Buxus sempervirens C Calyptranthes Calyptranthes pallens Calyptranthes zuzygium Camissonia Camissonia benitensis Camissonia campestris C cont. Camissonia
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warei C Carex Carex aboriginum Carex abrupta Carex abscondita Carex acidicola Carex acutiformis Carex adelostoma Carex adusta Carex aestivalis C cont.
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Blepharizonia plumosa Borrichia arborescens Bradburia pilosa Brintonia discoidea C Calycadenia mollis Calycadenia multiglandulosa Calyptocarpus vialis Carlquistia
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C Carex aboriginum Carex abrupta Carex abscondita Carex acidicola Carex acutiformis Carex adelostoma Carex adusta Carex aestivalis Carex aggregata Carex
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Campbell, C. S., C. W. Greene, and T. A. Dickinson. 1991. Reproductive biology in subfam. Maloideae (Rosaceae). Syst. Bot. 16: 333–349. Campbell, C. S. et
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L. Wagner & Hoch Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 41. 2007. Warren L. Wagner, Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Leaves: stipules present or absent
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Sargent, C. immanis Ashe, C. lecta Sargent, C. littoralis Sargent, C. menandiana Sargent, C. mercerensis Sargent, C. pilosa Sargent, C. pinguis Sargent, C
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whorled in Cardamine angustata, C. concatenata, and C. diphylla and in Lunaria annua; sometimes subopposite in C. dissecta and C. maxima and in Draba ogilviensis)
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Brachypodium sylvaticum C Celtica gigantea Cenchrus biflorus Cenchrus brownii Cenchrus echinatus Cenchrus gracillimus Cenchrus longispinus C cont. Cenchrus myosuroides
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area. Albach, D. C. et al. 2004. Evolution of Veroniceae: A phylogenetic perspective. Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 91: 275–302. Albach, D. C. et al. 2004b. A
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Taraxia, Tetrapteron Dumortier Fl. Belg., 89. 1827. Warren L. Wagner, Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs (annual or perennial), [shrubs]
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Polygonaceae subfam. Eriogonoideae, Polygonaceae subfam. Polygonoideae Jussieu Craig C. Freeman, James L. Reveal Common names: Buckwheat Family Treatment appears
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comprehensive review of the economic importance of Cyperaceae, see D. A. Simpson and C. A. Inglis (2001). Bruhl, J. 1995. Sedge genera of the world: Relationships
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Soderstrom, K.W. Hilu, C.S. Campbell, and M.E. Barkworth (eds.) Grass Systematics and Evolution. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 473 pp
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more or less straight to slightly curved (hooked in C. chlorotica, C. exserta, C. mexicana, and C. sessiliflora) and never hooded, with the opening directed
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recognized families (Malvaceae in the narrow sense) forms a monophyletic group (C. Bayer et al. 1999; W. S. Alverson et al. 1999) and the monophyly of an expanded
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molecular and anatomical evidence (M. F. Fay and M. W. Chase 1996; J. C. Pires 2000; J. C. Pires et al. 2001). The Liliaceae include numerous important ornamentals
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been documented to include four species, Ceanothus cuneatus, C. divergens, C. gloriosus, and C. sonomensis (J. T. Howell 1940; M. A. Nobs 1963). The widespread
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Genera 6, species 91 or 92 (6 genera, 70 species in the flora). Hileman, L. C., M. C. Vasey, and V. T. Parker. 2001. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Arbutoideae
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Pedicularis, Rhinanthus, Schwalbea, Seymeria, Striga, Triphysaria Ventenat Craig C. Freeman, Richard K. Rabeler, Wayne J. Elisens Common names: Broomrape Family
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Cyperus thyrsiflorus Gordon C. Tucker*, Brian G. Marcks*, J. Richard Carter * Synonyms: Undefined subg. Chlorocyperus (Vahl) C. B. Clarke Cyperus subg. Mariscus Willdenow
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Petiolati, Penstemon sect. Saccanthera, Penstemon sect. Spectabiles Craig C. Freeman Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 92. Mentioned
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Harder 2001; M. C. Castellanos et al. 2004, 2006), pollination ecology and pollination syndromes (Straw 1963; F. S. Crosswhite and C. D. Crosswhite 1966;
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first year and not persist (C. bebbii, C. crawfordii, C. sychnocephala, C. viridula, and no doubt others). A few species, such as C. adusta, are short-lived
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rarely short, indehiscent and nutlike (C. heterandra); sessile or pedicellate. Seeds usually numerous, rarely (C. heterandra) 1 or 2, usually angled, cubic
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rusbyi Brickelliastrum fendleri Buddleja marrubiifolia Buddleja scordioides C Callirhoë involucrata var. involucrata Callirhoë leiocarpa Capraria biflora
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Thyrsiflorae, Solidago subsect. Triplinerviae, Solidago subsect. Venosae John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page
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labiatus (Swartz) Kuntze was reported by C. A. Luer (1972) to be naturalized in Florida based on second-hand evidence (C. McCartney 1997). The purported occurrence
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Robinson, and C. Jeffrey, eds. 1990. Biology and Utilization of the Cucurbitaceae. Ithaca, N.Y. Heiser, C. B. 1979. The Gourd Book. Norman. Jeffrey, C. 1962.
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University of Georgia. Muller, C. H. 1951. The oaks of Texas. Contr. Texas Res. Found., Bot. Stud. 1: 21-323. Muller, C. H. 1961. The live oaks of the
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setiform scales (longer bristles shorter than corollas except in C. foliosum and C. arvense). x = 17. North America, Eurasia, n Africa. Species ca. 200
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Atriplex subsect. Truncatae, Atriplex subsect. Wolfianae (Gaertner) C. A. Meyer in C. F. von Ledebour, Fl. Altaic. 4: 315. 1833. Stanley L. Welsh Basionym:
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(red-tipped in C. glomeratum and C. pumilum, often violet-tipped in C. alpinum, purple in C. bialynickii, turning pale orange-brown in fruit in C. texanum)
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include: self-incompatible (C. brevipes, C. claviformis, C. multijuga, C. munzii, and probably C. confertiflora, C. eastwoodiae, and C. parryi; P. H. Raven 1962
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subfam. Aristidoideae tribePoaceae tribe Aristideae Show Lower Taxa Aristida C.E. Hubb. Kelly W. Allred Treatment appears in FNA Volume 25. Treatment on page
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Arbor. 50: 566–598. Carolin, R. C. 1987. A review of the family Portulacaceae. Austral. J. Bot. 35: 383–412. Carolin, R. C. 1993. Portulacaceae. In: K. Kubitzki
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The interserial hybrids Crataegus persimilis and C. ×sicca key out at couplets 16 and 20, respectively; C. turnerorum keys out in part at couplets 18 and
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Joinvilleaceae Toml. & A.C. Sm., Ecdeiocoleaceae D.F. Cutler &c& Airy Shaw, Restionaceae R. Br., Centrolepidaceae Endl., Anarthriaceae D.E Cutler &c& Airy Shaw, and
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evergreen. Branchlets not thorn-tipped. Leaves opposite (alternate in C. megacarpus and C. verrucosus); stipules persistent, thick, wartlike; blade leathery
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varieties is avoided in this account, and four species (C. blaisdellii, C. holmgrenii, C. nymanii, C. umbellata) are added to the flora. Cardamine corymbosa
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Glossostigma, Mimetanthe, Mimulus, Phryma Schauer Richard K. Rabeler, Craig C. Freeman, Wayne J. Elisens Common names: Monkeyflower Family Treatment appears
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segments (4–)5; stamens usually 5. Seeds all horizontal (rarely some vertical in C. urbicum). Worldwide. Species 100+ (26 in the flora). None. Chenopodium sect
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by L. E. Watson et al. (2000) and syntheses by K. Bremer and C. J. Humphries (1993) and by C. Oberprieler et al. (unpubl.) have resulted in changes in circumscriptions
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Ludwigioideae, Onagraceae subfam. Onagroideae Jussieu Warren L. Wagner, Peter C. Hoch Common names: Evening Primrose Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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shorter and pale pink or cream, rarely sterile (C. heterandra); ovary 4- or 8-grooved or ribbed, or smooth (C. heterandra). Capsules narrowly cylindrical or
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Newport News, Virginia (C. F. Reed 1964), but does not appear to have persisted there. Croton bonplandianus would also key with C. glandulosus but differs
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Brachyelytrum aristosum Brachyelytrum erectum Briza maxima Briza media Briza minor C Catabrosa aquatica Cinna arundinacea Cinna bolanderi Cinna latifolia Corynephorus
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reflectance distally; some subspecies of C. claviformis have white petals; three species (C. atwoodii, C. heterochroma, and C. megalantha) have lavender or purple
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include C. inequalis S. Stokes, C. turbinata Wiggins, C. mutabilis Brandegee, C. rosulenta Reveal, C. pulchella Brandegee, C. flava Brandegee, and C. interposita
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of Rhododendroideae. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 30: 533–625. Hebda, R. J. and C. C. Chinnappa. 1980. Cytological evidence for generic limits in tribe Cladothamneae
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Solidago Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 878. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 374. 1754. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Common names: Goldenrod Etymology: Latin solidus, whole
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Agrostis tolucensis Agrostis variabilis Agrostis vinealis B Bromidium tandilense C Coleanthus subtilis Cynosurus cristatus Cynosurus echinatus H Hygroryza aristata
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Comstock’s hairstreak (C. comstocki), bramble hairstreak (C. dumetorum), Lembert’s hairstreak (C. lemberti), Sheridan’s green hairstreak (C. sheridani), green
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Lower Taxa Castanea, Chrysolepis, Fagus, Lithocarpus, Quercus Dumortier Kevin C. Nixon Common names: Beech Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Treatment
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on ETS and ITS nrDNA sequence data. Amer. J. Bot. 90: 634–649. Xiang, C. and J. C. Semple. 1996. Molecular systematic study of Aster sensu lato and related
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species in the flora). Argue, C. L. 1974. Pollen studies in the Alismataceae (Alismaceae). Bot. Gaz. 135: 338--344. Argue, C. L. 1976. Pollen studies in
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here are: Ceanothus buxifolius Willdenow ex Schultes f., C. caeruleus, C. depressus Bentham, and C. ochraceus Suessenguth; all are native to Mexico and Central
