of Epilobium); ovular vascular system exclusively transseptal (R. H. Eyde 1981); ovule archesporium multicellular (H. Tobe and P. H. Raven 1996); and change
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tridentata, Artemisia tripartita (Rydberg) McArthur Amer. J. Bot. 68: 590. 1981. Leila M. Shultz Basionym: Tridentatae Rydberg in N. L. Britton et al., N
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Saueranthus (Linnaeus) Aellen ex K. R. Robertson J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 283. 1981. Sergei L. Mosyakin, Kenneth R. Robertson Basionym: Undefined subg. Acnida Linnaeus
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double ovule vascular supply, uniquely including a central supply (R. H. Eyde 1981), single-celled ovule archesporium (H. Tobe and P. H. Raven 1996), and a
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12–22 orbiculate to spatulate scales. North America, Mexico. H. Robinson (1981) suggested that Hymenopappinae is related to Gaillardiinae and other "core"
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America and an annotated key to the taxa. Phytologia 44: 177–214. Zander, R. H. 1981. Descriptions and illustrations of Barbula, Pseudocrossidium and Bryoerythrophyllum
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Engler and K. Prantl (1887–1915) and by R. K. F. Pilger (1925). A. Cronquist (1981) placed Cochlospermum and Amoreuxia in Bixaceae in the Violales, suggesting
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based on more or less regional studies (H. K. Svenson 1957; T. V. Egorova 1981; I. Kukkonen 1990). A study using limited DNA data from 30 species (E. H
13 KB (1,284 words) - 21:44, 5 November 2020
crassifolium are Malephora crocea (Jacquin) Schwantes (W. R. Ferren Jr. et al. 1981). Disphyma crassifolium has clavate leaves, long, terete peduncles, densely
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Helenieae (epaleate genera), as Bahiinae and Gaillardiinae. H. Robinson (1981) listed 35 subtribes for Heliantheae, including transfers of all of traditional
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with 11 new combinations in Minuartia. Rhodora 82: 495–502. Wofford, B. E. 1981. External seed morphology of Arenaria (Caryophyllaceae) of the southeastern
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Myoporaceae (three or four genera and 125 species, in the sense of A. Cronquist 1981) is warranted based on its close similarity to Leucophylleae. Morphological
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species ca. 160 (53 in the flora). Some genera included by A. Cronquist (1981) in Grossulariaceae are now placed in separate families. Of the genera native
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(Petiveria, Rivina, Trichostigma), and Agdestidaceae (Agdestis). A. Cronquist (1981) wrote that “each of the several segregate families … appears to be a natural
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Botrychium speciesBotrychium paradoxum W. H. Wagner Amer. Fern J. 71: 24. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner Common names: Paradox moonwort
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familyIsoëtaceae genusIsoëtes speciesIsoëtes acadiensis Kott Canad. J. Bot. 59: 2592. 1981. W. Carl Taylor, Neil T. Luebke, Donald M. Britton, R. James Hickey, Daniel
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here in Heterotheca and all species treated here in Pityopsis (J. C. Semple 1981, 1996, literature cited therein). The two annual species of Bradburia are
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holoparasitic members traditionally included in the family (A. Cronquist 1981) and the hemiparasitic genera formerly included in Scrophulariaceae. Although
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the family occur outside of the flora area (H. Akiyama 1990; M. G. Manuel 1981). Other genera of the flora area (for example, Alsia, Forsstroemia) have
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appears to be relatively isolated among epaleate Heliantheae (H. Robinson 1981). B. G. Baldwin et al. (2002) included Lycapsus Philippi in Peritylinae.
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The relationships of the family are not a matter of dispute (A. Cronquist 1981; R. C. Carolin 1987); the same cannot be said for the relationships and delimitations
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pollination syndrome (D. C. Michener 1981, 1982). Leaf morphology is typical of drought-deciduous plants (Michener 1981). Varieties are recognized in part
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prevalent in Andean South America (Hufford et al.). Brown, D. K. and R. B. Kaul. 1981. Floral structure and mechanism in Loasaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 68: 361–372.
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has been included in Grimmiaceae by some authors, e.g., S. P. Churchill (1981), E. Lawton (1971), and A. Noguchi and Z. Iwatsuki (1987+, part 2), but it
4 KB (316 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
and the Hawaiian Islands. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 96: 235–283. Robertson, K. R. 1981. The genera of Amaranthaceae in the southeastern United States. J. Arnold
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dimorphophylla var. paysonii (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock IllustratedEndemic Basionym: Senecio dimorphophyllus Greene
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of Vascular Plants. 1+ vol. Berlin etc. Vol. 1, pp. 52--56. Reichstein, T. 1981. Hybrids in European Aspleniaceae (Pteridophyta). Bot. Helv. 91: 89--139
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to warrant the inclusion of the genus in the Juncaginaceae (A. Cronquist 1981). Molecular evidence also corroborates the close relationship between Lilaea
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Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 89: 62–71. Gillett, J. M. and N. K. B. Robson. 1981. The St. John’s worts of Canada (Guttiferae). Publ. Bot. (Ottawa) 11: 1–40
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Classification of Saxifragaceae has been varied and controversial (e.g., A. Cronquist 1981; H. G. A. Engler 1930; J. Hutchinson 1973; G. K. W. Schulze-Menz 1964b; A
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bolanderi var. harfordii (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 45. 1981. Debra K. Trock Endemic Basionym: Senecio bolanderi A. Gray Proc. Amer. Acad
4 KB (296 words) - 19:32, 6 November 2020
neomexicana var. toumeyi (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Basionym: Senecio neomexicanus A. Gray in A. Gray et al.
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pseudaurea var. semicordata (Rydberg) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 48. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: False-gold groundsel Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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var. lewisrosei (Torrey & A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Endemic Basionym: Senecio eurycephalus Torrey & A. Gray Mem
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data, especially the presence of mustard oils. Traditionally (A. Cronquist 1981), the family has been associated with the Geraniaceae in the Geraniales because
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Eleocharis torticulmis T. V. Egorova Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 18: 101. 1981. S. Galen Smith*, Jeremy J. Bruhl*, M. Socorro González-Elizondo*, Francis
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speciesPseudocryphaea domingensis (Sprengel) W. R. Buck Bryologist 83: 455. 1981. William R. Buck Illustrated Basionym: Neckera domingensis Sprengel Syst
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170. 1971. Wilfred B. Schofield† Etymology: For Roelof van der Wijk, 1895 – 1981, Dutch bryologist Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 582
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hesperium (Maxon & R. T. Clausen) W. H. Wagner & Lellinger Amer. Fern J. 71: 92. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner Common names: Western moonwort
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Botrychium speciesBotrychium crenulatum W. H. Wagner Amer. Fern J. 71: 21. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner Common names: Dainty moonwort Endemic
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Morrison 2000) strongly supports extensive dismemberment of A. Cronquist’s (1981, 1988, 1993) very broadly circumscribed Liliaceae. No fewer than 30 segregate
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includes it in Ebenaceae (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2003); A. Cronquist (1981) and the original APG classification (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998) kept
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Cucurbitaceae, Flacourtiaceae, Malesherbiaceae, and Turneraceae (A. Cronquist 1981); they are currently considered to be most closely related to the latter
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adaptation to different pollinators in different parts of its range (R. B. Miller 1981). Four weakly differentiated varieties are recognized. Aquilegia coerulea
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proposed reestablishment of Anacheilium and Hormidium (G. F. Pabst et al. 1981; R. P. Sauleda et al. 1984), was based mainly on Brazilian species and did
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associated with Saxifragaceae (such as by J. D. Hooker 1865b, A. Cronquist 1981), but broad-scale phylogenetic analyses utilizing DNA sequences have aligned
7 KB (513 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
to development of disease-resistant elms (R. J. Stipes and R. J. Campana 1981). Various hybridization projects, including cloning of disease-resistant
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to Achnatherum. After considering various additional characters (Barkworth 1981, 1982), Barkworth (1993) transferred most North American species of Stipa
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Echinacea (e.g., P. O. Karis and O. Ryding 1994). Here, we follow H. Robinson (1981) in placing Echinacea in Ecliptinae. In keys and descriptions for Ratibida
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indica var. gregaria (Mitten) R. H. Zander Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 2: 6. 1981,. Richard H. Zander Basionym: Tortula gregaria J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot.
3 KB (188 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
America (Rogers and R. Mildner 1976), southern Africa (Rogers 1981), and Madagascar (Rogers 1981b). This treatment draws largely on his work and follows his
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classifications. Syst. Bot. 5: 149-172. Nowicke, J. W. and J. J. Skvarla. 1981. Pollen morphology and phylogenetic relationships of the Berberidaceae. Smithsonian
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Eremogone hookeri var. pinetorum (Nuttall) W. A. Weber Brittonia 33: 326. 1981. Ronald L. Hartman, Richard K. Rabeler, Frederick H. Utech Common names:
3 KB (293 words) - 18:07, 6 November 2020
genusCypripedium speciesCypripedium kentuckiense C. F. Reed Phytologia 48: 426, fig. 1981. Charles J. Sheviak Common names: Ivory lady’s-slipper purloined slipper
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Arct. URSS 10: 117. 1987. Luc Brouillet Etymology: For Eric Hultén, 1894–1981, Swedish botanist, specialist of the circumpolar flora Basionym: Dendranthema
3 KB (290 words) - 20:57, 5 November 2020
Physaria lepidota subsp. membranacea Rollins Brittonia 33: 335, figs. 1, 2. 1981. Steve L. O’Kane Jr. Common names: Kane County twinpod Endemic Treatment
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been regarded as the sole genus of the family Splachnobryaceae (A. Koponen 1981). Previously the genus was placed in the Pottiaceae or in the Splachnaceae
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membrane and often have a prostome. Selected references Churchill, S. P. 1981. A phylogenetic analysis, classification and synopsis of the genera of the
8 KB (825 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
have been reported (Do V. C. et al. 1989). V. M. Bates and E. T. Browne (1981) reported A. filiculoides from Georgia, far removed from its main range in
3 KB (291 words) - 21:21, 5 November 2020
Agavaceae (Yucca, Hesperaloe, Agave, Manfreda, and Furcraea). A. Cronquist (1981) based his broadly circumscribed Agavaceae on a common xerophytic habit.
