader ex Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 525. Mentioned on

var. hirsuta (Ashe) Sargent Carya ovalis var. obcordata (Muhlenberg & Willdenow) Sargent Carya ovalis var. obovalis Sargent Carya ovalis var. odorata (Marshall)

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyCyperaceae genusScirpus speciesScirpus atrovirens Willdenow Enum. Pl. 1: 79. 1809. Alan T. Whittemore, Alfred E. Schuyler Common names:

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyTamaricaceae genusTamarix speciesTamarix canariensis Willdenow Abh. Königl. Akad. Wiss. Berlin 1812 – 1813: 79. 1816. John F. Gaskin Common

Alsinoideae genusStellaria speciesStellaria longifolia Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Enum. Pl., 479. 1809. John K. Morton Common names: Long-leaved starwort stellaire

LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyViolaceae genusViola speciesViola sororia Willdenow Hort. Berol. 1: plate 72. 1806. R. John Little, Landon E. McKinney† Common

floridus Trattinnick R. frondosus Bigelow R. gnarus L. H. Bailey R. heterophyllus Willdenow R. humilior L. H. Bailey R. impar L. H. Bailey R. independens L. H. Bailey

Rosoideae tribeRosaceae tribe Rubeae genusRubus speciesRubus flagellaris Willdenow Enum. Pl., 549. 1809. Lawrence A. Alice, Douglas H. Goldman, James A. Macklin

Ctenitis ampla (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Ching and Dryopteris ampla (Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow) Kuntze have been misapplied to this taxon

subsp. laciniata John K. Morton Illustrated Synonyms: Lychnis pulchra Willdenow ex Schlechtendal & Chamisso Silene allamanii Otth Silene laciniata var

familyAmaranthaceae genusIresine speciesIresine diffusa Humboldt & Bonpland ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(2): 765. 1806. Steven E. Clemants Common names: Juba’s bush Treatment

L. Chambers, Scott D. Sundberg† Synonyms: Aster ciliatus Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Aster ericoides var. prostratus Barton Aster exiguus Rydberg Aster hebecladus de

Stevia serrata var. haplopappa B. L. Robinson Stevia serrata var. ivifolia (Willdenow) B. L. Robinson Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 485

myrtifolium (Lamarck) K. Koch Hypericum glaucum Michaux H. sessiliflorum Willdenow ex Sprengel Myriandra glauca (Michaux) Spach Treatment appears in FNA Volume

genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Porocystis speciesCarex virescens Muhlenburg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 251. 1805. Peter W. Ball Common names: Carex virescent IllustratedEndemic

tribeAsteraceae tribe Vernonieae genusVernonia speciesVernonia glauca (Linnaeus) Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1633. 1803. John L. Strother Endemic Basionym: Serratula glauca Linnaeus

tribeAsteraceae tribe Cardueae genusOnopordum speciesOnopordum tauricum Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 1687. 1803. David J. Keil Common names: Taurian thistle bull

Basionym: Senecio hybridus Regel Gartenflora 8: 310. 1859 Cineraria hybrida Willdenow 1809 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 607. Illustrator:

familyCyperaceae genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Paludosae speciesCarex vestita Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 263. 1805. A. A. Reznicek, Paul M. Catling IllustratedEndemic

Waalkes 1966) and is naturalized in the West Indies. Abutilon grandifolium (Willdenow) Sweet is sometimes cultivated and may escape. Outside North America, plants

pubescens Linnaeus J. sagrana A. Richard J. salicifolia Kunth J. scabra Willdenow J. suffruticosa Linnaeus J. suffruticosa var. ligustrifolia (Kunth) Grisebach

Persicaria hartwrightii (S. Watson) Small Persicaria muhlenbergia Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Polygonum amphibium var. emersum Michaux Polygonum amphibium subsp. la

subg. Vetrix sectionSalix sect. Candidae speciesSalix candida Flüggé ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4: 708. 1806. George W. Argus Common names: Sage or sage-leaf willow

auriculata Aublet; Salvinia natans (Linnaeus) Allioni; Salvinia rotundifolia Willdenow. The name Salvinia auriculata has been misapplied to species in the United

familyFagaceae genusQuercus sectionQuercus sect. Lobatae speciesQuercus myrtifolia Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 424. 1805. Kevin C. Nixon Common names: Myrtle oak EndemicIllustrated