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ophitidis, C. foliosa, C. muiriana, and C. bolanderi (California); C. breweri (California and Oregon); and C. cainii (North Carolina and Tennessee). An incomplete
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chromosome numbers of 2n = 82–86. Members of the C. stricta group (C. schottii, C. senta, C. nudata, and C. angustata) are moderately robust plants with hypostomatous
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familyAspleniaceae Show Lower Taxa Asplenium Newman Warren H. Wagner Jr., Robbin C. Moran, Charles R. Werth Common names: Spleenwort Family Treatment appears
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Arnott M. Napier, Encycl. Brit. ed. 7 5: 118. 1832. (as Vaccinieae) Gordon C. Tucker Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 496. Mentioned
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sect. Occidentales, Symphyotrichum sect. Symphyotrichum Luc Brouillet, John C. Semple, Geraldine A. Allen, Kenton L. Chambers, Scott D. Sundberg† Treatment
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Lophiris (Tausch) Spach Ann. Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3, 5: 99. 1846. Norlan C. Henderson Common names: Beardless iris Basionym: Iris sect. Limniris Tausch
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Pityopsis (Compositae–Astereae). Canad. J. Bot. 58: 147–163. Semple, J. C., C. Leeder, C. Leuty, and L. Gray. 1988. Heterotheca sect. Ammodia (Compositae: Astereae):
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Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 1051 pp. Hitchcock, C.L. 1969. Gramineae. Pp. 384-725 in C.L. Hitchcock, A. Cronquist, and M. Ownbey
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26: 1–74. Tucker, G. C. 1983. The taxonomy of Cyperus (Cyperaceae) in Costa Rica and Panama. Syst. Bot. Mongr. 2: 1–85. Tucker, G. C. and R. McVaugh. 1993
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L. Wagner & Hoch Syst. Bot. Monogr. 83: 41. 2007. Warren L. Wagner, Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Leaves: stipules present. Flowers:
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Polygonella, Polygonum, Rheum, Rumex Eaton Bot. Dict. ed. 4, 30. 1836. Craig C. Freeman Common names: Knotweed Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment
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series of “ray” florets) derived from Coreopsis auriculata, C. grandiflora, C. lanceolata, and C. tinctoria are grown in public and residential gardens and
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usually bear rudimentary anthers and clearly represent staminodes. Brayshaw, T. C. 1989. Buttercups, Waterlilies, and Their Relatives (the Order Ranales) in
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Allium. In: C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest. 5 vols. Seattle. Vol. 1, pp. 739–760. Peterson, P. M., C. R. Annable
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red-fruited species (C. franchetii, C. lacteus, C. pannosus, and C. simonsii) are weedy on the Pacific coast (J. M. Randall and J. Marinelli 1996; C. C. Bossard et
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undulatum, Symphyotrichum urophyllum, Symphyotrichum welshii Luc Brouillet, John C. Semple, Geraldine A. Allen, Kenton L. Chambers, Scott D. Sundberg† Treatment
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embryo development, betalain pigments, and P-type form (c) sieve-element plastids. Carolin, R. C. 1983. The trichomes of the Chenopodiaceae and Amaranthaceae
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caudices, sometimes with multiple forms on single individuals (e.g., C. umbellata and C. tuberosa); aerial stems erect or decumbent; nodes glabrous. Leaves
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branched. Leaves basal and/or cauline (smaller and sparser distally except in C. cusickii); alternate; usually petiolate; blades deltate, elliptic, linear
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Tripetalae, Iris (sect. Limniris) ser. Vernae Tausch Hort. Canal. 1. 1823. Norlan C. Henderson Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Rhizomes usually homogeneous
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rarely ± spreading (in dwarf taxa and C. exilis), ± strongly flexuous (slightly so in 140. C. teres and 150. C. exilis); twigs: new growth usually pubescent
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County (C. H. Knowlton and W. Deane 1924). Knowlton and Deane made no mention of C. bovina. According to J. Dostál (1976), C. bovina differs from C. diffusa
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America. Tucson. Hodgson, W. C. 1999. Vascular plants of Arizona: Agavaceae. J. Arizona-Nevada Acad. Sci. 32: 1–21. Hodgson, W. C. 2001. Food Plants of the
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Chamaenerion, Epilobium Endlicher Fl. Poson., 366. 1830. Warren L. Wagner, Peter C. Hoch Synonyms: Epilobioideae alph. Wood Boisduvaliinae raimann Epilobiinae
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nuclear and chloroplast genomes. Syst. Bot. 25: 738–750. Reed, C. F. 1969. Nyctaginaceae. In: C. L. Lundell. 1942–1969. Flora of Texas. 3 vols. in parts. Dallas
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Ericaceae subfam. Monotropoideae, Ericaceae subfam. Vaccinioideae Jussieu Gordon C. Tucker Common names: Heath Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment
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require further study, including the Carex umbellata-C. tonsa, the C. deflexa-C. rossii, and the C. geophila-C. pityophila groups. Range extensions and morphologically
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Limosella, Myoporum, Scrophularia, Verbascum Jussieu Richard K. Rabeler, Craig C. Freeman, Wayne J. Elisens Common names: Figwort Family Treatment appears in
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States National Museum in Washington, D.C. Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. 26: 31–64, 119–160. Bassett, I. J. and C. W. Crompton. 1982. The genus Chenopodium
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Opuntioideae, Cactaceae subfam. Pereskioideae Jussieu Bruce D. Parfitt, Arthur C. Gibson Common names: Cactus Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment
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several (C. benitensis, C. campestris, C. integrifolia, C. lacustris, and C. sierrae) have more or less restricted ranges within California, or (C. strigulosa)
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(hooked in C. robustispina), terete, 4–55 mm. Flowers diurnal (sometimes ± vespertine in C. tuberculosa), borne at or near stem apex (lateral in C. recurvata)
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construct major subgeneric groups (C. Steven 1823; G. Bentham 1835; C. J. Maximowicz 1888; D. Prain 1890; G. Bonati 1918; Tsoong P. C. 1955); the latter author
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bigelovii Blepharidachne kingii Blepharoneuron tricholepis Buchloë dactyloides C Crypsis alopecuroides Crypsis schoenoides Crypsis vaginiflora Ctenium aromaticum
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filaments slender, usually pubescent (except C. pitcheri var. dictyota), connectives often ± prolonged (especially in C. pitcheri); staminodes absent. Achenes
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seslerioides, Cyperus surinamensis, Cyperus virens C. B. Clarke in J. D. Hooker, Fl. Brit. India 6: 597. 1893. Gordon C. Tucker*, Brian G. Marcks*, J. Richard Carter
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3–7(–16 in C. obispoensis) spikes; proximal nonbasal bracts leaflike, except in C. castanea, sheaths usually longer than 5 mm, except in C. castanea, C. misera
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ursopedensis. The first group comprises the C. chrysocarpa complex, the second, C. margarettae and C. dodgei. Members of the C. chrysocarpa complex have relatively
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serratodens, Carex specuicola, Carex stevenii, Carex stylosa G. Don in J. C. Loudon, Hort. Brit., 376. 1830. David F. Murray Synonyms: Carex sect. Atratae (Heuffel)
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familyPotamogetonaceae Show Lower Taxa Potamogeton, Stuckenia Dumortier Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Pondweed Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Cylindropuntia ×kelvinensis, Cylindropuntia ×tetracantha (Engelmann) F. M. Knuth in C. Backeberg and F. M. Knuth, Kaktus-ABC, 410. 1935. Donald J. Pinkava Common
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Classification of the genus and identification of specimens remains difficult. C. K. Schneider (1919b) stated, “In determining willows one is only too often
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Subfamilies and Tribes of Rosaceae Kalkman, C. 1988. The phylogeny of the Rosaceae. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 98: 37–59. Kalkman, C. 2004. Rosaceae. In: K. Kubitzki et
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and dysploid derivatives. Conn., N.H., R.I., N.C., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Ala., Fla., W.Va., Mich., Del., D.C, Wis., Iowa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Colo.,
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Nesom Phytologia 75: 9. 1993. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Basionym: Solidago (sect. Undefined) ser. Venosae G. Don in J. C. Loudon, Hort. Brit., 348. 1830
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Oxystylis, Peritoma, Polanisia, Tarenaya, Wislizenia Berchtold & J. Presl Gordon C. Tucker, Staria S. Vanderpool Common names: Spiderflower Family Treatment appears
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(Fischer & C. A. Meyer) P. H. Raven Brittonia 16: 287. 1964. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Basionym: Oenothera sect. Rhodanthos Fischer & C. A. Meyer Index
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Island, Baja California. Atriplex nitens Schkuhr, Bot. Handb. 3: 541. 1803 P. C. Standley (1916) reported this species in New York, New Jersey, South Dakota
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phylogenetic hypothesis for Chrysopsis. Phytologia 71: 109–121. Semple, J. C. and C. C. Chinnappa. 1980. Phylogenetic implications of meiosis in wild and cultivated
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petiole present on proximals, absent on distals; blade not fleshy (fleshy in C. callosa), not leathery, margins entire, sometimes toothed. Inflorescences
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Castanea ozarkensis, Castanea pumila Miller Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4. 1754. Kevin C. Nixon Common names: Chestnut châtaignier Etymology: Classical Latin, from
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variation. In: R. C. H. J. van Ham. 1994. Phylogenetic Implications of Chloroplast DNA Variation in the Crassulaceae. Utrecht. Pp. 81–103. Ham, R. C. H. J. van
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well-resolved phylogeny of the genus is needed. Clements, R. K., J. M. Baskin, and C. C. Baskin. 1998. The comparative biology of the two closely-related species
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species, C. pringlei and C. wrightii belong to the latter group, and C. arizonica is the sole representative of subgenus Othonoloma Link ex C. Christensen
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Marino, P. C. 1988. The North American distribution of the circumboreal species of Splachnum and Tetraplodon. Bryologist 91: 161–166. Marino, P. C. 1997. Competition
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419–421. Rollins, R. C. and E. A Shaw. 1973. The Genus Lesquerella (Cruciferae) in North America. Cambridge, Mass. Rollins, R. C. and U. C. Banerjee. 1975.