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divided the combined genus into four subgenera, whereas J. E. Rodman et al. (1981) and A. R. Kruckeberg and J. L. Morrison (1983) recognized subgenera and
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Violaceae has been placed in the Violales by most authors (A. Cronquist 1981; R. F. Thorne 1992; A. L. Takhtajan 1997). Based on data from cladistic analyses
8 KB (963 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
Botrychium speciesBotrychium montanum W. H. Wagner Amer. Fern J. 71: 29. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner Common names: Western goblin Endemic
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Chrysothamnus nauseosus subsp. iridis L. C. Anderson Great Basin Naturalist 41: 311. 1981 Synonyms: Chrysothamnus nauseosus var. iridis (L. C. Anderson) S. L. Welsh
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genusLycopodiella speciesLycopodiella appressa (Chapman) Cranfill Amer. Fern J. 71: 97. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Joseph M. Beitel Common names: Appressed bog club-moss
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speciesLycopodiella alopecuroides (Linnaeus) Cranfill Amer. Fern J. 71: 97. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Joseph M. Beitel Common names: Foxtail bog club-moss
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subg. Botrychium speciesBotrychium mormo W. H. Wagner Amer. Fern J. 71: 26. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Florence S. Wagner Common names: Little goblin EndemicConservation
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The circumscription of Gaillardiinae adopted here is that of H. Robinson (1981). In studies of epaleate Heliantheae, B. G. Baldwin adopted a narrower circumscription
8 KB (488 words) - 21:07, 5 November 2020
edaphically restricted (J. B. Glad 1976; H. J. Thompson and A. M. Powell 1981; C. M. Christy 1997; N. H. Holmgren and P. K. Holmgren 2002; Brokaw et al
10 KB (926 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
Circumscription of Helianthinae adopted here (i.e., that of H. Robinson 1981) is narrower than traditional circumscriptions (e.g., T. F. Stuessy 1977[1978])
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varietyCampylopus atrovirens var. cucullatifolius J.-P. Frahm Bryologist 83: 574, fig. 1. 1981,. Jan-Peter Frahm Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 369
2 KB (129 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
for the reestablishment of Anacheilium and Hormidium (G. F. Pabst et al. 1981; R. P. Sauleda et al. 1984) were based mainly on Brazilian species and did
4 KB (419 words) - 22:12, 5 November 2020
Moçiño & Sessé ex de Candolle, retained in Simaroubaceae by A. Cronquist (1981) but placed in Surianaceae by other authors, and Stylobasium Desfontaines
3 KB (355 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
anatomy but lacks an abaxial epidermis. See B. C. Tan et al. (1981) and Zander (1979, 1981, 1994n) for extensive discussion of the taxonomy and distribution
7 KB (667 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
information has led to much debate about who named Euthamia (D. J. Sieren 1981; K. N. Gandhi 1999; G. L. Nesom 1999; J. L. Strother 2000). I consider correct
6 KB (465 words) - 21:01, 5 November 2020
lobes to shorter (to 3 cm) with shorter spatulate lobes (H. H. Poppendieck 1981). All parts of Amoreuxia palmatifida, especially the root, have been used
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F. 1973. A revision of Digitaria in Malesia. Blumea 21:1-80 Webster, R.D. 1981. A biosystematic study of the Digitaria sanguinalis complex in North America
19 KB (857 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
hispidula var. versicolor (R. P. St. John) Lellinger Amer. Fern J. 71: 94. 1981. Alan R. Smith Common names: Variable maiden fern St. John's shield fern
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genusCystopteris speciesCystopteris reevesiana Lellinger Amer. Fern J. 71: 92. 1981. Christopher H. Haufler, Robbin C. Moran, Michael D. Windham Common names:
4 KB (355 words) - 21:23, 5 November 2020
platyneuron is often given as Oakes ex D. C. Eaton; see D. B. Lellinger (1981) for justification of the authorship employed here. Asplenium platyneuron
5 KB (465 words) - 21:23, 5 November 2020
fundamental basal split recognized in all phylogenetic studies (R. H. Eyde 1981; P. C. Hoch et al. 1993; R. A. Levin et al. 2003, 2004; V. S. Ford and L
12 KB (806 words) - 17:42, 2 December 2022
the flora). The circumscription of Coreopsidinae followed here (H. Robinson 1981) is a bit narrower than the traditional one. The subtribe is remarkable among
7 KB (547 words) - 21:12, 5 November 2020
Ståhl and A. A. Anderberg 2004). As typically described (e.g., A. Cronquist 1981; V. H. Heywood 1978), Primulaceae were clearly polyphyletic, closely related
9 KB (958 words) - 23:44, 5 November 2020
evidence that the Rafflesiaceae as traditionally circumscribed (A. Cronquist 1981; W. Meijer 1993) are polyphyletic and includes three or four independent
4 KB (395 words) - 23:23, 5 November 2020
species 27 (3 genera, 10 species in the flora). As noted by H. Robinson (1981), traditionally, Flaveria and Sartwellia were treated in Helenieae, Haploësthes
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varietySpiranthes casei var. novaescotiae Catling Canad. J. Bot. 59: 1261. 1981. Charles J. Sheviak, Paul Martin Brown Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26
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subspeciesMacrocoma tenuis subsp. sullivantii (Müller Hal.) Vitt Bryologist 83: 413. 1981. Dale H. Vitt Illustrated Basionym: Macromitrium sullivantii Bot. Zeitung
3 KB (192 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
speciesCaulophyllum giganteum (Farwell) Loconte & W. H. Blackwell Phytologia 49: 483. 1981. Henry Loconte Endemic Basionym: Caulophyllum thalictroides var. giganteum Farwell
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It has been characterized as opposite (C. F. Reed 1970; K. R. Robertson 1981; F. Shreve and I. L. Wiggins 1964; P. C. Standley 1917b) or alternate to
6 KB (585 words) - 23:01, 5 November 2020
an illegitimate name replaced by Virgulus (J. L. Reveal and C. S. Keener 1981). A. G. Jones (1980) treated the group as a subgenus within Aster in a broad
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crassinervia as a synonym of A. rothii, following M. F. V. Corley et al. (1981), while infraspecific taxa are not recognized. The costa may be interpreted
5 KB (320 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
North America; there are disjuncts in western South America. H. Robinson (1981) treated Baeriinae as a relatively isolated element among epaleate subtribes
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ornamental and its fruits are eaten raw or bottled in syrup and sold (A. Cronquist 1981). Prance, G. T. 1970. The genera of Chrysobalanaceae in the southeastern
4 KB (336 words) - 20:18, 5 November 2020
flora). Iteaceae, which has been included in Grossulariaceae (A. Cronquist 1981) or Escalloniaceae (R. F. Thorne 1992b), has a disjunct distribution, with
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submerged in Buxaceae or as a separate family near Buxaceae (A. Cronquist 1981), or in the Hamamelidae as its own order (A. L. Takhtajan 1997). Recent molecular
3 KB (231 words) - 20:14, 5 November 2020
included in the traditional Capparaceae by some authors, including A. Cronquist (1981). Recent molecular studies support its removal from Capparaceae and a relationship
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C. Chinnappa 1981; Kim and Turner). Chambers, K. L. 2004. Taxonomic notes on Krigia (Asteraceae). Sida 21: 225–236. Chinnappa, C. C. 1981. Cytological
8 KB (653 words) - 20:53, 5 November 2020
(Clusiaceae). Ph.D. dissertation. University of Mississippi. Robson, N. K. B. 1981. Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae) 2. Characters of the genus
9 KB (862 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
sometimes given tribal rank, as Tageteae. Here, we have followed H. Robinson (1981). The group is usually distinguished on the basis of schizogenous glands
7 KB (477 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
genus, Hydrogrimmia. This concept was followed by M. F. V. Corley et al. (1981). However, there are no significant morphological characters to separate
4 KB (365 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
(Hydrocharitaceae). Aquatic Bot. 17: 1--27. Díaz-Miranda, D., D. Philcox, and P. Denny. 1981. Taxonomic clarification of Limnobium Rich. and Hydromystria G. W. F. Meyer
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rhizophyllum to produce A. × shawneense (R. C. Moran) H. E. Ballard (R. C. Moran 1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Asplenium
3 KB (189 words) - 21:22, 5 November 2020
taxonomically difficult. Discussions of Fabronia by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) and W. R. Buck (1994b) are enlightening with respect to taxonomic problems
3 KB (184 words) - 22:37, 5 November 2020
are pollen-sterile (R. V. Kesseli and S. K. Jain 1984, 1987). W. H. Parker (1981) reported that the corollas of Limnanthes douglasii subsp. douglasii and
8 KB (997 words) - 23:32, 5 November 2020
coexist, and they usually show intermediate ecologic preferences (H. Toivonen 1981). Hybrids are intermediate in morphology and some show hybrid vigor. They
8 KB (425 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
speciesPackera antennariifolia (Britton) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 45. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Shalebarren ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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speciesPackera clevelandii (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Cleveland’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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speciesPackera greenei (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Flame ragwort EndemicConservation concern Basionym:
3 KB (270 words) - 21:00, 5 November 2020
speciesPackera hesperia (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Western ragwort EndemicConservation concern
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speciesDouglasia idahoensis Douglass M. Henderson Brittonia 33: 52, fig. 1. 1981 ,. Sylvia Kelso Common names: Idaho dwarf primrose Endemic Treatment appears
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oederianus (Swartz) H. A. Crum & L. E. Anderson Mosses E. N. Amer. 1: 636. 1981. Dana G. Griffin III Illustrated Basionym: Bartramia oederiana Swartz J.