Fl. Bor.-Amer. 2: 120. 1803 Synonyms: Senecio balsamitae Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Senecio balsamitae var. firmifolius Greenman Senecio balsamitae var. t

names: Water oak chêne gris EndemicIllustrated Synonyms: Quercus nana Willdenow Quercus nigra var. tridentifera Sargent Quercus uliginosa Treatment appears

unifolié Illustrated Synonyms: Malaxis ophioglossoides Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Malaxis thlaspiformis A. Richard & Galeotti Microstylis grisebachiana Fawcett

genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Vesicariae speciesCarex hystericina Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 282. 1805. A. A. Reznicek, Bruce A. Ford Common names: Carex

tribeAsteraceae tribe Cichorieae genusHieracium speciesHieracium flagellare Willdenow Enum. Pl., suppl.: 54. 1814. John L. Strother Introduced Synonyms: Hieracium

sectionCarex sect. Phaestoglochin speciesCarex retroflexa Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 235. 1805. Peter W. Ball IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears

genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Phaestoglochin speciesCarex rosea Schkuhr ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 237. 1805. Peter W. Ball Common names: Carex en rosace IllustratedEndemic

sectionCarex sect. Phaestoglochin speciesCarex sparganioides Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 237. 1805. Peter W. Ball Common names: Carex faux-rubanier

familyCyperaceae genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Rostrales speciesCarex lonchocarpa Willdenow ex Sprengel Syst. Veg. 3: 817. 1826. A. A. Reznicek IllustratedEndemic

known. The name R. speciosum (Willdenow) Sweet is often used for this species; that name is based on Azalea speciosa Willdenow, a superfluous name that refers

familyFagaceae genusQuercus sectionQuercus sect. Quercus speciesQuercus prinoides Willdenow in G. H. E. Muhlenberg, Ges. Naturf. Freunde Berlin Neue Schriften 3: 397

Mexico and South America and to at least some members of Alloispermum Willdenow, primarily from South America. Galinsoga might best be treated as a single

Trans-Pecos region of western Texas. It may be related to A. lycopodioides Willdenow ex Schlechtendal, a species found in the mountains of central Mexico. None

(trophopods) (W. H. Wagner Jr. and D. M. Johnson 1983). Struthiopteris Willdenow is a later homonym of Struthiopteris Scopoli and hence illegitimate. Pteretis

scales over most of the leaf surfaces. The report of Nephrolepis pectinata (Willdenow) Schott for Florida by E. T. Wherry (1964) was based on a misdetermination

sectionPenstemon sect. Penstemon speciesPenstemon hirsutus (Linnaeus) Willdenow Sp. Pl. 3: 227. 1800. (as Pentstemon) Craig C. Freeman Common names: Northeastern

names: Carex continental Illustrated Basionym: Carex scirpoides Schkuhr ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 237. 1805, Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Treatment

familyCyperaceae genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Stellulatae speciesCarex sterilis Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 208. 1805. A. A. Reznicek Common names: Carex stérile IllustratedEndemic

familyCyperaceae genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Ovales speciesCarex straminea Willdenow in C. Schkuhr, Beschr. Riedgräs. 1: 49, plate G, fig. 34. 1801. Joy Mastrogiuseppe

crassipes (Hultén) B. Boivin Stellaria hultenii Fischer Stellaria laeta Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Stellaria laeta var. altocaulis (Hultén) B. Boivin Stellaria laxmannii (Rydberg)

vulpinoïde Illustrated Synonyms: Carex microsperma Wahlenberg Carex multiflora Willdenow Carex multiflora var. microsperma (Wahlenberg) Dewey Carex scabrior Dewey

subspeciesCucurbita pepo subsp. pepo [I] Guy L. Nesom Synonyms: Cucurbita aurantia Willdenow C. pepo var. medullosa Alefeld Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment