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131–149. Foster, R. C. 1937. A cytotaxonomic survey of the North American species of Iris. Contr. Gray Herb. 119: 3–79. Henderson, N. C. 1991. Iris ×pacifica
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namely Chorizanthe interposita Goodman of central Baja California, Mexico. C. D. Hardham (1989) reported a range of gametic numbers from single individuals
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1975; W. A. Robinson 1982; E. G. Voss 1972–1996, vol. 2; C. S. Campbell and W. A. Wright 1996; A. C. Dibble et al. 1998; A. Haines and T. F. Vining 1998;
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205–220. Standley, P. C. 1917. The Chenopodiaceae of the North American flora. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 44: 411–429. Standley, P. C. 1926. Chenopodiaceae
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proposed (G. C. Tucker 1986). Recent molecular work, combined with a review of morphology, indicates a sister relationship with Malpighiaceae (C. C. Davis and
3 KB (249 words) - 20:18, 5 November 2020
none is in general cultivation. C. H. Uhl has studied nearly 400 collections of Dudleya, including all known species (C. H. Uhl and R. V. Moran 1953). All
10 KB (1,162 words) - 23:43, 5 November 2020
Chaenactis macrantha, C. cusickii, and C. nevii appear to form occasional natural hybrids where sympatric. Chaenactis macrantha and C. cusickii may each warrant
8 KB (473 words) - 21:07, 5 November 2020
terrestrial species (C. capricorni R. Mason, C. muelleri Sonder, and C. sonderi Hegelmaier) have trilocular anthers; in these species and C. cycloptera Schotsman
9 KB (715 words) - 20:30, 5 November 2020
Nuttall Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 318. 1840. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Loran C. Anderson, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Common names: Goldenbush Etymology:
19 KB (930 words) - 21:05, 5 November 2020
flowers arranged in catkins, the “Amentiferae.” At about the same time, others (C. E. Bessey 1915) took a different view, regarding the simple flowers as the
9 KB (932 words) - 23:29, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familySmilacaceae Show Lower Taxa Smilax Ventenat Walter C. Holmes Common names: Catbrier Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment
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genus. J. C. Semple and L. Brouillet (1980) treated them as the separate genus Lasallea, an illegitimate name replaced by Virgulus (J. L. Reveal and C. S. Keener
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Stanley L. Welsh Basionym: Undefined subg. Pterochiton Torrey & Frémont in J. C. Frémont, Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts., 318. 1845 Atriplex sect. Deserticola (Ulbrich)
4 KB (412 words) - 23:00, 5 November 2020
Corydalis have been grown as ornamentals, particularly C. scouleri, C. aurea, C. sempervirens, and C. caseana; they may be found as garden escapes in areas
7 KB (460 words) - 22:45, 5 November 2020
55: 1197–1204. Rogers, C. M. 1963. Yellow flowered species of Linum in eastern North America. Brittonia 15: 97–122. Rogers, C. M. 1964. Yellow-flowered
5 KB (479 words) - 20:16, 5 November 2020
in C. maritima and C. tweedyi. x = 22, 23. North America (including Mexico), South America. Species ca. 35 (11 in the flora). Publications by R. C. Carolin
7 KB (549 words) - 23:01, 5 November 2020
hairy; bracteoles (not seen in 97. C. stonei and 98. C. ouachitensis), caducous, conspicuous, linear (oblong-linear in 96. C. biltmoreana), membranous (to nearly
11 KB (718 words) - 00:00, 6 November 2020
Perityle sect. Perityle Bentham Bot. Voy. Sulphur, 23, plate 15. 1844. Sharon C. Yarborough, A. Michael Powell Common names: Rock daisy Etymology: Greek peri
4 KB (330 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
Pl. 2: 1078. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 485, 1754. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Robbin C. Moran, Charles R. Werth Common names: Spleenwort Etymology: Greek splen, spleen thought
10 KB (249 words) - 21:22, 5 November 2020
latissimifolia, Solidago rugosa, Solidago ulmifolia in J. C. Loudon, Hort. Brit., 348. 1830. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Treatment appears in FNA Volume
2 KB (136 words) - 21:02, 5 November 2020
Erianthera (Rafinesque) Pennell Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 327. 1920. Craig C. Freeman Endemic Basionym: Dasanthera Rafinesque J. Phys. Chim. Hist. Nat.
3 KB (230 words) - 20:30, 5 November 2020
R. E. Buck (1993, 1995) excluded three species of Caulanthus (C. anceps, C. flavescens, C. lasiophyllus) and placed them in the long-abandoned Guillenia
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Four of the domesticated species (C. argyrosperma K. Koch, C. maxima, C. moschata, and C. pepo) plus one wild species (C. ecuadoriensis Cutler & Whitaker)
11 KB (1,026 words) - 23:23, 5 November 2020
praeceptorum, Carex tenuiflora, Carex trisperma, Carex ursina G. Don in J. C. Loudon, Hort. Brit., 376. 1830. Heikki Toivonen Treatment appears in FNA Volume
8 KB (425 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
Pyrola, Sarcodes Arnott M. Napier, Encycl. Brit. ed. 7 5: 118. 1832. Gordon C. Tucker, Gary D. Wallace Synonyms: Undefined subfam. Pyroloideae Kosteletzky
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88:373^157 Kellogg, E.A. and C.S. Campbell. 1987. Phylogenetic analyses of the Gramineae. Pp. 310-322 in T.R. Soderstrom, K.W. Hilu, C.S. Campbell, and M.E. Barkworth
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, Ala., Mich., N.C., Pa., Puerto Rico, S.C., W.Va., Ark., Iowa, Kans., Mo., N.Dak., Nebr., Okla., S.Dak., Del., D.C, Wis., Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld
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hybrid between E. discoidea and E. nauseosa (L. C. Anderson and J. L. Reveal 1966). Ericameria ×uintahensis (L. C. Anderson) G. L. Nesom & G. I. Baird, “Uinta
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FNA Volume 10. Inflorescences: axis erect, or prostrate to decumbent (C. davyi, C. prostrata); buds erect. Flowers: floral tube funnelform to obconical
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reported for North America: Corispermum hyssopifolium Linnaeus, C. nitidum Kitaibel ex Schultes, and C. orientale Lamarck (all Eurasian). However, it is now clear
13 KB (1,144 words) - 22:59, 5 November 2020
familyLimnanthaceae Show Lower Taxa Floerkea, Limnanthes R. Brown Gordon C. Tucker Common names: Meadowfoam Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7.
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other species also extend to the West Indies, and L. stricta (C. Wright ex Grisebach) C. Wright is endemic to Cuba (Peng and H. Tobe 1987; Peng 1988, 1989)
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118-135. Keener, C. S. 1975. Studies in the Ranunculaceae of the southeastern United States. III. Clematis L. Sida 6: 33-47. Keener, C. S. and W. M. Dennis
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and D. C. Culver 1979; A. C. Cortés-Palomec and H. E. Ballard 2006; T. M. Culley 2000, 2002; G. Davidse 1976; L. Freitas and M. Sazima 2003; C. M. Herrera
33 KB (2,273 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
Chinnappa, C. C. and J. K. Morton. 1976. Studies on the Stellaria longipes Goldie complex—Variation in wild populations. Rhodora 78: 488–501. Chinnappa, C. C.