3 KB (226 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
speciesPackera bernardina (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 45. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: San Bernardino ragwort EndemicConservation
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subspeciesDelphinium carolinianum subsp. vimineum (D. Don) M. J. Warnock Syst. Bot. 6: 49. 1981. Michael J. Warnock Common names: Pine woods larkspur blue larkspur Gulf
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speciesPackera cardamine (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Bittercress ragwort IllustratedEndemicConservation
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speciesLycopodiella prostrata (R. M. Harper) Cranfill Amer. Fern J. 71: 97. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Joseph M. Beitel Common names: Prostrate bog club-moss
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speciesPackera flettii (Wiegand) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Flett’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio flettii Wiegand
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speciesEccremidium floridanum H. A. Crum Bryologist 84: 531, figs. 1–10. 1981,. William R. Buck Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 462
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speciesIsothecium alopecuroides (Lamarck ex Dubois) Isoviita Ann. Bot. Fenn. 18: 202. 1981. Wilfred B. Schofield† Basionym: Hypnum alopecuroides Lamarck ex Dubois Méth
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subspeciesCarex canescens subsp. disjuncta (Fernald) Toivonen Ann. Bot. Fenn. 18: 94. 1981. Heikki Toivonen Common names: Carex disjoint IllustratedEndemic Basionym:
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Phaeostoma speciesClarkia unguiculata Lindley Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 23: sub plate 1981. 1837. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Common names: Elegant or woodland clarkia mountain
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speciesPackera breweri (Burtt Davy) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Brewer’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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speciesPackera debilis (Nuttall) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Weak groundsel Endemic Basionym: Senecio debilis Nuttall
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speciesPackera franciscana (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: San Francisco Peaks ragwort EndemicConservation
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(T. M. Barkley & R. M. Beauchamp) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Gander’s ragwort EndemicConservation concern
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genusPohlia speciesPohlia andrewsii A. J. Shaw Bryologist 84: 70, figs. 11 – 34. 1981. A. Jonathan Shaw Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 208
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straight. North America, n Mexico. Species 3 (3 in the flora). Warnock, M. J. 1981. Biosystematics of the Delphinium carolinianum complex (Ranunculaceae). Syst
3 KB (222 words) - 22:51, 5 November 2020
perforation plates with many bars suggests Magnoliales or Annonales (A. Cronquist 1981; R. M. T. Dahlgren 1980; H. Melchoir and W. Schultze-Motel 1959; R. F. Thorne
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uncertain. Various alliances have been suggested: Hamamelidales (A. Cronquist 1981), Sapindales (R. M. T. Dahlgren 1980), and Rutales (R. F. Thorne 1983) of
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be best treated as a unigeneric family near the Lamiaceae; A. Cronquist (1981) placed it within the Lamiaceae. Polypremum has often been placed in the
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species among the octoploid members of the complex," but later Stebbins (1981) stated that "... all the North American octoploids. . . should be united
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and L. A. S. Johnson. 1989. Casuarinaceae. In: R. Robertson et al., eds. 1981+. Flora of Australia. 14+ vols. Canberra. Vol. 3, pp. 100-174. Woodall, S
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Additional information may be found in B. G. Baldwin et al. (2002), H. Robinson (1981), and B. Nordenstam (1977[1978]). Senecionid shrubs with ovate to elliptic
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Genera 17, species ca. 240 (9 genera, 25 species in the flora). A. Cronquist (1981) placed Hydrangeaceae among a group of woody families traditionally allied
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stamens. The affinities of the family have been controversial. A. Cronquist (1981) outlined the problems, noting that the presence of an aril (and some embryologic
5 KB (477 words) - 23:53, 5 November 2020
Marshalliinae was related to epaleate subtribes of Heliantheae by H. Robinson (1981), rather than to Eupatorieae, as suggested by T. F. Stuessy (1977[1978])
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(Simpson et al. 1977). Female bees rupture the cuticle (J. L. Neff and Simpson 1981) and collect the oils for nest linings (S. B. Vinson et al. 1996) and larval
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subgenus Coptophyllum. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 36: 349--482. Mickel, J. T. 1981. The fern genus Anemia (Schizaeaceae) subgenus Anemiorrhiza. Brittonia 33:
3 KB (248 words) - 21:24, 5 November 2020
of Penthorum within Rosales has been disputed extensively. A. Cronquist (1981) considered it to be transitional between Crassulaceae and Saxifragaceae
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speciesPackera fendleri (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Fendler’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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speciesPackera crocata (Rydberg) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Saffron ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio crocatus Rydberg
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speciesPackera hartiana (A. Heller) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Hart’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio hartianus A
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Windham Basionym: Arabis pulchra var. duchesnensis Rollins Syst. Bot. 6: 59. 1981 Synonyms: Boechera pulchra var. duchesnensis (Rollins) Dorn Treatment appears
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speciesEcheandia flavescens (Schultes & Schultes f.) Cruden Sida 9: 146. 1981. Robert W. Cruden Illustrated Basionym: Anthericum flavescens Schultes &
4 KB (396 words) - 22:14, 5 November 2020
Physarieae genusPhysaria speciesPhysaria eburniflora Rollins Brittonia 33: 333. 1981. Steve L. O’Kane Jr. Common names: Devils Gate twinpod Endemic Treatment
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genusPackera speciesPackera cana (Hooker) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Woolly groundsel IllustratedEndemic Basionym:
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speciesPackera cynthioides (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 46. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: White Mountain ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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genusPohlia speciesPohlia tundrae A. J. Shaw Bryologist 84: 65, figs. 1 – 10. 1981. A. Jonathan Shaw Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28. Treatment on page 204
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Quercus speciesQuercus cornelius-mulleri Nixon & K. P. Steele Madroño 28: 210. 1981. Kevin C. Nixon Common names: Muller oak Illustrated Treatment appears in
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speciesPackera anonyma (Alph. Wood) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 45. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Small’s ragwort IllustratedEndemic Basionym:
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speciesHuperzia miyoshiana (Makino) Ching Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3(3): 303, 304. 1981. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Joseph M. Beitel Common names: Pacific fir-moss lycopode
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infusion of the flowers is used for ptomaine poisoning, and M. L. Zigmond (1981) stated that the Kawaiisu used mashed flowers as a salve for gonorrheal sores
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genera, but resembles Munroa, in its leafy-bracteate inflorescence (Caro 1981). Seedlings of Dasyochloa, like those of Erioneuron, are shaggy-white-villous
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disjunct locality in Clay County, where only two trees were recorded in 1981 (R.B. Figlar 1981). A survey in 1995 failed to locate the species in the same site
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Wyatt, R. 1981. Ant-pollination of the granite outcrop endemic Diamorpha smallii. Amer. J. Bot. 68: 1212–1217. Wyatt, R. and A. Stoneburner. 1981. Patterns
4 KB (436 words) - 23:43, 5 November 2020
flowering phenology of Diapensia lapponica is bimodal (R. T. Day and P. J. Scott 1981). In some populations, one group of plants flowers in May through June, and
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Tenn., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., n, c Europe. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) did not recognize as Andreaea crassinervia those eastern North American
4 KB (338 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
Names of New World cypresses (Cupressus). Phytologia 20: 429--445. Silba, J. 1981. Revision of Cupressus L. (Cupressaceae). Phytologia 49: 390--399. Wolf,
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including chemical evidence, were cited by Holmes (1981). For additional information, see Holmes (1981, 1993). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"
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in the flora). The circumscription of Ecliptinae adopted by H. Robinson (1981) and followed here differs from the treatment by P. O. Karis and O. Ryding
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weed flora of California rice fields. Aquatic Bot. 9:351-376 Carretero, J.L. 1981. El genero Echinochloa Beauv. en el sudeste de Europa. Anales Jard. Bot.
15 KB (1,345 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
the flora). Circumscription of Melampodiinae in the sense of H. Robinson (1981) is narrower than the traditional one (e.g., T. F. Stuessy 1973), which included
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new system of genera in the Old World. Blumea 19: 17--52. Holttum, R. E. 1981. The genus Oreopteris (Thelypteridaceae). Kew Bull. 36: 223--226. Holttum
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werckleanum H. Christ, are in need of monographic work (R. G. Stolze 1981; A. R. Smith 1981; J. T. Mickel and J. M. Beitel 1988). None. None. window.proper
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(Inuleae–Compositae). New Zealand J. Bot. 9: 157–185. Hilliard, O. M. and B. L. Burtt. 1981. Some generic concepts in Compositae–Gnaphaliinae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 82:
21 KB (1,721 words) - 20:53, 5 November 2020
Theaceae should be defined to include only subfamily Theoideae of A. Cronquist (1981). These analyses place Theaceae in Ericales of the Asterid I clade (Angiosperm
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based on morphologic and chemical evidence (Clark; G. K. Brown and Clark 1981, 1982). R. C. Jackson (1979) and J. Grau (1976), more conservatively, have
7 KB (574 words) - 20:58, 5 November 2020
Zealand, Australia. Species 6 (1 in the flora). Dennis, W. M. and D. H. Webb. 1981. The distribution of Pilularia americana A. Br. (Marsileaceae) in North America
2 KB (176 words) - 21:22, 5 November 2020
face the stem axis, is morphologically abaxial (J. G. Croxdale 1978, 1979, 1981). Species ca. 10 (1 in the flora). None. Salvinia minima window.properti
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and Pacific Islands (Hawaii). Species 2 (1 in the flora). Karrfalt, E. E. 1981. The comparative and developmental morphology of the root system of Selaginella
2 KB (169 words) - 21:25, 5 November 2020
Seeds ca. 8-15. North America, Eurasia, circumboreal. Species 1. Warr, H. J. 1981. Variation in Vaccinium uliginosum in Northeastern North America. M.Sc. thesis
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(Hedwig) Hilferty ex H. A. Crum & L. E. Anderson Mosses E. N. Amer. 1: 169. 1981,. Howard A. Crum† Basionym: Dicranum schreberianum Hedwig Sp. Musc. Frond
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Physarieae genusPhysaria speciesPhysaria alpina Rollins Brittonia 33: 339. 1981. Steve L. O’Kane Jr. Common names: Avery Peak or alpine twinpod EndemicConservation
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Paronychioideae has been debated. Some workers (e.g., V. Bittrich 1993; A. Cronquist 1981) have considered them petals; we follow L. Petrusson and M. Thulin (1996)
22 KB (1,113 words) - 23:09, 5 November 2020
Genera 2, species ca. 45 (1 genus, 2 species in the flora). A. Cronquist (1981) classified Staphyleaceae within Sapindales. His circumscription of the family
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Eurasia, Africa (South Africa). Species 10–12 (3 in the flora). Crusio, W. E. 1981. Die Gattung Samolus. Inform. Z. A. G. Wasserpflanzen 11: 3–8. Ståhl, B.
4 KB (312 words) - 23:44, 5 November 2020
morphologically homogeneous throughout its disjunct range (H. H. Poppendieck 1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Amoreuxia"
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been included in Helenieae and Pseudoclappia in Senecioneae. H. Robinson (1981) suggested that the two genera are related to Varilla (Varillinae). None
3 KB (265 words) - 21:13, 5 November 2020
Ann. Bot. Fenn. 15: 101--106. Sarvela, J., D. M. Britton, and K. M. Pryer. 1981. Studies on the Gymnocarpium robertianum complex in North America. Rhodora
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been derived from Phytolaccaceae or a close common ancestor (A. Cronquist 1981), a relationship supported by J. Rodman et al. (1984) and S. R. Downie and
14 KB (1,274 words) - 22:57, 5 November 2020
M. 1981. Tradescantia bracteata Small and T. occidentalis (Britt.) Smyth in the Great Plains. [Abstract.] In: Botanical Society of America. 1981. Abstracts
6 KB (657 words) - 21:32, 5 November 2020
flora). The circumscription of Chaenactidinae used here (that of H. Robinson 1981) contrasts sharply with that of B. G. Baldwin (Baldwin and B. L. Wessa 2000;
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2 (1 in the flora). Varillinae may be allied with Clappiinae (H. Robinson 1981) or with Jaumeinae (P. O. Karis and O. Ryding 1994). None. Varilla window
3 KB (219 words) - 21:12, 5 November 2020
The family has been divided into three genera by some (e.g., A. Cronquist 1981): Magallana and Trophaeastrum, both monotypic and restricted to southern
3 KB (334 words) - 23:31, 5 November 2020
fully developed double peristome. According to H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981), the columella is persistent and exserted after dehiscence. Both species
4 KB (350 words) - 22:38, 5 November 2020
to establish and maintain (M. A. Dirr 1998). Clay, K. and N. C. Ellstrand. 1981. Stylar polymorphism in Epigaea repens, a dioecious species. Bull. Torrey
3 KB (295 words) - 23:47, 5 November 2020
parvifolia (A. S. Weakley 2007). As noted by R. K. Godfrey and J. W. Wooten (1981) and other authors, this combination of characters represents but one extreme
3 KB (311 words) - 23:45, 5 November 2020
1873) and in Coreopsidinae (T. F. Stuessy 1973). According to H. Robinson (1981), the “glands on the anther appendages” in Guardiola “are distinct and massive
3 KB (259 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
Caulophyllum is occasionally cultivated in woodland gardens. Brett, J. F. 1981. The Morphology and Taxonomy of Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. (Berberidaceae)
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(Orchidaceae) with sepaline spur. Bot. Jahrb. Syst. 97: 548–574. Hammer, R. L. 1981. Finding new orchids: A contribution to the Orchidaceae of Florida. Fairchild
4 KB (271 words) - 22:13, 5 November 2020
Australian Cayratia sect. Discypharia Suessenguth (K. Suessenguth 1953; A. Latiff 1981). Causonis trifolia (Linnaeus) Rafinesque, native to southeast Asia and Australia
3 KB (263 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
Aphanorrhegma serratum has been reported from Texas by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981). I have seen only one collection (Duke) from that state, but the specimen
3 KB (280 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
continental Asia including Japan and Formosa. Sinensia 5: 23--91. Gordon, J. E. 1981. Arachniodes simplicior new to South Carolina and the United States. Amer
3 KB (303 words) - 21:24, 5 November 2020
included in Espejoa or Hypericophyllum (in Chaenactidinae). H. Robinson (1981) allied Jaumeinae with Clappiinae and Flaveriinae. None. Jaumea window.p
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Dimeresiinae was originally placed in a broadly circumscribed Inuleae. H. Robinson (1981) suggested possible relationships with Galinsoginae and/or Helianthinae.