willdenowii Schkuhr ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 211. 1805. William J. Crins, Robert F. C. Naczi, A. A. Reznicek, Bruce A. Ford Common names: Willdenow’s sedge IllustratedEndemic

familyFagaceae genusQuercus sectionQuercus sect. Quercus speciesQuercus montana Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 440. 1805. Kevin C. Nixon Common names: Mountain chestnut

sectionCarex sect. Clandestinae speciesCarex pedunculata Muhlenberg ex Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 222. 1805. William J. Crins Common names: pedunculate sedge long-stalked

familyCyperaceae genusCarex sectionCarex sect. Lupulinae speciesCarex lupulina Willdenow Sp. Pl. 4(1): 266. 1805. A. A. Reznicek Common names: Carex houblon IllustratedEndemic

, S.C., Tenn., Va., Mexico. The illegitimate name Scleria caroliniana Willdenow has sometimes been used for this taxon. Scleria pauciflora var. caroliniana

of the red-fruited Southern Hemisphere plants (Empetrum rubrum Vahl ex Willdenow), although Li J. H. et al. (2002) and M. Popp et al. (unpubl.) did not

Schultz-Bipontinus, a superfluous name based on Cacalia reniformis Muhlenberg ex Willdenow. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Arnoglossum"

between E. perfoliatum and E. serotinum (= E. ×truncatum Muhlenberg ex Willdenow). Eupatorium perfoliatum var. colpophilum refers to populations characterized

Dasyochloa (Gramineae). Dominguezia 2:1-17 Sanchez, E. 1983. Dasyochloa Willdenow ex Rydberg (Poaceae). Lilloa 36:131-138 Valdes-Reyna, J. and S.L. Hatch

and easily confused with L. hispidus. Leontodon taraxacoides (Villars) Willdenow ex Mérat de Vaumartoise (1831), long used for this species, is a later

fruits, and 7–14 stamens in Vernicia). Aleurites moluccanus (Linnaeus) Willdenow (candlenut or Indian walnut) is occasionally cultivated in Florida and

chapmanii) from H. nitidum and its relatives. Hypericum aspalathoides Willdenow is an illegitimate name for H. fasciculatum. None. None. window.proper

and L. Brouillet 1996]. Symphyotrichum ×versicolor (Willdenow) G. L. Nesom (Aster versicolor Willdenow) is the hybrid between S. laeve var. laeve and S.

livestock; it seems not to have persisted in the flora. Senecio bicolor (Willdenow) Viviani (S. cineraria de Candolle) is one of the plants called “dusty

Wittmann (1992). A population of Centaurea trichocephala M. Bieberstein ex Willdenow (featherhead or hairy-head knapweed) was found in the late 1970s in a degraded

Maine, but much more widespread in Europe. Diphasiastrum × sabinifolium (Willdenow) Holub (= D. sitchense X tristachyum) is widespread and frequent in eastern

fosbergii include E. javanica (Burman f.) C. B. Robinson and E. sagittata Willdenow. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Emilia"

Carex kobomugi was formally recognized it was included in C. macrocephala Willdenow ex Sprengel. Carex kobomugi was collected during the early 1900s from ballast

Plants of this species sometimes have been misidentified as M. davurica (Willdenow) Small, a species restricted to eastern Siberia. None. None. window.pr

mountains of central and southern Europe, e.g., P. pyrenaicum (Linnaeus) Willdenow. The report of 2n = 42, attributed by D. Löve and N. J. Freedman (1956)

sometimes mistaken for Thelypteris palustris (Linnaeus) Schott, T. interrupta (Willdenow) K. Iwatsuki, or Osmunda cinnamomea. It may be distinguished from the first

Sargent. The cultivated London plane-tree [Platanus ×acerifolia (Aiton) Willdenow, Platanus hybrida Broterius] will key here. It is distinguished by the