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xerantica Kunth Enum. Pl. 2: 394. 1837. Joy Mastrogiuseppe, Paul E. Rothrock, A. C. Dibble, A. A. Reznicek Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Plants usually
55 KB (863 words) - 21:41, 5 November 2020
The dudaim melon (C. melo), paddy melon (C. myriocarpus), and a few others possibly have the potential to become aggressively invasive. C. Jeffrey (1980b)
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familyNymphaeaceae Show Lower Taxa Nuphar, Nymphaea Salisbury John. H. Wiersema, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Water-lily Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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species. Of these, the record of C. zygodonticarpus is based on a misidentification and C. paradoxus is a superfluous name for C. flexuosus, which is also included
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Okla., Pa., S.C., Wis., W.Va., Del., D.C, Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Kans., Minn., N.Dak., Mass., N.H., R.I., Vt., N.Mex., Tex., La., Oreg., N.C., Tenn., Calif
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previously allied with those now in Linderniaceae (D. C. Albach et al. 2005; R. Rahmanzadeh et al. 2005; D. C. Tank et al. 2006). None. Lindernia, Micranthemum
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intra-ovarian trichomes. Bot. J. Linn. Soc. 112: 223–255. Fritsch, P. W., C. M. Morton, Chen T., and C. Meldrum. 2001. Phylogeny and biogeography of the Styracaceae
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evidence (D. B. O. Savile 1968b, 1979; D. C. Michener 1982; O. Mistretta and R. Scogin 1989; Wolfe et al.; C. E. Freeman et al. 2003). Among Keckiella
9 KB (928 words) - 23:29, 14 January 2021
2004). The present treatment is based partly on that by L. C. Anderson (1986). Anderson, L. C., and P. S. Weberg. 1974. The anatomy and taxonomy of Vanclevea
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Microgramma, Neurodium, Pecluma, Phlebodium, Pleopeltis, Polypodium J. Presl & C. Presl Alan R. Smith Common names: Polypody Family Treatment appears in FNA
5 KB (348 words) - 21:24, 5 November 2020
tarda, Solidago verna (Mackenzie) G. L. Nesom Phytologia 75: 10. 1993. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Basionym: Argutae Mackenzie in J. K. Small, Man. S
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Idaho, Mont., Nebr., N.C., Conn., N.J., N.Y., Mass., Wash., Va., W.Va., Ark., Iowa, Kans., Mo., N.Dak., Okla., S.Dak., Ariz., D.C, Ga., Ill., Ky., Mich
40 KB (2,632 words) - 17:23, 11 May 2021
velutina, Quercus viminea, Quercus wislizeni G. Don in J. C. Loudon, Hort. Brit., 385. 1830. Kevin C. Nixon Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Trees or shrubs
22 KB (385 words) - 17:42, 30 November 2022
Diplacus viscidus Nuttall Ann. Nat. Hist. 1: 137. 1838. Guy L. Nesom, Melissa C. Tulig Common names: Sessile monkeyflower Etymology: Greek dis-, two, and plakos
23 KB (1,055 words) - 20:30, 5 November 2020
generally recognize fewer taxa (C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1955–1969, vol. 3; W. C. Martin and C. R. Hutchins 1980, vol. 1; C. F. Quibell 1993; N. H. Holmgren
15 KB (1,477 words) - 20:13, 5 November 2020
Linn Soc. 165: 64–83. Rogers, C. M. 1975. Relationships of Hesperolinon and Linum (Linaceae). Madroño 23: 153–159. Rogers, C. M. 1984. Linaceae. In: N. L
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Arctostaphylos viscida Adanson Fam. Pl. 2: 165. 1763 ,. V. Thomas Parker, Michael C. Vasey, Jon E. Keeley Common names: Manzanita Etymology: Greek arktos, bear
37 KB (1,900 words) - 21:25, 9 February 2021
D.C, Wis., N.Dak., S.Dak., Ariz., N.Mex., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Mass., Maine, N.H., R.I., Vt., Fla., Wyo., Ala., Minn., Tex., La., Colo., N.C., Tenn
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nine species; a tenth species is included here. All species except C. hooveri and C. micrantha are strongly self-incompatible. The genus appears to exhibit
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Alta., B.C., Man., Ont., Sask., D.C, Wis., Ariz., N.Mex., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Idaho, Oreg., Fla., Wyo., Tex., La., Md., Maine, Miss., S.C., N.C., Nebr
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comprising monophyletic taxa as the ultimate goal of systematics (e.g., P. C. van Welzen 1997); other botanists see monophyletic taxa as logically, philosophically
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pubescent; bracteoles caducous (persistent in C. ignava), linear to narrowly oblong, small, membranous (to herbaceous in C. ignava), margins sessile-glandular,
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familyJuncaginaceae Show Lower Taxa Lilaea, Triglochin Richard Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Arrow-grass Family Treatment appears in FNA
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undulata, Veronica verna, Veronica wormskjoldii Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 9. 1753. Dirk C. Albach Common names: Speedwell Etymology: Late Latin form of Greek Berenike/Pherenike
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palustris, has led some authors (e.g., F. K. Butters and E. C. Abbe 1940; R. L. Stuckey 1972; R. C. Rollins 1993) to recognize varieties or subspecies so poorly
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Pflanzenfamilien, ed. 2. 26+ vols. Leipzig and Berlin. Vol. 17b, pp. 5-145. Gunn, C. R. and M. J. Seldin. 1976. Seeds and Fruits of North American Papaveraceae
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Keck, P. rotundifolius A. Gray, P. spectabilis var. subinteger (D. D. Keck) C. C. Freeman, and P. vizcainensis Moran. Clokey, I. W. and D. D. Keck. 1939.
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Solidago) ser. Brachychaeta (Mackenzie) G. L. Nesom Phytologia 75: 9. 1993. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Basionym: Argutae Mackenzie in J. K. Small, Man. S
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kunthii, Thelypteris ovata, Thelypteris patens, Thelypteris puberula (Link) C. V. Morton Amer. Fern J. 53: 153. 1963. Alan R. Smith Basionym: Undefined subg
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perianths white to pinkish; flowering stems not fistulose; ec California, c and ne Nevada, c Utah Eriogonum esmeraldense 22 Peduncles (0.05-)0.1-0.25 cm, slender
23 KB (667 words) - 23:13, 5 November 2020
Abbe, E. C. 1935. Studies in the phylogeny of the Betulaceae. I. Floral and inflorescence anatomy and morphology. Bot. Gaz. 97: 1--67. Abbe, E. C. 1938.
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villosa, Perityle warnockii (A. Gray) A. M. Powell Sida 3: 277. 1968. Sharon C. Yarborough, A. Michael Powell Basionym: Undefined sect. Laphamia A. Gray Smithsonian
9 KB (299 words) - 21:14, 5 November 2020
(Linnaeus) Miller Gard. Dict. Abr. ed. 4, vol. 3. 1754. Harold R. Hinds†, Craig C. Freeman Common names: Smartweed Etymology: Latin, persica, peach, and - aria
5 KB (427 words) - 23:08, 5 November 2020
toumeyi, Quercus turbinella, Quercus vaseyana, Quercus virginiana Linneaus Kevin C. Nixon Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Trees or shrubs, evergreen or deciduous
24 KB (374 words) - 21:04, 25 November 2022
Mex., Okla., S.Dak., Wyo., Puerto Rico, Calif., Oreg., Tex., La., N.C., Tenn., S.C., Ala., Virgin Islands, Pa., Mont., Miss., Ohio, Va., Colo., Alaska
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trichophylla Limpricht Laubm. Deutschl. 1: 759. 1889,. Roxanne I. Hastings, Henk C. Greven Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 247. Mentioned
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subspicatum (Rydberg) G. L. Nesom Phytologia 77: 271. 1995. Luc Brouillet, John C. Semple, Geraldine A. Allen, Kenton L. Chambers, Scott D. Sundberg† Basionym:
2 KB (205 words) - 20:59, 5 November 2020
except in rare forms of C. mollis) mostly occur from the Great Plains to the Appalachians south to the Gulf Coast; C. pennsylvanica and C. submollis (with ten
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Amer. Fern J. 48: 97--102. Taylor, T. M. C. 1970. Pacific Northwest Ferns and Their Allies. Toronto. Taylor, W. C., N. T. Luebke, and M. B. Smith. 1985.
13 KB (992 words) - 21:21, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyClethraceae Show Lower Taxa Clethra Klotzsch Gordon C. Tucker, Sean C. Jones Common names: White Alder Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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A Aspicarpa hyssopifolia B Byrsonima lucida C Callaeum septentrionale C cont. Cottsia gracilis G Galphimia angustifolia H Heteropterys brachiata H cont
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyXyridaceae Show Lower Taxa Xyris C. Agardh Robert Kral Common names: Yellow-eyed-grass Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume
5 KB (610 words) - 21:29, 5 November 2020
branches usually glabrous (densely hairy young in C. viridis var. velutina); bracteoles fugacious (not seen in C. nitida), linear-filiform, membranous, margins
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composed of Carex sects. Granulares, Careyanae, and Griseae (R. F. C. Naczi 1992; R. F. C. Naczi et al. 2002). Eight species formerly included in sect. Laxiflorae
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The various types of perennating structures in Epilobium (R. C. Keating et al. 1982; Chen C. J. et al. 1992) are extremely useful for identification of
26 KB (1,416 words) - 17:40, 2 December 2022
ser. Parvifoliae (C. ×vailiae), ser. Pruinosae (C. chadsfordiana Sargent), ser. Punctatae (C. florifera), and ser. Rotundifoliae (C. laurentiana), at least
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Penstemon secundiflorus Pennell Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 326, 331. 1920. Craig C. Freeman Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 110. Mentioned
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climbing habit of members of the latter (I. W. Bailey and C. G. Nast 1948; S. Carlquist 1982; A. C. Smith 1947). Studies of fossil pollen led J. W. Walker
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entire key. Greven, H. C. 1999. A synopsis of Grimmia in Mexico, including Grimmia mexicana, sp. nov. Bryologist 102: 426–436. Greven, H. C. 2003. Grimmias of
21 KB (541 words) - 19:03, 30 April 2021
Ogden, E. C. 1943. The broad-leaved species of Potamogeton of North America north of Mexico. Rhodora. 45: 57--105, 119--163, 171--214. Preston, C. D. 1995
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include: C. chadsfordiana Sargent and C. spatiosa Sargent (ser. Pruinosae × ser. Macracanthae), C. desueta Sargent (C. punctata × ser. Anomalae), C. dunbarii
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in Camissonia. Reproductive features include: self-incompatible (C. cheiranthifolia and C. bistorta) or self-compatible; flowers diurnal; outcrossing and