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examining the adaxial surface, where they appear as green lines. Anton, A.M. 1981. The genus Tragus (Gramineae). Kew Bull. 36:55-61. Tragus australianus, Tragus
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varietyCroptilon hookerianum var. validum (Rydberg) E. B. Smith Sida 9: 61. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Endemic Basionym: Isopappus validus Rydberg Brittonia 1: 100
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varietyPolygonella polygama var. brachystachya (Meisner) Wunderlin Florida Sci. 44: 79. 1981. Craig C. Freeman Endemic Basionym: Polygonella brachystachya Meisner in
2 KB (118 words) - 23:08, 5 November 2020
arctolitoralis Jurtzev & V. V. Petrovsky Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 66: 1045. 1981 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 145. Mentioned on page
2 KB (141 words) - 23:42, 5 November 2020
varietyCroptilon hookerianum var. graniticum (E. B. Smith) E. B. Smith Sida 9: 61. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Endemic Basionym: Haplopappus validus subsp. graniticus E.
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(Carlquist et al. 2003). Such a circumscription was used by H. Robinson (1981) and is followed here. In papers by B. G. Baldwin and B. Wessa (2000) and
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oppositifolia var. achyranthes (de Candolle) D. J. Keil & Stuessy Syst. Bot. 6: 280. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Illustrated Basionym: Dunantia achyranthes de Candolle in A
3 KB (256 words) - 21:09, 5 November 2020
on the hybrid origin of G. tesselata. Brittonia 28: 53–75. Kallunki, J. A. 1981. Reproductive biology of mixed-species populations of Goodyera (Orchidaceae)
5 KB (348 words) - 22:11, 5 November 2020
aggressive aquatic weed ever known in the tropics (T. D. Center and N. R. Spencer 1981; R. E. Fitzsimons and R. H. Vallejos 1986; W. T. Penfound and T. T. Earle
6 KB (754 words) - 16:44, 18 August 2021
from matK sequences. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 86:835-851 Soderstrom, T.R. 1981. The grass subfamily Centostecoideae. Taxon 30:614-616. Poaceae tribe Centotheceae
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borne on a peduncle, the juncture marked by two bracteoles (W. R. Anderson 1981). This morphology technically makes many inflorescences in the family cymose
10 KB (623 words) - 19:52, 26 April 2021
a diverse, poorly defined assemblage of xeric-adapted ferns (A. R. Smith 1981). Relationships among the North American, neotropical, and Eastern Hemisphere
11 KB (613 words) - 21:23, 5 November 2020
the flora). Batra, S. W. T., J. R. Coulson, P. H. Dunn, and P. E. Boldt. 1981. Insects and Fungi Associated with Carduus Thistles (Compositae). Washington
6 KB (421 words) - 20:51, 5 November 2020
flora). The broad circumscription of Capparaceae followed by A. Cronquist (1981) was similar to that of F. Pax and K. Hoffmann (1936). Traditionally, the
6 KB (595 words) - 23:32, 5 November 2020
and R. W. Schery. 1945. Cannaceae. In: R. E. Woodson Jr. et al., eds. 1943--1981. Flora of Panama. 41 fasc. St. Louis. [Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 32: 74--80
6 KB (713 words) - 21:32, 5 November 2020
Cook and M. S. Nicholls (1986, 1987), and G. E. Crow and C. B. Hellquist (1981). The worldwide monograph of Sparganium (by C. D. K. Cook and M. S. Nicholls
8 KB (651 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
figured in taxonomy in the past, according to H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) there is much overlap; but, similarly, their use of differences in margin
5 KB (554 words) - 22:29, 5 November 2020
both ends. Although the prorulae are small (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981 cited the cells as smooth), they are easily seen at 400× since they are relatively
3 KB (273 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
Hemisphere; one species is established in the Flora region. Welzen, P.C. van. 1981. A taxonomic revision of Arthraxon Beauv. (Gramineae). Blumea 27:255-300
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Jr. 1960. Trema. In: R. E. Woodson Jr. and R. W. Schery et al., eds. 1943-1981. Flora of Panama. 41 fasc. St. Louis. [Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 47: 108-110
4 KB (393 words) - 22:51, 5 November 2020
America, Asia, Africa, Australia. Species 6 (1 in the flora). Crum, H. A. 1981. Eccremidium, a genus of Ditrichaceae new to the Americas. Bryologist 84:
3 KB (229 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
11. se United States. Species 1: se United States. Species 1 Dorr, L. J. 1981. The pollination ecology of Zenobia (Ericaceae). Amer. J. Bot. 68: 1325–1332
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Canadian weed list (I. V. Hall et al. 1973; A. A. Ismail and D. E. Yarborough 1981). Variety angustifolia has allelopathic effects on black spruce (Picea mariana)
3 KB (307 words) - 23:47, 5 November 2020
Australia, a few in Africa. Species ca. 17 (1 in the flora). Weber, J. L. 1981. A taxonomic revision of Cassytha (Lauraceae) in Australia. J. Adelaide Bot
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South America. Species 5 (1 in the flora). Keil, D. J. and T. F. Stuessy. 1981. Systematics of Isocarpha (Compositae: Eupatorieae). Syst. Bot. 6: 258–287
3 KB (246 words) - 21:09, 5 November 2020
Legacy Map Introduced; Ala., Fla., Ga., N.C., S.C., South America. Prior to 1981, Portulaca amilis had been included conceptually within P. pilosa (A. E.
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Species of Fritillaria. M.A. thesis. Stanford University. Marchant, C. J. 1981. Fritillaria in British Columbia. Davidsonia 12: 19–25. Rix, E. M. and D
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belong to M. sect. Mikania in the sense of W. C. Holmes (1996). Holmes, W. C. 1981. Mikania (Compositae) of the United States. Sida 9: 147–158. Holmes, W. C
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var. rubiginosus (Mitten) R. H. Zander Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 2: 417. 1981,. Richard H. Zander Basionym: Barbula rubiginosa Kindberg J. Linn. Soc.,
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scopulinus G. L. Nesom & V. D. Roth J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 16: 39. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Rock fleabane Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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speciesPackera ionophylla (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Tehachapi ragwort EndemicConservation concern
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neomexicana var. mutabilis (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Endemic Basionym: Senecio mutabilis Greene Pittonia 4: 113
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speciesPackera schweinitziana (Nuttall) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 48. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Schweinitz’s ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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Basionym: Xanthocephalum petradoria S. L. Welsh & S. Goodrich Brittonia 33: 301. 1981 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 93. Mentioned on page
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genusCroptilon speciesCroptilon rigidifolium (E. B. Smith) E. B. Smith Sida 9: 60. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Stiff-leaf scratchdaisy Basionym: Haplopappus
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(Thériot & E. B. Bartram) R. H. Zander Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 2: 395. 1981,. Richard H. Zander Basionym: Didymodon mexicanus var. subulatus Thériot
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speciesXylorhiza cronquistii S. L. Welsh & N. D. Atwood Brittonia 33: 302, fig. 8. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Cronquist’s woody-aster EndemicConservation concern
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kingii var. barnebyana S. L. Welsh & Goodrich Brittonia 33: 299, fig. 5. 1981 Synonyms: Aster kingii var. barnebyana (S. L. Welsh & Goodrich) S. L. Welsh
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ovalifolium varietyEriogonum ovalifolium var. williamsiae Reveal Brittonia 33: 446. 1981. James L. Reveal Common names: Steamboat Springs wild buckwheat EndemicConservation
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speciesPackera macounii (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Siskiyou Mountain ragwort Endemic Basionym:
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speciesPackera millelobata (Rydberg) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Uinta ragwort Basionym: Senecio millelobatus Rydberg
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(Schleicher ex Hooker & Greville) R. H. Zander Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 2: 393. 1981,. Richard H. Zander Basionym: Tortula gracilis (Bridel) Bridel Edinburgh
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obtusifolium (Linnaeus) Hilliard & B. L. Burtt Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 82: 205. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Eastern rabbit-tobacco gnaphale à feuilles obtuses
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few southern states in the United States. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) suggested that the name has been misused to the extent that other North
3 KB (198 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
Although a proposal to reject Spergularia media as a confused name (J. Lambinon 1981) was rejected, some authors still favor that argument, preferring to use
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(Baker) Ching from Asia constitute the genus Oreopteris Holub (R. E. Holttum 1981). None. Thelypteris quelpaertensis window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"
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have these, though illustrated as such by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981). The exsiccat C. F. Austin, Musci Appalachiani 52 has a short seta and the
3 KB (205 words) - 22:29, 5 November 2020
Desmothamnus Small; Neopieris Britton Species 36 (5 in the flora). Judd, W. S. 1981. A monograph of Lyonia (Ericaceae). J. Arnold Arbor. 62: 63–209, 315–436
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species of Zephyranthes. Pl. Life 32: 67–80. Flory, W. S. and R. O. Flagg. 1981. Pyrolirion and Zephyranthes: Distinct genera. Bol. Soc. Brot., ser. 2, 53:
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concept of Arenaria is often used in North American works (e.g., B. E. Wofford 1981), splitting Arenaria is supported by morphological and molecular evidence
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studied by H. J. Price and colleagues (Price and Bachmann 1975; Price et al. 1981, 1983). Additional genetic studies, not referenced here, have involved three
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in the flora). Other members of Zaluzaniinae in the sense of H. Robinson (1981) have been placed in Neurolaeninae and in Helianthinae. None. Zaluzania window
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some Old World. Genera 6, species 32 (1 species in the flora). H. Robinson (1981) removed genera from traditional Milleriinae and placed them in other tribes
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Although the species has been listed for Georgia (W. H. Duncan and J. T. Kartesz 1981), I have seen no specimens from that state. A specimen collected by S. B
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subsequent dispersal along railroad lines (M. P. Widrlechner 1983). R. M. Arnold (1981, 1982) noted that self-compatibility, a short generation time, drought tolerance
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Appalachian Mountains are highly doubtful (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981). Some authors (D. H. Norris and J. R. Shevock 2004) refer all material of
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speciesPackera tridenticulata (Rydberg) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 48. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Threetooth ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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obovata (Muhlenberg ex Willdenow) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Roundleaf ragwort Basionym: Senecio obovatus Muhlenberg
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speciesPackera plattensis (Nuttall) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 48. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Prairie groundsel Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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D. Windham Basionym: Arabis williamsii Rollins Syst. Bot. 6: 62, fig. 2. 1981 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 411. Mentioned on page
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D. Windham Basionym: Arabis lasiocarpa Rollins Syst. Bot. 6: 58, fig. 1. 1981 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 387. Mentioned on page
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speciesPackera multilobata (Torrey & A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Lobeleaf Groundsel Endemic Basionym: Senecio
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speciesPackera sanguisorboides (Rydberg) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 48. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Burnet ragwort Endemic Basionym: Senecio s
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speciesPackera werneriifolia (A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 48. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Hoary groundsel Endemic Basionym: Senecio aureus
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luteoalbum (Linnaeus) Hilliard & B. L. Burtt Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 82: 206. 1981. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Red-tip rabbit-tobacco IntroducedIllustrated
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subsp. ogilviensis (A. E. Porsild) D. F. Brunton Canad. J. Bot. 59: 1362. 1981. John K. Morton Endemic Basionym: Melandrium apetalum subsp. ogilviense A
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Thelypodiopsis barnebyi S. L. Welsh & N. D. Atwood Brittonia 33: 300, fig. 6. 1981 Synonyms: Schoenocrambe barnebyi (S. L. Welsh & N. D. Atwood) Rollins Treatment
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subg. Oligogonum speciesEriogonum libertini Reveal Madroño 28: 163, fig. 1. 1981. James L. Reveal Common names: Dubakella Mountain wild buckwheat Endemic