Plants of this species sometimes have been misidentified as M. davurica (Willdenow) Small, a species restricted to eastern Siberia. None. None. window.pr

canescens by A. Gray, but this name is a later homonym of K. canescens Willdenow e\× Schultes. Rose and Painter, realizing that the name was illegitimate

subsp. leersii (Kneucker) Walo Koch (Carex leersii F. W. Schultz, not Willdenow) has been reported from eastern North America. All the specimens appear

intermedium (Mertens & Koch) Koch [= var. rhombifolium (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) Moquin-Tandon] with rhombic leaf blades cuneate at base. Both entities

from Brevard and Manatee counties southward. Eugenia buxifolia (Swartz) Willdenow is an illeg­itimate later homonym of E. buxifolia Lamarck and a synonym

cultivated, are recognized as A. caucasica or as A. alpina subsp. caucasica (Willdenow) Briquet. In my opinion, the morphological differences between the two

(lectotype of the genus), S. cuneata Hornemann ex Kunze, S. parviflora Willdenow, and S. semiglabra C. A. Meyer form a clade in the Fragariinae; most other

described in 1818 as P. humifusa Nuttall, a later homonym for P. humifusa Willdenow. None. Potentilla concinna var. concinna, Potentilla concinna var. divisa

equivocal (MacRoberts et al.). Gratiola pusilla Torrey ex Bentham 1846 (not Willdenow 1797) is an illegitimate name and pertains here. None. None. window.pr

Louisiana appear to be based on misidentified specimens of Stellaria cuspidata Willdenow ex Schlechtendal subsp. prostrata (Baldwin) J. K. Morton. Although occurring

(1968), and V. V. Petrovsky (1980) all misapplied the name subsp. minor (Willdenow) Hultén to plants of subsp. lanceolata. Subspecies minor is typified on

Opuntia leucotricha de Candolle, O. tomentosa Salm-Dyck, and O. monacantha (Willdenow) Haworth (as O. vulgaris). No extant populations are known in the flora

Schumacher, reported from Manitoba by W. J. Hooker ([1829–]1840, as C. paradoxa Willdenow) and from Colorado by L. Kelso (1953, 1953b), must be excluded. Hooker’s

Nebr., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., Wash., Europe. Hybrids: Salix ×smithiana Willdenow: S. caprea × S. viminalis is an introduced European hybrid commonly naturalized

glabrous have been called var. nudicaule. The type of Hieracium marianum Willdenow may have resulted from a cross between plants of H. venosum and H. gronovii

subsp. nigra (Linnaeus) Bonnier & Layens, and C. jacea subsp. nigrescens (Willdenow) Celakovsky. The hybrids between C. jacea and C. nigra may be treated as

commonly than the following form. Chenopodium lanceolatum Muhlenberg ex Willdenow: plants usually robust, erect to ascending, sparsely to moderately farinose

(Poiret) Bonnet & Barratte was reported [as Cnicus giganteus (Desfontaines) Willdenow] in 1900 by A. Eastwood (Zoë 5: 59) based on a 1900 collection from Santa

Vetrix. For further discussion of morphologies, see Salix ×smithiana Willdenow [p. 132] and 76. S. discolor. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherT

introduced in Europe, Asia. North American records of Lepidium apetalum Willdenow mostly represent misidentifications of L. densiflorum. The latter has obovate

Tenn., Vt., Va., W.Va., Wis. The name Aster sagittifolius Wedemeyer ex Willdenow has been misapplied to this taxon; our interpretation of the type of this

name applies to what has been known as Oncidium tetrapetalum (Jacquin) Willdenow or Tolumnia tetrapetala (Jacquin) Braem (M. Nir 1994). Some authors have

natural hybrids with S. gooddingii. Related Species: Salix humboldtiana Willdenow: Humboldt willow is not known to occur in the flora area. It is characterized

(Lunell) Shinners; Lacinaria deamii Lunell; Liatris scariosa (Linnaeus) Willdenow var. deamii (Lunell) Peattie—L. aspera? × L. ligulistylis? Liatris ×fallacior

forms hybrid swarms with M. arctica. Specimens labeled Arenaria sajanensis Willdenow ex Schlechtendal from western North America, sometimes referred to M. biflora

Alaska, circumpolar, Europe, Asia. Specimens labeled Arenaria sajanensis Willdenow ex Schlechtendal from western North America, although sometimes referred