9 KB (607 words) - 23:30, 2 December 2022
Fendlera, Fendlerella, Hydrangea, Jamesia, Philadelphus, Whipplea Dumortier Craig C. Freeman Common names: Hydrangea Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12
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parviflorum, Epilobium saximontanum, Epilobium siskiyouense, Epilobium smithii Peter C. Hoch Synonyms: Epilobium [unranked] Chrysonerion Torrey & A. Gray Epilobium
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Careyanae. See R. F. C. Naczi et al. (2001) for distinguishing these sections and also discussion under sect. Laxiflorae. Bryson, C. T. 1980. A revision
6 KB (315 words) - 21:43, 5 November 2020
Morphological (H. K. Airy Shaw 1936), developmental (Tsou C. H. 1998), and molecular data (L. M. Prince and C. R. Parks 2001) identify three tribes within Theaceae
7 KB (786 words) - 23:45, 5 November 2020
stricta, Minuartia tenella, Minuartia uniflora, Minuartia yukonensis Loefling in C. Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 89. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 39. 1754. Richard K. Rabeler
18 KB (1,045 words) - 23:09, 5 November 2020
Delphinium. Univ. Colorado Stud., Ser. D, Phys. Sci. 2: 55-244. Lewis, H. and C. Epling. 1954. A taxonomic study of Californian delphiniums. Brittonia 8: 1-22
5 KB (569 words) - 22:49, 5 November 2020
& M. E. Lewis Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 20: 261. 1955. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Inflorescences: axis straight, erect;
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hostiana × C. flava (= C. ×xanthocarpa Dégland), C. hostiana × C. viridula (= C. ×fulva Goodenough), C. flava × C. viridula (= C. ×ruedtii Kneucker), and C. cryptolepis
6 KB (471 words) - 21:44, 5 November 2020
Wash., Va., Del., D.C, W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Fla., N.H., Puerto Rico, N.Mex., Tex., La., B.C., Md., Nebr., Tenn., N.C., S.C., Pa., Nev., Colo
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Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 993. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 429, 1754. Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Sagittaire Etymology: Latin sagitta, arrow Synonyms:
9 KB (447 words) - 21:31, 5 November 2020
Soderstrom, K.W. Hilu, C.S. Campbell, and M.E. Barkworth (eds.). Grass Systematics and Evolution. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C, U.S.A. 473 pp
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9. Wash., W.Va., D.C, Wis., Ariz., N.Mex., Oreg., Tex., Fla., Wyo., N.J., La., Kans., S.Dak., Colo., Mont., Nev., Tenn., N.C., S.C., Pa., N.Y., Nebr.,
12 KB (791 words) - 18:29, 28 May 2021
Grimmiaceae (Musci) in Maine. III. Racomitrium. Evansia 11: 41–54. Frye, T. C. 1917–1918. The rhacomitriums of western North America. Bryologist 20: 91–98;
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(1999). Rare individuals of C. cuthbertii or C. lyonii with narrow leaf bases might be the result of hybridization with C. glabra or C. obliqua (Nelson 1995)
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Inflexae Show Lower Taxa Limnanthes alba, Limnanthes floccosa, Limnanthes montana C. T. Mason Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 25: 473. 1952. Nancy R. Morin Treatment appears
3 KB (277 words) - 21:31, 9 February 2021
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPiperaceae Show Lower Taxa Peperomia, Piper C. Agardh David E. Boufford Common names: Pepper family Treatment appears in
3 KB (268 words) - 22:48, 5 November 2020
Triphysaria micrantha, Triphysaria pusilla, Triphysaria versicolor Fischer & C. A. Meyer Index Seminum (St. Petersburg) 2: 52. 1836. Elizabeth H. Zacharias
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with C. florida and C. nuttallii, or the less virulent but still destructive Cryptodiaporthe Canker (Cryptodiaporthe corni), which is restricted to C. alternifolia
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Del., D.C, Man., Ont., Que., Sask., W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Ark., Ariz., Calif., Ga., La., Md., Miss., N.C., N.Mex., Nev., Puerto Rico, S.C., Tex
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the earliest branching taxa in the family (C. Bayer et al. 1999; R. Nyffeler et al. 2005). Whitlock, B. A., C. Bayer and D. A. Baum. 2001. Phylogenetic
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Zigadenus virescens Michaux Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1: 213, plate 22. 1803. Fayla C. Schwartz Common names: Death camas zigadène Etymology: Greek zygos, yoke,
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Cornus racemosa, Cornus rugosa, Cornus sanguinea, Cornus sericea (Dumortier) C. K. Schneider Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 2: 437. 1909. Zack E. Murrell, Derick
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Treatment appears in FNA Volume 3. Woody vines (erect, herbaceous perennials in C. recta). Leaf blade 1-2-pinnate; leaflets lobed or unlobed, margins entire
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Eucycla not accounted for in this treatment are: Eriogonum encelioides Reveal & C. A. Hanson, E. fastigiatum Parry, E. molle Greene, E. orcuttianum S. Watson
74 KB (972 words) - 23:03, 27 October 2022
Barrett, S. C. H. and D. E. Seaman. 1980. The weed flora of California rice fields. Aquatic Bot. 9: 351–376. Eckenwalder, J. E. and S. C. H. Barrett.
4 KB (359 words) - 22:10, 5 November 2020
Lower Taxa Arecaceae tribe Cyclospatheae, Arecaceae tribe Hyophorbeae Drude in C. F. P. von Martius et al., Flora Brasiliensis 3(2): 271. 1881. Scott Zona Treatment
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molecular phylogenies (e.g., J. C. Semple et al. 2002; L. Brouillet and S. Selliah 2005). A. G. Jones (1980) and J. C. Semple and L. Brouillet (1980) proposed
57 KB (1,333 words) - 20:35, 6 November 2020
from C. amoena and an unknown, presumably extinct, species related to C. arcuata and C. lassenensis. Clarkia gracilis is readily distinguished from C. amoena
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Solidago simplex, Solidago spathulata (Rydberg) Semple Sida 20: 1606. 2003. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Basionym: Humiles Rydberg Fl. Rocky Mts., 868. 1917
3 KB (167 words) - 21:01, 5 November 2020
(Hampe) Schimper Coroll. Bryol. Eur., 48. 1856,. Roxanne I. Hastings, Henk C. Greven Basionym: Undefined subg. Guembelia Hampe Bot. Zeitung (Berlin) 4:
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sect. Agrostoidea Show Lower Taxa Panicum anceps, Panicum rigidulum (Nash) C.C. Hsu Robert W. Freckmann, Michel G. Lelong Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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or multiporate. Nearly worldwide. Species ca. 85 (30 in the flora). Rogers, C. M. 1982. The systematics of Linum sect. Linopsis (Linaceae). Pl. Syst. Evol
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months later by apetalous, cleistogamous flowers (simultaneous in C. georgianum and C. glomeratum). Flowering dates cited are for chasmogamous flowers.
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tenuifolium (Nuttall) Semple in J. C. Semple et al., Cult. Native Asters Ontario, 133. 2002. Luc Brouillet, John C. Semple, Geraldine A. Allen, Kenton
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Keating, R. C. 1968. Comparative morphology of Cochlospermaceae. I. Synopsis of the family and wood anatomy. Phytomorphology 18: 379–392. Keating, R. C. 1970
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Fallopia scandens, Fallopia ×bohemica Adanson Fam. Pl. 2: 277, 557. 1763. Craig C. Freeman, Harold R. Hinds† Common names: False-buckwheat Etymology: for Gabriello
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ovate to lanceolate, usually plano-convex (to slightly biconvex in C. exilis and C. interior), base rounded to cordate, with spongy tissue, margins acutely
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Selaginellaceae traditionally include only one genus of living plants, Selaginella (A. C. Jermy 1990b; R. M. Tryon and A. F. Tryon 1982). Some authors (O. Kuntze 1891–1898
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(1) C. betuloides clade, including all the varieties of C. betuloides; (2) C. ledifolius clade, including three varieties of C. ledifolius; (3) C. montanus
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The Cupressaceae, with a known fossil record extending back to the Jurassic (C. N. Miller Jr. 1988), constitute a diverse family often divided between Cupressaceae
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Killip (1938) the most commonly used until recently. The most recent system (C. Feuillet and J. M. MacDougal 2003) recognizes only four subgenera: Astrophea
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Synonyms: Undefined sect. Duravia (S. Watson) Greene Polygonum sect. Monticola J. C. Hickman Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 561. Mentioned
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Eschscholzia parishii, Eschscholzia ramosa, Eschscholzia rhombipetala Chamisso in C. G. D. Nees, Horae Phys. Berol., 73. 1820. Etymology: For Johann F. G. von
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1: 207. 1803. William J. Hess Common names: Beargrass Etymology: for Abbé C. P. Nolin, eighteenth-century French arboriculturist and director of the royal
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et al. 1997c. The phylogenetic placement of river-weeds (Podostemaceae): Insights from rbcL sequence data. Aquatic Bot. 57: 5–27. Philbrick, C. T. and A
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(Russian Far East). Boechera often is treated as a synonym of Arabis (e.g., R. C. Rollins 1993; S. L. Welsh et al. 2003) but it has become clear that morphological
68 KB (1,988 words) - 23:34, 5 November 2020
Genera 29, species ca. 1200 (6 genera, 53 species in the flora). B. Eriksen and C. Persson (2007) provided a good synthesis of the taxonomic history of Polygalaceae
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Pityopsis ruthii Nuttall Trans. Amer. Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 317–318. 1840. John C. Semple Common names: Grass-leaved goldenasters Etymology: Greek pitys, pine
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Brown in J. H. Tuckey, Narr. Exped. Zaire, 459. 1818. Gordon C. TuckerTucker, Gordon C. Common names: Lipocarphe Etymology: Greek, leipo, to fall, and
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Taxa Salix jejuna, Salix ovalifolia, Salix stolonifera (Rydberg) C. K. Schneider in C. S. Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 3: 140. 1916. George W. Argus Basionym:
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Nearly worldwide. Genus 1, species ca. 150 (24 species in the flora). Jermy, A. C. 1990. Isoëtaceae. In: K. Kubitzki et al., eds. 1990+. The Families and Genera