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genusCirsium speciesCirsium barnebyi S. L. Welsh & Neese Brittonia 33: 296, fig. 3. 1981. David J. Keil Common names: Barneby’s thistle EndemicConservation concern
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speciesEriogonum soredium Reveal Great Basin Naturalist 41: 229, fig. 1. 1981. James L. Reveal Common names: Frisco wild buckwheat EndemicConservation
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speciesMinuartia decumbens T. W. Nelson & J. P. Nelson Brittonia 33: 162, fig. 1. 1981. Richard K. Rabeler, Ronald L. Hartman, Frederick H. Utech Common names:
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Al-Shehbaz, Michael D. Windham Basionym: Arabis ophira Rollins Syst. Bot. 6: 56. 1981 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 391. Mentioned on page
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speciesPackera millefolium (Torrey & A. Gray) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Piedmont ragwort IllustratedEndemicConservation
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Lavauxia speciesOenothera acutissima W. L. Wagner Syst. Bot. 6: 153, fig. 1. 1981. Warren L. Wagner Synonyms: Oenothera flava var. acutissima (W. L. Wagner)
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speciesIvesia paniculata T. W. Nelson & J. P. Nelson Brittonia 33: 165, fig. 1. 1981. Barbara Ertter, James L. Reveal Common names: Ash Creek ivesia Conservation
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speciesPackera layneae (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 47. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Layne’s ragwort EndemicConservation concern
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speciesSchistidium occidentale (Lawton) Churchill Advances Cladist. 1: 143. 1981,. Terry T. McIntosh Basionym: Grimmia occidentalis Lawton Bull. Torrey Bot
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(Schimper ex Müller Hal.) R. H. Zander Cryptog. Bryol. Lichénol. 2: 394. 1981,. Richard H. Zander Basionym: Barbula icmadophila (Schimper ex Müller Hal
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Barbula anserinocapitata X. J. Li Acta Bot. Yunnan. 3: 103, plate 2, figs. 1–9. 1981 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 546. Mentioned on page
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E. polystachya is also used for this purpose. Shaw, R.B. and F.E. Smeins. 1981. Some anatomical and morphological characteristics of the North American
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America (A. J. Grout 1928–1940, vol. 1, part 1; H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981) but throughout the world (R. D. Seppelt 1982; A. A. Frisvoll 1985). While
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distribution in North America and South America (A. E. Orchard 1981; O. Ceska et al. 1986). S. G. Aiken (1981) and R. Couch and E. Nelson (1988) suggested that M
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treatment to date of native and naturalized Sedum in North America. Calie, P. J. 1981. Systematic studies in Sedum section Ternata (Crassulaceae). Brittonia 33:
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Tenn., Europe. The chromosome number is n = 7 (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981). Cleistocarpidium palustre (can be recognized easily by the extremely long
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Bombay Nat. Hist. Soc. 49: 802--804. Shireman, J. V. , and M. J. Maceina. 1981. The utilization of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella Val., for Hydrilla
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habit in California weeds. Amer. J. Bot. 35: 179--186. Löve, Á. and D. Löve. 1981. In: IOPB chromosome number reports LXXII. Taxon 30: 694--708. None. window
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occur in the Antilles, Central America, and South America (D. B. Lellinger 1981). It is noteworthy for constituting one of the first known examples of backcrossing
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question is Malephora crocea (Jacquin) Schwantes (W. R. Ferren Jr. et al. 1981). Drosanthemum speciosum is cultivated as an ornamental in California; it
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Aquatic Bot. 14: 177--204. Roberts, M. L., R. L. Stuckey, and R. S. Mitchell. 1981. Hydrocharis morsus-ranae (Hydrocharitaceae) new to the United States. Rhodora
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(1962), but this decision was not accepted by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) or H. Hofmann (1997). According to M. S. Ignatov and S. Huttunen (2002)
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in the flora area by the var. incompletus. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) noted that attribution of this moss to New York is probably incorrect. According
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the cells lumens are centrally 1-papillose. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) discussed the doubtful report of Cyclodictyon obliquicuspis (Müller Hal
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North America, Eurasia, circumboreal. Species 1. Hall, I. V. and J. M. Shay. 1981. Biological flora of Canada: 3. Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. var. minus Lodd
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The Families of Monocotyledons. Berlin. Löve, Á. and D. Löve. 1981. In: IOPB A. Löve. 1981. Chromosome number reports LXXII. Taxon 30: 694--708. Larsen
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revised as a section of Haplopappus by E. B. Smith (1965, 1966), who later (1981) came to agree with L. H. Shinners (1951c) that the group should stand as
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paraphyllia in both Climaciaceae and Hylocomiaceae; H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) agreed. The rhizoids in Climacium are red, minutely roughened, with oblique
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only subsp. nanifolium occurred in both Texas and Mexico. Later, Clausen (1981) made S. robertsianum a subspecies of S. parvum. In a study of the systematics
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placed on the Federal Register under the Endangered Species Act (L. W. Macior 1981). Metapopulation dynamics suggest that an ecologically intact watershed is
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(especially ragweeds) are sources of “hay-fever” for some people. H. Robinson (1981) affirmed inclusion of Parthenice and Parthenium in Ambrosiinae and suggested
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Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 18: 323--477. Montgomery, J. D. and E. M. Paulton. 1981. Dryopteris in North America. Fiddlehead Forum 8: 25--31. Montgomery, J.
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staminate than pistillate plants in a given population (T. R. Meagher 1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1984; T. R. Meagher and J. Antonovics 1982, 1982b; T. R. Meagher and
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jaegeriana, the miniature Joshua tree, and L. D. Benson and R. A. Darrow (1981) recognized the variety as well; however, J. L. Reveal (1977c) declined to
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1979. Leucothoë revisited (Ericaceae). Baileya 20: 141–145. Melvin, N. C. 1981. Additional comments on Leucothoë (Ericaceae). Baileya 21: 127–130. Sleumer
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Bot. 22: 87–127. Prescott, A. 1984. Galenia. In: R. Robertson et al., eds. 1981+. Flora of Australia. 23+ vols. Canberra. Vol. 4, pp. 50–52. Galenia pubescens
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North American Flora…. 47+ vols. New York. Vol. 33, pp. 49–50. Kirkman, L. K. 1981. Taxonomic revision of Centratherum and Phyllocephalum (Compositae: Vernonieae)
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pectinata from the flora of Florida. Amer. Fern J. 72: 63. Nauman, C. E. 1981. The genus Nephrolepis in Florida. Amer. Fern J. 71: 35--40. Nauman, C. E
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but owing to the curvature of a short seta (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981), or because an innovation originated proximally and developed beyond the
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within the Saxifraginae. Biochem. Syst. & Ecol. 8: 149–151. Soltis, D. E. 1981. Variation in hybrid fertility among the disjunct populations and species
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ternipes and Aristida hamulosa (Gramineae). Sida 14:251-261 Vaughn, J.M. 1981. Systematics of Aristida dichotoma, basiramea, and curtissii (Poaceae). Master's
19 KB (795 words) - 20:07, 22 September 2022
Sclerocactus, by these studies. Heil, K. D., B. Armstrong, and D. Schleser. 1981. A review of the genus Pediocactus. Cact. Succ. J. (Los Angeles) 53: 17–39
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it is often essential for identification. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) discussed the indistinct generic limits between Funaria and Entosthodon
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subg. Eucycla speciesEriogonum crosbyae Reveal Brittonia 33: 442, fig. 1. 1981. James L. Reveal Common names: Crosby’s wild buckwheat EndemicConservation
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speciesPackera streptanthifolia (Greene) W. A. Weber & Á. Löve Phytologia 49: 48. 1981. Debra K. Trock Common names: Rocky Mountain groundsel Endemic Basionym:
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rather than var. pauciflorum) as drinking tubes and as pipes (M. L. Zigmond 1981). Zigmond reported also that the roots of var. pauciflorum are used as an
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Subgenus Sparganium. Bot. Helv. 97: 1--44. Crow, G. E. and C. B. Hellquist. 1981. Aquatic vascular plants of New England. Pt. 2. Typhaceae and Sparganiaceae
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relatives (J. R. Spence 2005; Spence and H. P. Ramsay 2005). Shaw, A. J. 1981. The taxonomy of Bryum oblongum and B. blindii. Canad. J. Bot. 59: 1426–1435
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Biogeogr. 12: 21--47. Ayensu, E. S. 1981. Assessment of threatened plant species in the United States. In: H. Synge, ed. 1981. The Biological Aspects of Rare
167 KB (27,143 words) - 18:24, 1 February 2019
confusing. (For an in-depth study, see D. E. Boufford and S. A. Spongberg 1981 and J. W. Hardin 1984.) Variation in the amount of pubescence is common,
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peninsula. The report of the subspecies from southern Bay County (J. C. Semple 1981) was based on a few plants that were subsequently determined to be a hybrid
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California and southern Oregon (K. L. Chambers 2004b). S. Mauthe et al. (1981) reported on a detailed morphologic analysis of the heads and pappi of M
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undulatifolius, a new record for North America. Castanea 64:201-202 Scholz, U. 1981. Monographic der Gattung Oplismenus (Gramineae). Phanerog. Monog. Tomus XIII
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South Carolina and is known from a single population there (J. E. Gordon 1981). It was still locally common in April 1990 and apparently poses no threat
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Aquatic Bot. 5: 251--259. Moffler, M. D., M. J. Durako, and W. F. Grey. 1981. Observations on the reproductive ecology of Thalassia testudinum (Hydrocharitaceae)
3 KB (286 words) - 21:32, 5 November 2020
Central America (Guatemala). According to R. K. Godfrey and J. W. Wooten (1981), the flowers of Berchemia scandens are functionally unisexual, the plants
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The capsule mouths are dark reddish brown; H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) referred to this species as the red-mouthed mnium. None. None. window.p
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serpyllifolius (M. Van Rensselaer and H. McMinn 1942; W. H. Duncan and J. T. Kartesz 1981). Ceanothus serpyllifolius is treated here as part of C. microphyllus, because
3 KB (308 words) - 20:14, 5 November 2020
(F. D. Bowers 1994), eastern North America (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981), England (A. J. E. Smith 1978), and China (Lin B. J. and B. C. Tan 2002)
4 KB (401 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
classifications have included Hydrastis within Ranunculaceae (A. Cronquist 1981; W. C. Gregory 1941; O. F. Langlet 1932; M. Tamura 1963, 1968, 1993). Recent
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Brassica species for both food and medicinal purposes (T. Arnason et al. 1981; H. A. Jacobson et al. 1988): Brassica species—young shoots cooked as greens
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University of California Press, Berkeley, California, U.S.A. 1400 pp. Harmon, P.J. 1981. The vascular flora of the ridge top of North Fork Mountain, Grant and Pendleton
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Orchids of North America North of Mexico…. Waltham, Mass. Dressler, R. L. 1981. The Orchids: Natural History and Classification. Cambridge, Mass. Dressler
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F. Speta 1999) and karyological (J. Greilhuber 1982; J. Greilhuber et al. 1981; F. Speta 1979) studies, as well as morphological data. Some of these segregate
4 KB (476 words) - 22:16, 5 November 2020
Flora.... 47+ vols. New York. Ser. 2, part 10, pp. 150–151. Davis, F. G. 1981. The genus Gynura (Compositae) in Malesia and Australia. Kew Bull. 35: 711–734
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of Dicranowesia crispula than of a Grimmia. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) reported immersed capsules, but that is not correct; they are clearly exserted
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Eurhynchium (for example, H. Robinson 1962; H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981). The phylogenetic analysis by M. S. Ignatov and S. Huttunen (2002) demonstrated
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ate dry, and also mixed with water to serve as a beverage (M. L. Zigmond 1981). None. Eriogonum baileyi var. baileyi, Eriogonum baileyi var. praebens window
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tetraploid species. Reports of P. glycyrrhiza occurring in Arizona (T. Reeves 1981; D. B. Lellinger 1985) are based on misidentified specimens. None. None.
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in part of long, flagellate branches. Both H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) and W. D. Reese (1984) reported that Schwetschkeopsis is ecostate, but many
4 KB (414 words) - 22:37, 5 November 2020
(1928–1940, vol. 3), and in some checklists, for example, M. F. V. Corley et al. (1981); this resulted in a broad extension of the species range. However, B. fendleri
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an environmentally induced expression of F. bryoides, but A. A. Frisvoll (1981), who reported the species from Svalbard, suggested that it be treated as
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leaf forms. These do not merit taxonomic recognition (J. M. Beitel et al. 1981). Onoclea sensibilis resembles Woodwardia areolata (Linnaeus) T. Moore, with
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aborigines for an as yet unknown reason (see J. M. Gillett and N. K. B. Robson 1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Hypericum
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Yakima and Kittitas counties, Washington, and Crook County, Oregon. Maze (1981) noted that, at one site, A. hendersonii was restricted to areas subject
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described as “inconspicuously 1-papillose” (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981, as F. hallii), but since that condition is not always present it is perhaps
3 KB (347 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
1989), and it has a peculiar root position and development (E. E. Karrfalt 1981) probably found elsewhere only in the closely related species S. deflexa
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unbranched stems versus the freely branched in T. occidentalis (M. Bolick 1981). By using this feature, branching specimens from Minnesota would be identified
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Formica schaufussi Mayr and F. subsericea Say (R. Wyatt 1981; Wyatt and A. Stoneburner 1981). The plants appear to be self-incompatible; there was no
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shores in Nova Scotia (H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist 1991; D. J. Sieren 1981). It has been collected from Cape Cod, Massachusetts, and southwestern Maine
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Hilliard & Burtt is given in C. Jeffrey (1979), O. M. Hilliard and B. L. Burtt (1981), and J. McNeill et al. (1987). Gnaphalium polycaulon Persoon is included
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Asplenium ruta-muraria with various taxa are known from Europe (T. Reichstein 1981), but only three are known from North America, all exceedingly rare. These
5 KB (552 words) - 21:24, 5 November 2020
Y. L. Chen & P. K. Chou (Chen and Schirarend; M. Qaiser and S. Nazimuddin 1981). Sageretia brandrethiana Aitchison also has sometimes been treated at varietal
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(Grimmiaceae, Bryophyta) 1. ...2. Lindbergia 6: 1–16, 89–117. Bremer, B. 1981. A taxonomic revision of Schistidium (Grimmiaceae, Bryophyta) 3. Lindbergia
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Northeastern North America. Ph.D. thesis. University of Toronto. Catling, P. M. 1981. Taxonomy of autumn-flowering Spiranthes species of southern Nova Scotia
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out by A. E. Orchard (1981), most of the characters initially proposed by M. L. Fernald (1919c) and expanded upon by S. G. Aiken (1981) that are thought to
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Zander (1978g) did a synopsis of the genus for the New World, and later (1980, 1981) added species with elongate, twisted peristomes, emphasizing a reduction
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source of small seed for birds. The reported use of the stem (M. L. Zigmond 1981, as E. insigne) by the Kawaiisu people as a smoking pipe is incorrect; the
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not closely related to any of the other Neotropical genera (L. Andersson 1981), and it is the only genus of Marantaceae that is strictly aquatic. The cucullate
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croomii. He included the latter two taxa in P. polygama. R. P. Wunderlin (1981) as well as G. L. Nesom and V. M. Bates (1984) discussed morphological variation
4 KB (425 words) - 18:05, 6 November 2020
Chater 1980; E. W. Davies 1955; M. Luceno et al. 1987; A. Strid and R. Franzen 1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Carex
3 KB (359 words) - 21:44, 5 November 2020
Schulze 1978b; C. Sterling 1980; F. H. Utech 1978b; F. H. Utech and S. Kawano 1981; N. Tanaka 1997, 1997b, 1997c, 1997d, 1997e, 1998), palynology (M. Takahashi
5 KB (577 words) - 22:15, 5 November 2020
1956). At one time, 38 counties in the Carolinas were infested (R. E. Eplee 1981). Through a comprehensive control program and quarantine measures, the original
4 KB (480 words) - 20:37, 5 November 2020
(cf. S. B. Young 1970); a review of morphological variation by H. J. Warr (1981) did not support the distinctiveness of infraspecific taxa. None. None. window
5 KB (395 words) - 23:41, 5 November 2020
ciliare and P. ellipticum were considered by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) to be varieties of Mnium affine Blandow ex Funck [Plagiomnium affine (Blandow
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disjunct population about 150 miles northward in Refugio County (S. R. Hill 1981). Traditionally synonymized under Passiflora suberosa in our region (for
5 KB (557 words) - 23:20, 5 November 2020
americana and F. muhlenbergii, as explained by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981). Generally, collections from North America east of the Rockies continental
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Ditrichum tortuloides was synonymized by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) with D. ambiguum. However, R. R. Ireland and H. Robinson (2001) discussed
3 KB (319 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
(Herbaugh et al.). In an experiment conducted by Musselman and C. Parker (1981) on more than 30 potential hosts, the American strain of S. gesnerioides
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Onagraceae and for Ludwigia (Raven 1963[1964], 1988). R. H. Eyde (1977, 1979, 1981) and Raven (1963[1964]) suggested that sect. Myrtocarpus includes species
5 KB (571 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
which only three specimens were reported by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981). According to A. L. Andrews (1932), plants of this species in California
4 KB (435 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
have not been found in eastern North America (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"subgenus","name":"Grimmia
4 KB (429 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
(Benson et al.), and butterfly egg-mimicry (Gilbert; K. S. Williams and Gilbert 1981). Some Passiflora species exhibit polymorphism is best exemplified in the
17 KB (1,462 words) - 23:20, 5 November 2020
present description and that of, for example, H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) for C. alpestre would not be parallel and would be misleading. Cynodontium
4 KB (351 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
strand is especially well developed. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1965, 1981) published illustrations of F. polypodioides and F. asplenioides that aid
3 KB (351 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
blindii by the shorter laminal cells of the innovation leaves. A. J. Shaw (1981) enumerated other differences, including generally shorter exostome teeth
3 KB (294 words) - 22:34, 5 November 2020
and is regarded as weedy by some authors (H. J. Thompson and A. M. Powell 1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section","name":"Mentzelia
3 KB (254 words) - 20:14, 5 November 2020
late Paleozoic or early Mesozoic (D. M. Moore 1956; D. D. Horn and P. Somers 1981). Neviusia alabamensis has been cultivated as far north as Boston and Chicago
3 KB (317 words) - 23:58, 5 November 2020
present in mature capsules (R. R. Ireland 1982; H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981). Crum, H. A. and L. E. Anderson. 1964. Notes on Physcomitrium collenchymatum
3 KB (263 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
1875 from the Navy Ballast Yard in Kargins Point, New Jersey (W. C. Holmes 1981); no further records for New Jersey are known. None. None. window.proper
3 KB (311 words) - 21:10, 5 November 2020
those of C. jenneri are larger: 12–14(–20) µm. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) considered this species doubtfully present in North America. Cynodontium
4 KB (368 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
(redetermined by G. R. Brassard according to H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981). In the southern part of the European range, it grows on sandy or loam soil
3 KB (305 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
Ariz., Ky., W.Va., Europe, Asia, Australia. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) questioned the presence of Homomallium incurvatum in North America, as no
2 KB (205 words) - 22:38, 5 November 2020
poisoning, although individual reactions can vary dramatically (R. A. Howard 1981). The applelike appearance of the fruit no doubt has been the cause of more
3 KB (321 words) - 20:15, 5 November 2020
medicinal purposes is further threatening it. Taylor, R. L. and S. Taylor. 1981. Taxus brevifolia in British Columbia. Davidsonia 12(4): 89--94. None. window
3 KB (293 words) - 21:25, 5 November 2020
gymnospermoides by H. A. Gleason and A. Cronquist (1991) and D. J. Sieren (1981), are better included in E. caroliniana. None. None. window.propertiesFr
4 KB (292 words) - 21:01, 5 November 2020
distribution of the species above includes reports by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981), R. K. Lampton (1970), B. D. Mahler and W. F. Mahler (1980), J. A. McCleary
3 KB (360 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
Vincent & Erbe 9259, LAF) from Livingston Parish, Louisiana (K. A. Vincent 1981). It has subsequently been documented from Mexico and Venezuela. None. None
3 KB (270 words) - 20:36, 5 November 2020
it is probably not simply a dry land phase (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981), occurring sporadically throughout the range of the species. The perichaetial
3 KB (284 words) - 19:04, 30 April 2021
epicalyces, and snail-shell-shaped rather than pear-shaped seeds (R. K. Rabeler 1981). Spergularia rubra (Linnaeus) J. Presl & C. Presl is also similar in aspect;
4 KB (365 words) - 23:10, 5 November 2020
unicostatum Müller Hal. & Kindberg was mentioned by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) as a synonym of C. chrysophyllum, but the type material belongs to Pseudocampylium