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xylus (Rydberg) Pennell Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 327, 334. 1920. Craig C. Freeman Basionym: Penstemon [unranked] Caespitosi Rydberg Fl. Colorado, 306
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hirtipes. The rank subspecies is widely used in this treatment in accordance with C. L. Hitchcock (1957) and S. R. Hill (2012b). Varieties were distinguished within
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Ebinger 1974; R. A. Jaynes 1988; J. M. Kingsbury 1964; C. D. Marsh and A. B. Clawson 1930; W. C. Muenscher 1951). Sheep become sick when given leaves of
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sanguinolentus (Palisot de Beauvois) J. Carey Carices North. U. S., 517. 1847. Gordon C. Tucker*, Brian G. Marcks*, J. Richard Carter * Basionym: Undefined subg. Pycreus Palisot
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have caused some authors to treat C. iowense, C. rosendahlii, C. tetrandrum, and C. wrightii as infraspecific taxa of C. alternifolium. Each of them is maintained
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Clemants, Sergei L. Mosyakin Basionym: Chenopodium sect. Botryoides C. A. Meyer in C. F. von Ledebour, Fl. Altaica 1: 410. 1829 Treatment appears in FNA
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amoena is closely related to C. rubicunda, which differs morphologically mainly in the color pattern of the petals. Petals of C. amoena have a conspicuous
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rugulose surface; C. longipes cell lobes are triangular, the surface rugulose; C. solieri cell lobes are triangular, the surface wax-covered; C. viridis has
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America, n Mexico, Europe, sw, c Asia, n, s Africa, Atlantic Islands, temperate and subtropical regions, introduced in c Mexico, South America, Australia
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Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 396. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5. 188. 1754 ,. Gordon C. Tucker, Sean C. Jones Common names: Sweet pepperbush Etymology: Greek klethra, alder
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macounii, Limnanthes vinculans Nancy R. Morin Synonyms: Limnanthes sect. Reflexae C. T. Mason Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 175. Mentioned
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyLygodiaceae Show Lower Taxa Lygodium C. Presl Clifton E. Nauman Common names: Climbing Ferns Treatment appears in FNA Volume
2 KB (129 words) - 21:21, 5 November 2020
rubella, Elatine triandra Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 367. 1753. Hamid Razifard, Gordon C. Tucker, Donald H. Les Common names: Waterwort élatine Etymology: Greek name
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phytolaccifolium Handb. Nat. Pfl.-Syst., 236. 1837. Harold R. Hinds†, Craig C. Freeman Etymology: Greek acon, whetstone, and gone, seed, perhaps alluding
6 KB (463 words) - 23:08, 5 November 2020
1754. James E. Eckenwalder Common names: Cypress Etymology: Latin name of C. sempervirens Treatment appears in FNA Volume 2. Trees or large shrubs evergreen
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× Crataegus), ×Sorbaronia C. K. Schneider (Sorbus × Aronia), ×Sorbocotoneaster Pojarkova (Sorbus × Cotoneaster), ×Sorbopyrus C. K. Schneider (Sorbus × Pyrus)
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species for plants that I include here in C. scariosum: C. acaulescens, C. congdonii, C. coloradense, and C. scariosum in the restricted sense. Moore and
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Systematics. Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. Pp. 283–291. McArthur, E. D., C. L. Pope, and D. C. Freeman. 1981. Chromosomal studies of subgenus Tridentatae of Artemisia:
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villosicarpa A. Gray in A. Gray et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 144. 1884. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Synonyms: Undefined subsect. Actipsis Rafinesque Leioligo
6 KB (244 words) - 21:01, 5 November 2020
branches divergent to recurved, plumose distally. x = 10. N.C., Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., W.Va., Del., D.C, Wis., Ariz., N.Mex., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Mass
15 KB (1,188 words) - 17:25, 11 May 2021
example, M. W. Chase et al. 1993; N. Korotkova et al. 2009; K. Wurdack and C. C. Davis 2009). Only Chrysobalanus icaco is important commercially; it is planted
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allotetraploid genus Stebbinsoseris (R. K. Jansen et al. 1991b; Chambers 1993c). A large body of literature has resulted from use of Microseris as a model
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punctata, Persicaria robustior, Persicaria setacea Harold R. Hinds†, Craig C. Freeman Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 581. Mentioned
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generally papillose on both exposed surfaces with several large, branching or C-shaped papillae or distinctly mammillose; marginal cells sometimes longer proximally
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Penstemon rupicola G. Don Gen. Hist. 4: 639. 1837. (as Pentstemon) Craig C. Freeman Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 85.
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utahensis Bernhardi Neues J. Bot. 1(2): 26. 1805. Christopher H. Haufler, Robbin C. Moran, Michael D. Windham Common names: Bladder fern brittle fern Etymology:
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Nyholm 1986+, fasc. 1). Cnestrum species accepted by Nyholm (C. schisti, C. alpestre, and C. glaucescens) are small or slender plants ca. 0.5–1.5 cm, whereas
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Several species of Callirhoë are gynodioecious; populations of C. alcaeoides, C. involucrata, and C. leiocarpa have individuals with either bisexual or functionally
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyNyssaceae Show Lower Taxa Nyssa Jussieu ex Dumortier Gordon C. Tucker Common names: Tupelo Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 12. Treatment
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familyCapparaceae Show Lower Taxa Atamisquea, Cynophalla, Quadrella Jussieu Gordon C. Tucker Common names: Caper Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment
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media, Smelowskia ovalis, Smelowskia porsildii, Smelowskia pyriformis C. A. Meyer in C. F. von Ledebour, Icon. Pl. 2: 17, plate 151. 1830. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz
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the southeastern United States. J. Arnold Arbor. 45: 439–463. Medan, D. and C. Schirarend. 2004. Rhamnaceae. In: K. Kubitzki et al., eds. 1990+. The Families
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(Fischer & C. A. Meyer) H. Lewis & M. E. Lewis Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 20: 359. 1955. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Basionym: Eucharidium Fischer & C. A. Meyer
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(Fischer & C. A. Meyer) Greene Pittonia 1: 140. 1887. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Common names: Red ribbons Basionym: Eucharidium concinnum Fischer & C. A. Meyer
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79–91. Hebert, H. J.-C. 1968. Generic considerations concerning Carphephorus and Trilisa (Compositae). Rhodora 70: 474–485. James, C. W. 1958. Generic considerations
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black rhizomes found in some species Synonyms: Acelidanthus Trautvetter & C. A. Meyer Evonyxis Rafinesque Leimanthium Willdenow Treatment appears in FNA
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyDatiscaceae Show Lower Taxa Datisca Dumortier Walter C. Holmes Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 59. Mentioned
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as C. striata appear transitional and others, such as C. pellita hybridize freely with the larger, glabrous-fruited species. Carex congdonii and C. sartwelliana
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Okla., S.Dak., D.C, Wis., Iowa, Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Md., Mass., N.H., R.I., Vt., Fla., Wyo., Calif., Tex., La., N.C., Tenn., S.C., Pa., Nev., Colo
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Solidago tortifolia (Torrey & A. Gray) G. L. Nesom Phytologia 75: 8. 1993. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Basionym: Triplinerviae Torrey & A. Gray Fl. N. Amer
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(J. Soják 1985[1989], 2008) and molecular (T. Eriksson et al. 1998, 2003; C. Dobeš and J. Paule 2010; M. H. Töpel et al. 2011) interpretations has justified
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Syst. Bot. 21: 187–208. Sperling, C. R. 1987. Systematics of the Basellaceae. Ph.D. thesis. Harvard University. Sperling, C. R. and V. Bittrich. 1993. Basellaceae
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34: 705. 1985. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Basionym: Phaeostoma spach Hist. Nat Vég. 4: 392. 1835 Synonyms: Gauropsis c. Presl Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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Bot. Club 28: 269. 1901. James D. Ackerman, Randall Morgan Etymology: For C. V. Piper, American botanist of the Pacific Northwest Treatment appears in
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recognized C. unalaschkensis as a tetraploid species derived from hybridization between C. canadensis and C. suecica and the remaining intermediates as C. canadensis
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tribe Chorisporeae Show Lower Taxa Chorispora, Parrya Ledebour, C. A. Meyer & Bunge in C. F. von Ledebour, Fl. Altaica 3: 104. 1831. Ihsan A. Al-Shehbaz
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and C. canadensis subsp. canadensis often grow in close proximity and hybridize in eastern North America to produce C. ×sterilis. The unilocular C. alpina
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glomerata (C. Presl) Baillon Hist. Pl. 3: 407. 1871. Walter C. Holmes Common names: Durango root Illustrated Basionym: Tricerastes glomerata C. Presl Reliq
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alnifolia varietyAmelanchier alnifolia var. semiintegrifolia (Hooker) C. L. Hitchcock in C. L. Hitchcock et al., Vasc. Pl. Pacif. N.W. 3: 94. 1961. Christopher
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wildlife because they are high in proteins and fats. Carya cordiformis, C. glabra, and C. ovata are grown extensively in central Europe for timber. Characters
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyMuntingiaceae Show Lower Taxa Muntingia C. Bayer John L. Strother Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 185