4 KB (384 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
and the Avalon Peninsula of Newfoundland (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981). See discussion under 8. C. polycarpon. None. None. window.propertiesFr
3 KB (275 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
Mammillaria Names. Botley. [Reprinted from Bradleya 1–5, 1983–1987.] Pilbeam, J. 1981. Mammillaria: A Collector’s Guide. London. Reppenhagen, W. 1989. Die Gattung
12 KB (758 words) - 22:58, 5 November 2020
Kayenta Navajo use it (var. wrightii) as an emetic, while M. L. Zigmond (1981) stated that the Kawaiisu used the pounded seeds (probably of var. subscaposum)
6 KB (591 words) - 18:09, 6 November 2020
function in the Typha community-type. Ecol. Monogr. 36: 297--325. Ramey, V. 1981. Typha--—not just another weed. Aquaphyte. Newsletter of the IPPC Aquatic
10 KB (1,218 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
1996), and anatomy (S. Carlquist 1975, 1977, 1982b; R. H. Eyde 1977, 1979, 1981, 1982; R. C. Keating 1982), as well as several published and unpublished
23 KB (1,468 words) - 17:46, 2 December 2022
not bulge. Grimmia sessitana appeared in H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson’s (1981) flora of eastern North America as G. tenerrima. E. Lawton (1971), who accepted
6 KB (648 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
experiments revealed at least some genetic component to the differences (C. N. Horn 1981). Plants are most extensive in their growth in alkaline waters (J. B. Moyle
7 KB (823 words) - 22:17, 5 November 2020
here only as a form (fide E. G. Voss 1966; G. E. Crow and C. B. Hellquist 1981). Sparganium emersum is easily confused with S. angustifolium, especially
6 KB (722 words) - 21:29, 5 November 2020
southern New Mexico and south central California. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) rejected all reports of G. ovalis from eastern North America. However, we
7 KB (783 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
variable and not even consistent in L. antillarum (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981, vol. 2). Also, plants from the coastal plain do not show the prorate cells
5 KB (591 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
also been used to separate these species; H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) rejected all reports of G. ovalis from eastern North America. However, we
6 KB (710 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
(but not in salt marshes) in New England (G. E. Crow and C. B. Hellquist 1981), mostly in the interior in British Columbia (T. C. Brayshaw 1985), and in
7 KB (758 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
Wolfgang ex Schultes & Schultes f.), has been described. Sastroutomo, S. S. 1981. Turion formation, dormancy and germination of curly pondweed, Potamogeton
6 KB (616 words) - 21:30, 5 November 2020
(Brazil, Venezuela). The citation for Georgia by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) may have been based on a specimen here redetermined as Hyophila involuta
2 KB (148 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
hybrid O. ×blakei also is described below. Brouillet, L. and J.-P. Simon. 1981. An ecogeographical analysis of the distribution of Aster acuminatus Michx
8 KB (637 words) - 21:00, 5 November 2020
1935); more recent authors have recognized only E. kamtschatica (T. V. Egorova 1981 and A. E. Kozhevnikov 1988, for the former U.S.S.R.; J. Ohwi 1965, for Japan;
7 KB (947 words) - 21:38, 5 November 2020
only 58 had actually been listed as endangered or threatened by 1981 (J.F. Fay 1981); the most recent summary of officially listed taxa (Fish and Wildlife
64 KB (9,846 words) - 23:16, 13 February 2019
have often been referred to as hydathodes (A. E. Orchard 1979; S. G. Aiken 1981), but they have been referred to also as enations, myriophyllin glands, pseudostipules
13 KB (1,074 words) - 23:38, 2 December 2022
R. Y. Berg 1975; D. C. Culver and Beattie 1978, 1980; Beattie and Culver 1981; G. Matlack 1994). Violets of horticultural importance include Viola arvensis
33 KB (2,273 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
include those by H. Robinson (1970), W. C. Steere (1938b) and Zander (1978d, 1981b, 1994k). The leaves of most species of Didymodon are yellow or orange in
20 KB (1,075 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
Appalachian element. It may be extirpated from Ohio. L. Brouillet and J.-P. Simon (1981) discussed its distribution and ecology. It is adapted to mesic forest environments
6 KB (612 words) - 21:00, 5 November 2020
suggested to be a variant of T. tortuosa by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981), who also stated that material cited as T. nitida by Haring was in fact
14 KB (1,244 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
arm. Nectaries are derived from secretory hairs on the hypanthium (S. Vogel 1981). The northern Mexican Cremastopus was distinguished by the production of
6 KB (559 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
from North America. The voucher for the 2n = 90 count by N. A. Harriman (1981) from southeastern Texas is a mixed collection of B. maritimus subsp. paludosus
7 KB (778 words) - 19:35, 6 November 2020
Citrullus Schrad.) Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 57: 31–41. Fursa, T. B. 1981. Intraspecific classification of water-melon under cultivation. Kulturpflanze
8 KB (895 words) - 23:22, 5 November 2020
common, as was its general use for diarrhea (Hedges; Voegelin). M. L. Zigmond (1981) reported that the Kawaiisu lined their acorn granaries with leaves of var
7 KB (683 words) - 11:24, 26 April 2023
may hybridize with other species in the Carolinas. See D. E. Schnell (1979, 1981) for further discussion of variants. C. R. Bell (1949), S. McDaniel (1971)
6 KB (656 words) - 18:18, 6 November 2020
intergradient. The South Carolina report was by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Dicranella"
4 KB (389 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
intergrade. Hybridization has been reported in Europe (S. W. T. Batra et al. 1981) and is suspected to occur in California. Hybrids between C. pycnocephalus
4 KB (474 words) - 20:52, 5 November 2020
naturalized in the flora. Ferren, W. R. Jr., J. E. Bleck, and N. J. Vivrette. 1981. Malephora crocea (Aizoaceae) naturalized in California. Madroño 28: 80–85
4 KB (334 words) - 22:57, 5 November 2020
Illinois, and Kansas; it may occur also in adjacent states (P. Shildneck et al. 1981). Although separable by the characters given in the key, R. cristatus sometimes
4 KB (401 words) - 23:07, 5 November 2020
its aneuploid-polyploid karyology (T. W. J. Gadella and L. van Raamsdonk 1981; L. van Raamsdonk 1984). The flowers are noteworthy for their regularity
4 KB (409 words) - 22:16, 5 November 2020
also have bistratose patches on the lamina. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) considered this species to be absent from eastern North America. None. None
4 KB (478 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
F. pallidinervis (see discussion under 26). H. A. Crum and L.E. Anderson (1981) commented on a collection that was possibly made in Lafayette, Wisconsin
4 KB (383 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
Torrey). Phytologia 54: 309–324. Roundy, B. A., J. A. Young, and R. A. Evans. 1981. Phenology of salt rabbit brush (Chrysothamnus nauseosus ssp. consimilis)
5 KB (543 words) - 23:00, 5 November 2020
from North America in 1880 on ballast in New Jersey (R. C. Rollins 1961, 1981, 1993; I. A. Al-Shehbaz 1985); it was first reported from North Carolina
4 KB (364 words) - 23:35, 5 November 2020
recognizing S. nevii and S. glaucophyllum as separate species (P. J. Calie 1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Sedum"
3 KB (307 words) - 23:43, 5 November 2020
lamellae, but a different capsule shape (see H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981). The capsule of Polytrichum xanthopilum has a broad annular constriction
3 KB (355 words) - 22:24, 5 November 2020
Small 1933; R. W. Long and O. Lakela 1971; R. K. Godfrey and J. W. Wooten 1981). There are no known specimens from either of the Carolinas; the locality
3 KB (346 words) - 11:32, 9 May 2022
1965; G. E. Crow and C. B. Hellquist 2000; R. K. Godfrey and J. W. Wooten 1981; B. P. G. Hochreutiner 1900; T. H. Kearney 1955b; J. K. Small 1933), which
5 KB (534 words) - 23:21, 5 November 2020
additional information on variation in S. prunifolia. M. De Cleene and J. De Ley (1981) noted that S. prunifolia and S. ×vanhouttei (see discussion below) are hosts
4 KB (428 words) - 23:58, 5 November 2020
angiosperms, are arranged according to the classification system of A. Cronquist (1981). Bryophytes will be covered in volumes 27 – 29. Volume 30 will contain the
7 KB (1,114 words) - 17:55, 26 July 2019
but he did not examine the postulated parents. M. De Cleene and J. De Ley (1981) attempted to define the host range of infectious hairy-root (Agrobacterium
4 KB (428 words) - 15:09, 30 November 2021
Cytological Aspects of the Vascular Plants. Ottawa. Löve, Á. and D. Löve. 1981. In: IOPB chromosome number reports LXXII. Taxon 30: 694--708. Larson, G
5 KB (470 words) - 14:57, 14 March 2024
partially buried in loose substrate, B. D. Parfitt and M. L. Butterwick (1981) suggested that subsp. occidentalis might be capable of producing cleistogamous
6 KB (447 words) - 20:37, 5 November 2020
or more species, centered in the Himalayas (B. K. Dikshit and G. Panigrahi 1981; Li C. L. et al. 2003). This broad circumscription is not supported by molecular
6 KB (656 words) - 23:57, 5 November 2020
agricultural weed has a large host range. L. J. Musselman and K. C. Nixon (1981) documented plants within a single population in Texas attached to the roots
6 KB (763 words) - 20:37, 5 November 2020
position first suggested based on morphologic evidence (K. D. Heil et al. 1981; C. Glass and R. A. Foster 1984). None. None. window.propertiesFromHighe
4 KB (403 words) - 22:58, 5 November 2020
Nelson 1992); it is native to the lowlands of South America (A. E. Orchard 1981). It has an unusual habit among North American species of Myriophyllum, where
5 KB (508 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
morphological and cytological differences were considered by Crum and Anderson (1981) to be insufficient to warrant separation. None. None. window.properties
6 KB (697 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
interrupted rather than continuous band of blade sclerenchyma. Frederiksen (1981) reported that F. vivipara occurs in southeastern Greenland, overlapping
5 KB (508 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
native Atlantic coastal plain and interior continental range. S. G. Aiken (1981) suggested that Myriophyllum heterophyllum produces turions; we have seen
5 KB (558 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
Müller Hal., an illegitimate homonym according to M. F. V. Corley et al. (1981). Synonyms of this European species have been applied to specimens of W.