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white-bordered dark spot (C. xantiana), fan-shaped, unlobed or shallowly 2-lobed, with subulate tooth in sinus, claw inconspicuous (conspicuous in C. xantiana); stamens
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B. and M. C. Neel. 2008. Phylogenetic patterns and conservation among North American members of the genus Agalinis (Orobanchaceae). B. M. C. Evol. Biol
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Lower Taxa Cassiope Kron & Judd Bot. Rev. (Lancaster) 68: 404. 2002. Gordon C. Tucker, Gary D. Wallace Synonyms: Undefined tribe Cassiopeae H. T. Ham Treatment
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyAponogetonaceae Show Lower Taxa Aponogeton J. Agardh C. Barre Hellquist, Robert R. Haynes Common names: Aponogeton or Cape-pondweed
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& M. E. Lewis Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 20: 347. 1955. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Inflorescences: axis recurved at
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followed by R. B. Faden (1998), R. B. Faden and D. R. Hunt (1991), and G. C. Tucker (1989). Genera 40, species ca. 630 (6 genera, 51 species in the flora)
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyKoeberliniaceae Show Lower Taxa Koeberlinia Engler Gordon C. Tucker Common names: Allthorn Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment
3 KB (242 words) - 23:32, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyMazaceae Show Lower Taxa Mazus Reveal Richard K. Rabeler, Craig C. Freeman Common names: Mazus Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment
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Taxa Circaea, Fuchsia Dumortier FFl. Belg., 88. 1827. Warren L. Wagner, Peter C. Hoch Synonyms: Fuchsieae de Candolle Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs
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Map N.B., N.S., P.E.I., Que., Conn., D.C., Del., Ga., Maine, Mass., Md., N.C., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Va., Vt. Varieties 2 (2 in the
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rigidus, Sericocarpus tortifolius Nees Gen. Sp. Aster., 10, 148. 1832. John C. Semple, Michelle R. Leonard Common names: White-topped aster Etymology: Greek
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the flora). Species of Carex sect. Deweyanae, particularly C. bolanderi, C. deweyana, and C. leptopoda, can be difficult to identify because of their great
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Soderstrom, K.W Hilu, C.S. Campbell, and M.E. Barkworth (eds.). Grass Systematics and Evolution. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 473 pp
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Asia, n, alpine, c, e Africa. Species ca. 70 (15 in the flora). As treated by most North American authors (e.g., M. Hopkins 1937; R. C. Rollins 1941, 1993;
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walteri Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 1028. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 455. 1754. Walter C. Holmes Common names: Catbrier greenbrier sarsaparilla Etymology: ancient Greek
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Ala., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Ky., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va., W
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Show Lower Taxa Polypremum Skottsberg ex Wettstein Richard K. Rabeler, Craig C. Freeman Common names: Tetrachondra Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume
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nested within Lepidium, and Coronopus was clearly shown to be polyphyletic (C. D. Bailey et al. 2007). All three taxa differ from Lepidium by trivial fruit
23 KB (1,130 words) - 23:37, 5 November 2020
speciesManilkara jaimiqui Show Lower Taxa Manilkara jaimiqui subsp. emarginata (C. Wright ex Grisebach) Dubard Ann. Mus. Colon. Marseille, sér. 3, 3: 16. 1915
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Heiser, C. B., D. M. Smith, S. Clevenger, and W. C. Martin. 1969. The North American sunflowers (Helianthus). Mem. Torrey Bot. Club 22(3). Heiser, C. B. 1976
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biloba is most closely related to C. lingulata, which is derived from C. biloba subsp. australis. Some populations of C. biloba subsp. brandegeeae (originally
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Map N.B., N.S., P.E.I., Que., Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Maine, Md., Mass., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., Va. The dense colonies of larger
5 KB (558 words) - 23:54, 5 November 2020
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyBlechnaceae Show Lower Taxa Blechnum, Woodwardia C. Presl Raymond B. Cranfill Common names: Chain Fern Family Treatment appears
4 KB (351 words) - 21:24, 5 November 2020
Gray) A. Gray in A. Gray et al., Syn. Fl. N. Amer. 1(2): 145. 1884. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Basionym: Solidago sect. Glomeruliflorae Fl. N. Amer
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hyperboreum and S. minimum. Canad. J. Bot. 51: 1629--1641. Hitchcock, C. L. 1969. Sparganiaceae. In: C. L. Hitchcock et al. 1969. Vascular Plants of the Pacific Northwest
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Crataegus crus-galli, less in species like C. fecunda. E. J. Palmer (1925) cited well over 100 names for the series (C. persimilis, which keys out in the second
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Chetyson Rafinesque; Clausenella Á. Löve & D. Löve; Cockerellia (R. T. Clausen & C. H. Uhl) Á. Löve & D. Löve; Hjaltalinia Á. Löve & D. Löve Species 420–470 (41
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hybridizes with C. abyssi, C. echinocarpa (= C. ×deserta), C. bigelovii (= C. ×campii), C. leptocaulis (see C. ×tetracantha), C. ×multigeniculata, C. spinosior
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species (Crataegus collina, C. mexicana Mociño & Sessé ex de Candolle, and C. punctata) plus two local ones (C. spes-aestatum and C. jonesiae), all found in
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sect. Seminudae Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 118. (as Ludvigia), [1204]. 1753 Peter C. Hoch Common names: Water-primrose primrose-willow false loosestrife Etymology:
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keeled adaxially; petals 0 (5, yellow, hooded, spatulate, short-clawed in C. ericoides); nectary absent, thin, or margin thickened, lining hypanthium;
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Gratiola virginiana, Gratiola viscidula Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 17. 1753. Craig C. Freeman Common names: Hedge-hyssop Etymology: Latin gratia, graceful, and
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plate 257. 1819, name conserved ,. Bruce A. Sorrie, Alan S. Weakley, Gordon C. Tucker Common names: Huckleberry Etymology: For Louis Joseph Gay-Lussac, 1778–1850
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insularis (Eastwood) Munz C. californica Abrams C. douglasii Bentham C. douglasii subsp. insularis (Eastwood) Pennell C. inflata Pennell C. wightii subsp. anacapensis (Dunkle)
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tenuifolia, Polanisia uniglandulosa Rafinesque Amer. J. Sci. 1: 3781819. Gordon C. Tucker Common names: Clammyweed Etymology: Greek polys, many, and anisos,
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radula, Solidago velutina (Mackenzie) G. L. Nesom Phytologia 75: 8. 1993. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Basionym: Nemorales Mackenzie in J. K. Small, Man.
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Generated Map Legacy Map Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., Del., D.C., Wis., W.Va., Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Mass., Maine, N
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petiolata, Rhexia salicifolia, Rhexia ventricosa, Rhexia virginica Gronovius in C. Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 346. 1753. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Meadow beauty deergrass
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in measurements of lengths and diameters. Baskin, J. M., K. M. Snyder, and C. C. Baskin. 1993. Nomenclatural history and taxonomic status of Echinacea angustifolia
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Xyris smalliana, Xyris stricta, Xyris tennesseensis, Xyris torta Gronovius in C. Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 1: 42. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 25, 1754. Robert Kral Common
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differences in stem morphology, petiole structure, and pollen morphology. J. C. Hickman (1984) described sect. Monticola and included in it species of sect
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Bailey) Kükenthal in H. G. A. Engler, Pflanzenr. 20[IV,38]: 516. 1909. Robert F. C. Naczi, Charles T. Bryson Basionym: Griseae L. H. Bailey Proc. Amer. Acad.
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Geogr. Fac. Filos. Letras Univ. Buenos Aires A 10:26. 1925. Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist Illustrated Basionym: Phalangium scilloides Poiret in J. Lamarck
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speciesAkebia quinata (Houttuyn) Decaisne Arch. Mus. Hist. Nat. 1: 195, fig. 1(a-c). 1839. John W. Thieret, John T. Kartesz Common names: Chocolate-vine five-leaf
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Nesom, G. L. 1993c. Taxonomy of Doellingeria (Asteraceae: Astereae). Phytologia 75: 452–462. Semple, J. C., J. G. Chmielewski, and C. Leeder. 1991. A multivariate
6 KB (493 words) - 21:04, 5 November 2020
Iris tenuissima (Diels) G. H. M. Lawrence Gentes Herb. 8: 360. 1953. Norlan C. Henderson Basionym: Iris subsect. Californicae Diels in H. G. A. Engler and
5 KB (676 words) - 21:05, 8 December 2021
Meyer in C. F. von Ledebour, Icon. Pl. 2: 16. 1830 Synonyms: Neotorularia humilis (C. A. Meyer) Hedge & J. Léonard Torularia humilis (C. A. Meyer) O. E
6 KB (659 words) - 18:13, 6 November 2020
angustifolia and the closely related C. chromosa. Sometimes C. chromosa is treated as a variety of C. angustifolia, using the name C. angustifolia var. dubia. The
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punctiform to ellipsoid, x = 9. N.C., Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Va., Del., D.C, Wis., W.Va., Pacific Islands (Hawaii), Md., Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., Ont.
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guild of native bees (A. C. Dibble et al. 1997). Conservation challenges for this apomictic tetraploid were discussed by Dibble and C. S. Campbell (1995).
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upper lemma through which the primary root of the seedling grows. Barber, J.C., S.A. Aliscioni, L.M. Giussani, J.D. Noll, M.R. Duvall, and E.A. Kellogg.