13 KB (1,221 words) - 20:12, 19 May 2021
Cnestrum with Cynodontium seems to follow H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981), whose decision apparently was based on an incomplete understanding of Cynodontium
13 KB (1,330 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
that of the previous revision of the complex (D. G. Huttleston 1949, 1953, 1981), except for A. triphyllum subsp. quinatum (Nuttall) Huttleston, which is
9 KB (840 words) - 16:44, 18 June 2023
1924, CANM). The specimen is indeed that, but H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) questioned the report, suggesting a confusion of specimens by Moxley (as
7 KB (835 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
it has backcrossed to W. muehlenbergiana. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) gave a clear summary of the problem. Species previously placed in Astomum
4 KB (402 words) - 20:20, 19 May 2021
Appalachian plants are not autoicous as reported by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981); perhaps galls, seen in some specimens, were mistaken for perigonia. The
4 KB (358 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
Colo., Fla., La., Tex., Mexico (Tamaulipas). Jackson, R. C. and C. T. Dimas. 1981. Experimental evidence for systematic placement of the Haplopappus phyllocephalus
3 KB (259 words) - 20:58, 5 November 2020
T. japonica Siebold & Zuccarini, were most recently regarded (T. Shimizu 1981; M. Tamura 1991) as conspecific with the North American populations [as T
4 KB (363 words) - 20:09, 7 December 2022
nomenclature of W. brachycarpa is intricate; see discussions by M. O. Hill (1981) and T. J. Koponen et al. (1977). None. None. window.propertiesFromHighe
4 KB (421 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
(D. A. Rayner et al. 1979), and New Jersey (D. B. Snyder and V. E. Vivian 1981), and it has been extirpated from Delaware (A. O. Tucker et al. 1979). None
3 KB (203 words) - 22:15, 5 November 2020
first reported for North America from British Columbia by B. C. Tan et al. (1981), then from Massachusetts by B. D. Mishler and N. G. Miller (1983), apparently
3 KB (325 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
difficult; they seem to form a syngameon of poorly resolved semispecies (V. Grant 1981; S. J. Brunsfeld et al. 1991). These taxa are not only highly variable, but
16 KB (1,385 words) - 23:33, 5 November 2020
Bernabo and T.WebbIII 1977; P.J.H. Richard 1977; H.E. Wright Jr. 1981; M.B. Davis 1976, 1981, 1983; W.A. Watts 1983; V.M. Bryant Jr. and R.G. Holloway 1985;
69 KB (11,092 words) - 18:00, 13 February 2019
al. 1968; R. G. Brown and M. L. Brown 1972; R. K. Godfrey and J. W. Wooten 1981; E. G. Voss 1972–1996, vol. 2; Great Plains Flora Association 1986; Godfrey
28 KB (2,139 words) - 22:34, 14 December 2021
classification, especially that proposed by Cronquist and adopted here (A.Cronquist 1981, 1988). Rather, the state of our knowledge regarding the circumscriptions
19 KB (2,758 words) - 01:13, 14 February 2019
Pleuridium acuminatum is n = 26 (V. S. Bryan 1956; H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981). The species is characterized by (1) the paroicous sexual condition and
5 KB (543 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
Pleuridium subulatum is n = 13 (V. S. Bryan 1956; H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981; A. J. E. Smith and M. E. Newton 1968). It and P. acuminatum are morphologically
4 KB (422 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
Eurasia. A. J. Grout (1928–1940, vol. 3) and H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) expressed some doubts on the status of Brachythecium campestre and its clear
5 KB (535 words) - 22:37, 5 November 2020
long-leaved were referred to B. biventrosum. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) found transitions between those extremes and synonymized the taxa with B
6 KB (597 words) - 22:37, 5 November 2020
separating difficult specimens of Finnish plants. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) expressed doubt as to whether the two are genetically different. Both D
5 KB (677 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
to be distinct on this continent. However, H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) and other North American bryologists have synonymized the species with D
5 KB (704 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
carnosa was accepted as a variety by C. F. Reed (1970) and K. R. Robertson (1981). We follow I. M. Johnston in recognizing it as a species. Tidestromia carnosa
4 KB (415 words) - 23:01, 5 November 2020
Pleuridium ravenelii is n = 13 (North Carolina, H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981). The species is characterized by (1) plicate leaf lamina (most easily observed
5 KB (627 words) - 22:27, 5 November 2020
smooth walls that can be slightly bulging. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) illustrated the major expressions found in the flora area. Axillary, multicellular
6 KB (566 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
(1928–1940, vol. 3), H. S. Conard (1959), and H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Leptodictyum"
6 KB (486 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
emergent because of fluctuating water levels (H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981; P. G. Davison and D. E. Wujek 1999). Plants of both species are usually
5 KB (544 words) - 22:26, 5 November 2020
eplicate form of B. salebrosum (for example, H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson 1981). This conclusion may have been based on the fact that sometimes, especially
4 KB (467 words) - 22:37, 5 November 2020
Zealand), Australia. Species ca. 85 (32 species in the flora). Shaw, A. J. 1981b. A taxonomic revision of the propaguliferous species of Pohlia Hedw. (Musci)
12 KB (577 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
have emerged (R. L. Smith and K. J. Sytsma 1990). When A. Cronquist (1968, 1981) formulated the classification used in much of this flora, treating Salicaceae
29 KB (2,619 words) - 23:31, 5 November 2020
been described by J.T. Gray and W.H. Schlesinger (1981), H.A. Mooney (1988), and W.E. Westman (1981, 1983). This forest has been called the most luxuriant
133 KB (20,036 words) - 18:33, 13 February 2019
included W. andrewsii, and, agreeing with H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981), pointed out the great variation in peristome development including occurrence
5 KB (407 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
includes R. subpinnatus. T. J. Koponen (1971) and H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) have provided contrasting opinions and worthwhile discussion on the species
4 KB (392 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
M. oligosperma have overlapping ranges, H. J. Thompson and A. M. Powell (1981) reported that the former was found at elevations usually below 1100 meters
4 KB (401 words) - 20:16, 5 November 2020
relatively little to 459 pounds in 1980. A rapid increase in size began in 1981, with the champion at 493.5 pounds; from this individual’s lineage came seeds
4 KB (443 words) - 23:23, 5 November 2020
have the appearance of longitudinal ridges. H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) pointed out that the antheridia are borne naked in axillary clusters, but
4 KB (368 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
coloration, and apex morphology. This prompted H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) to consider them varieties of Mnium punctatum (as vars. appalachianum and
4 KB (448 words) - 22:35, 5 November 2020
unstable, sometimes varying along a single stem; H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) agreed that this name refers to no more than a form of O. hians. Eurhynchium
4 KB (425 words) - 22:37, 5 November 2020
and eaten dry by the Kawaiisu people of southern California (M. L. Zigmond 1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"subgenus","name":"Eriogonum
5 KB (444 words) - 23:14, 5 November 2020
published by G. R. Brassard (1971), P. M. Eckel et al. (1996), B. C. Tan et al. (1981), and R. H. Zander (1979). It has been collected as subfossil in the Yukon
4 KB (442 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
of this uncommon species were discussed by H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981), P. M. Eckel (1987), and C. Williams (1966b). Essentially, Tortula modica
3 KB (330 words) - 22:28, 5 November 2020
by recent authors (e.g., A. Cronquist 1980; R. K. Godfrey and J. W. Wooten 1981; R. P. Wunderlin et al. 1996). Although plants similar to the type can be
5 KB (367 words) - 20:56, 5 November 2020
evaluation of corresponding taxa. Vegetatio 5--6: 212--224. Löve, Á. and D. Löve. 1981. Pp. 699--701. In: Á. Löve. IOPB Cchromosome number reports LXXII. Taxon
5 KB (464 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
ovate-deltate lobes broadest at the base (for example, R. K. Godfrey and J. W. Wooten 1981). The range of C. grandifolia is described as Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi
4 KB (387 words) - 23:23, 5 November 2020
Legacy Map Ark., La., Okla., Tex. F. S. Crosswhite and C. D. Crosswhite (1981) hypothesized that Penstemon murrayanus was derived from P. grandiflorus
4 KB (342 words) - 20:31, 5 November 2020
records—like the two records of L. regale E. H. Wilson from Alabama (R. Kral 1981)—represent the next species. Lilium philippinense Baker (Philippine lily;
28 KB (2,698 words) - 22:14, 5 November 2020
treatment were confirmed to represent M. hippuroides as noted by S. G. Aiken (1981). Fernald recognized vars. intermedium, pectinatum Wallroth, and pinnatifidum
6 KB (778 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
colder climates and is rarely found south of the 0°C January isotherm (Aiken 1981). Myriophyllum sibiricum is distinctive when growing with low leaf segment
7 KB (819 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
drought. It is used medicinally throughout much of the Caribbean (E. S. Ayensu 1981b). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Bontia"
3 KB (245 words) - 20:31, 5 November 2020
Organization and descriptive terminology. Bot. Not. 129: 39--48. Andersson, L. 1981a. The neotropical genera of Marantaceae. Circumscription and relationships
8 KB (979 words) - 21:29, 5 November 2020
Festuca brevissima Jurtz. in Alaska. Bot. Not. 131:409-410 Frederiksen, S. 1981. Festuca vivipara (Poaceae) in the North Atlantic a-ea. Nordic J. Bot. 1:277-292
45 KB (2,833 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
was a historically recent, probably accidental, introduction (L. Andersson 1981b). The variation in pubescence and bract size within the American continent
4 KB (440 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
al. 1983; J. B. Grace and J. S. Harrison 1986; J. F. Morton 1975; V. Ramey 1981; J. W. Thieret and J. O. Luken 1996). Leaves are used for dwellings (walls
14 KB (1,504 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
C. D. Adams 1972; C. A. Luer 1972; R. L. Dressler 1993; H. Bechtel et al. 1981; A. Gloudon and C. Tobisch 1995) even though several earlier names were well
8 KB (907 words) - 22:13, 5 November 2020
view (see e.g., K. H. Rechinger 1937, 1949; J. E. Lousley and D. H. Kent 1981; N. N. Tzvelev 1989b), all North American native taxa of subsect. Maritimi
7 KB (810 words) - 23:07, 5 November 2020
northeastern portion of the range of the complex has been reported (P. M. Catling 1981, 1982), but the difficulty in distinguishing between diploid donors and tetraploid
8 KB (884 words) - 22:11, 5 November 2020
stems of Eriogonum inflatum (S. A. Weber and P. D. Seaman 1985; M. L. Zigmond 1981). The hollow stems were used as drinking tubes (Weber and Seaman) and pipes
6 KB (624 words) - 23:13, 5 November 2020
butterfly (Euphilotes pallescens pallescens). According to M. L. Zigmond (1981), the Kawaiisu pounded the seeds into a powder and made a mush. Given the
5 KB (525 words) - 23:12, 5 November 2020
A. Weber & R. C. Wittmann B-112127, COLO). H. A. Crum and L. E. Anderson (1981) noticed that, unlike in Europe, this species does not grow on tree trunks
5 KB (489 words) - 22:37, 5 November 2020
pounded into a powder and cooked into a mush or consumed dry (M. L. Zigmond 1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"subgenus","name":"Eriogonum
5 KB (504 words) - 23:20, 25 January 2024
and used as a beverage or eaten raw by the Kawaiisu people (M. L. Zigmond 1981). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"subgenus","name":"Eriogonum
4 KB (455 words) - 23:14, 5 November 2020
of this species was discussed by L. Brouillet and J.-P. Simon (1979, 1980, 1981). D. E. Moerman (1998) reported that the Chippewa used a decoction of the
5 KB (534 words) - 21:00, 5 November 2020
1970; L. M. Hill and O. M. Rogers 1970, 1973; L. Brouillet and J.-P. Simon 1981), and isozyme data (Brouillet and Simon 1980). Hybrid populations also often
4 KB (442 words) - 21:00, 5 November 2020
extending south in subtropical and tropical habitats to Argentina. Scholz (1981) recognized 11 subspecies and two forms within the species, but they overlap
4 KB (385 words) - 18:55, 11 May 2021
known by the synonym H. simulans Rose. J. M. Gillett and N. K. B. Robson (1981) treated the dwarf alpine form of Hypericum scouleri as subsp. nortoniae
5 KB (498 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
Ohio, Okla., S.C., S.Dak., Vt., Wis., Wyo. L. Brouillet and J. C. Semple (1981) summarized the morphologic, chemical, cytological, and hybridization data
6 KB (582 words) - 20:33, 6 November 2020