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uncommon in South America (Argentina and Chile) and e North America (W.Va. s to c Fla., e to Mo., Okla., and Tex.). Genera 20, species ca. 325 (19 genera, 281
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pinetorum, Solidago spectabilis (Rydberg) G. L. Nesom Phytologia 75: 9. 1993. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Basionym: Junceae Rydberg Fl. Plains N. Amer., 792
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papillose on one or both exposed surfaces with several large, branching or C-shaped papillae; marginal cells sometimes longer proximally, forming a very
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Elevation: 0–200 m Generated Map Legacy Map Del., Ga., Md., N.J., N.C., Pa., S.C., Va. C. T. Frye (2006) found morphologic evidence of introgression between
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Calif., Mont., Nev., Conn., Colo., Alaska, S.Dak., Mass., Ill., Ind., Alta., B.C., Greenland, Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., N.W.T., Nunavut, Ont., P.E
14 KB (1,162 words) - 17:24, 11 May 2021
mm; 6-8-toothed; flowers 1-2 mm, perianth glabrous, white to rose in fruit; c Monterey and w San Benito counties, California Eriogonum nortonii 7 Involucres
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species, see E. O. Beal (1977), T. C. Brayshaw (1985), C. D. K. Cook and M. S. Nicholls (1986, 1987), and G. E. Crow and C. B. Hellquist (1981). The worldwide
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Smith, Fl. Graec. Prodr. 1: 361. 1809, name conserved. John. H. Wiersema, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Spatterdock cow-lily yellow pond-lily nénuphar
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glabrous except for sparsely pubescent beak. Generated Map Legacy Map Alta., B.C., Ariz., Calif., Colo., Idaho, Mont., Nev., Oreg., Utah, Wash., Wyo. Varieties
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notizen., Abh. Naturwiss. Vereine Bremen 21: 258. 1912. Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Potamot Synonyms: Coleogeton (Reichenbach) Les
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Legacy Map Ala., Ark., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Kans., Ky., La., Md., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.C., Ohio, Okla., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., W.Va. Passiflora
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Undefined subg. Stachygynandrum Palisot de Beavois ex Mirbel in J. Lamarck & C. de Mirbel, Hist. Nat. Vég. 3: 477. 1803[1802?] Treatment appears in FNA Volume
8 KB (444 words) - 21:25, 5 November 2020
Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 10: 329. 1846. (as Pentstemon) Craig C. Freeman Basionym: Elmigera Reichenbach ex Spach Hist. Nat. Vég. 9: 299. 1840
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species. Based on DNA data, D. H. Goldman (2000) determined that C. multiflorus and C. pallidus are most closely related, although the relationships of
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purple-petalled C. procumbens Ortega (firefly cuphea) and hybrids of C. procumbens with C. llavea are also popular flowering annuals. Garden escapes of C. procumbens
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endemic to the Himalayan region, C. conspersum (Haussknecht) Kitamura and C. speciosum (Decaisne) Hoch & Gandhi (Chen C. J. et al. 1992); the other four
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the flora). Park, C. W. 1986. Nomenclatural typifications in Polygonum section Echinocaulon (Polygonaceae). Brittonia 38: 394–406. Park, C. W. 1987. Flavonoid
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Ala., Conn., Del., Fla., Ga., Ky., La., Md., Mass., Miss., N.J., N.Y., N.C., S.C., Tenn., Va. Schwalbea americana is among the more fire-dependent species
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A. Dirr 1986) and elsewhere. Illicium mexicanum A. C. Smith was considered a separate species by A. C. Smith (1947); expressions of all characters used
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analysis of nucleotide sequences from the plastid gene rbcL (K. J. Wurdack and C. C. Davis 2009). Currently, 35 families are included in Malpighiales (Angiosperm
8 KB (963 words) - 23:19, 5 November 2020
Hedwig Sp. Musc. Frond., 166. 1801 ,. Wilfred B. Schofield Etymology: For J. C. Buxbaum, 1693–1730, its discoverer Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment
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& M. E. Lewis Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 20: 319. 1955. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Inflorescences open racemes, axis
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Tenn., N.C., S.C., Pa., Okla., Calif., Nev., Colo., Miss., Alaska, Ala., Kans., S.Dak., Ind., Ark., Ill., Ga., Iowa, Ohio, Idaho, Alta., B.C., Greenland
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Epilobium septentrionale (C. Presl) P. H. Raven Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 63: 335. 1977. Peter C. Hoch Basionym: Zauschneria C. Presl Reliq. Haenk. 2: 28
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wardii (Rydberg) Pennell Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 326, 329. 1920. Craig C. Freeman Basionym: Penstemon [unranked] Glabri Rydberg Fl. Colorado, 306. 1906
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parviflorum with C. candidum are C. ×andrewsii A. M. Fuller, and different varietal parentages are recognized as nothovar. andrewsii [C. candidum × C. parviflorum
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyCaricaceae Show Lower Taxa Carica Dumortier Walter C. Holmes Common names: Papaya Family Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment
3 KB (299 words) - 23:32, 5 November 2020
Alismatidae in the Neotropics. Acta Amazon. 15(suppl.): 153--193. Phillips, R. C. and C. P. McRoy, eds. 1980. Handbook of Seagrass Biology: An Ecosystem Perspective
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyAloaceae Show Lower Taxa Aloe Batsch Walter C. Holmes, Heather L. White Common names: Aloe Family Treatment appears in FNA
2 KB (227 words) - 22:17, 5 November 2020
linear or linear-lanceolate, occasionally narrowly oblong-ovate or triangular (C. atrovirens), thick, margins entire or with pair of basal teeth or lobes, farinose
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyPaulowniaceae Show Lower Taxa Paulownia Nakai Craig C. Freeman, Richard K. Rabeler, Wayne J. Elisens Common names: Paulownia Family
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Selsk. Skr. (Trondheim) 1909(5): 6, fig. 10. 1909,. Roxanne I. Hastings, Henk C. Greven Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment on page 242. Mentioned
3 KB (305 words) - 22:25, 5 November 2020
related to Bryaceae, while Leptobryum appears to be closest to Meesiaceae (C. J. Cox and T. A. Hedderson 2003). Roellobryon may also be more closely related
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familyPedaliaceae Show Lower Taxa Ceratotheca, Sesamum R. Brown Richard K. Rabeler, Craig C. Freeman, Wayne J. Elisens Common names: Sesame Family Treatment appears in
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Johnson (C. stricta Aiton), C. cristata Miquel (C. lepidophloia F. Mueller) and Gymnostoma sumatranum (Junghuhn ex de Vriese) L. A. S. Johnson (C. sumatrana
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, D.C, Del., Ill., Ind., Kans., Mich., Minn., Nebr., N.Mex., Nev., Ohio, Okla., Wis., W.Va., Ont., Fla., N.H., Ariz., Tex., La., N.C., Tenn., S.C., Pa
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2013. Origins of Mexican Malpighiaceae. Acta Bot. Mex. 104: 107–156. Davis, C. C. and W. R. Anderson. 2010. A complete generic phylogeny of Malpighiaceae
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A Ampelopsis cordata C Causonis japonica Cissus trifoliata N Nekemias arborea P Parthenocissus quinquefolia V Vitis californica V cont. Vitis labrusca
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Gray) C. K. Schneider Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1: 739. 1906. Christopher S. Campbell, Michael B. Burgess, Kevin R. Cushman, Eric T. Doucette, Alison C. Dibble
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inflated, ovoid to narrowly ovoid, terete or rounded-trigonous (in C. sheldonii, C. hirta) in cross section, usually 10 mm or less, base rounded, apex
5 KB (279 words) - 21:44, 5 November 2020
252–294. Jeffrey, C. 1978. Compositae. In: V. H. Heywood, ed. 1978. Flowering Plants of the World. Oxford. Pp. 263–268. Jeffrey, C. 1995. Compositae systematics
270 KB (5,940 words) - 20:46, 31 January 2022
clavaeformis) Warren L. Wagner Basionym: Oenothera claviformis Torrey & Frémont in J. C. Frémont Rep. Exped. Rocky Mts., 314. 1845 Synonyms: Camissonia claviformis (Torrey
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of both varieties of C. floridus and C. occidentalis. Viable seeds were produced after self-pollinations of plants identified as C. brockianus, but not
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1898 Synonyms: C. applegatei subsp. pallida (Eastwood) T. I. Chuang & Heckard C. applegatei var. pallida (Eastwood) N. H. Holmgren C. breweri var. pallida Eastwood
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Coryphoideae tribeArecaceae tribe Phoeniceae Show Lower Taxa Phoenix Drude in C. F. P. von Martius et al., Flora Brasiliensis 3(2): 279. 1881. Scott Zona Treatment
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Arecoideae tribeArecaceae tribe Caryoteae Show Lower Taxa Caryota Drude in C. F. P. von Martius et al., Flora Brasiliensis 3(2): 278. 1881. Scott Zona Treatment
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zones are C. ×generalis L. H. Bailey and C. ×orchioides L. H. Bailey. The former is apparently a cross between C. indica and C. glauca, or C. iridiflora
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Frangula was also included within Rhamnus by D. Medan and C. Schirarend (2004) and by Chen Y. L. and C. Schirarend (2007), but various other recent treatments
6 KB (414 words) - 20:18, 5 November 2020
Vt., Fla., Wyo., Puerto Rico, N.J., N.Mex., Tex., La., Nebr., Tenn., N.C., S.C., Pa., N.Y., Okla., Alaska, Nev., Va., Colo., Md., Calif., Ala., Ark., Ill
12 KB (1,118 words) - 17:23, 11 May 2021
species, C. neurophora and C. nervina are morphologically very similar, appear to have a recent common origin, and are strongly differentiated from C. jonesii
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Perityle emoryi, Perityle microglossa, Perityle parryi, Perityle vaseyi Sharon C. Yarborough, A. Michael Powell Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment
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olitorius Linnaeus, a salad plant in the East Synonyms: Moluchia Medikus Physodium C. Presl Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 210. Mentioned
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polygonoides to Acanthogonum, which previously included C. rigida and C. corrugata (see below). J. L. Reveal and C. B. Hardham (1989b) considered that taxon to represent
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Koeberlinia spinosa var. wivaggii Zuccarini Flora 15(2, Beibl.): 74. 1832. Gordon C. Tucker Illustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 7. Treatment on page 185
3 KB (228 words) - 18:14, 6 November 2020
racemosa and C. elata of North America, with scaleless seeds, are most closely related to C. biternata (Siebold & Zuccarini) Miquel and C. japonica (Thunberg)
6 KB (401 words) - 22:50, 5 November 2020
(see R. E. G. Pichi-Sermolli 1971 for information on generic synonyms). A. C. Jermy (1986, 1990b) proposed a subgeneric classification similar to that of
6 KB (620 words) - 21:24, 5 November 2020
Castilleja arachnoidea subsp. shastensis Pennell C. eastwoodiana Pennell C. filifolia Eastwood C. payneae Eastwood C. pumicicola Pennell Treatment appears in FNA
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genusClethra speciesClethra alnifolia Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 396. 1753 ,. Gordon C. Tucker, Sean C. Jones Common names: Coastal sweet pepperbush summersweet IllustratedEndemic
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derived from, C. borealis. Clarkia mildrediae subsp. lutescens is probably the direct ancestor of C. stellata. Clarkia mildrediae differs from C. borealis
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ogeche, Nyssa sylvatica, Nyssa ursina Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 1058. 1753. Gordon C. Tucker, Tracy J. Park Common names: Tupelo Etymology: Classical Greek name
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, Mich., Minn., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., Wash., W.Va., Wis., Wyo
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spinosa Zuccarini Flora 15(2, Beibl.): 73. 1832. Gordon C. Tucker Common names: Allthorn junco c rown-of-thorns corona-de-Cristo Etymology: For Christoph
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native, temperate regions, Eurasia. Genus Genera 1, species 1: Anderson, L. C., C. D. Zeis, and S. F. Alam. 1974. Phytogeography and possible origins of Butomus
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as follicular. Dickison, W. C. 1986. Floral morphology and anatomy of Staphyleaceae. Bot. Gaz. 147: 312–326. Dickison, W. C. 1987. Leaf and nodal anatomy
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(Hawaii), Fla., N.Mex., Ala., Ark., N.C., S.C., La., S.Dak., Nev., Puerto Rico, Colo., Virgin Islands, Calif., Idaho, Alta., B.C., Man., Ont., Que., Sask., N.Dak
19 KB (795 words) - 20:07, 22 September 2022
×permixta E. J. Palmer), ser. Molles (for example, C. ×anamesa Sargent, C. ×poliophylla Sargent, C. ×stenosepala Sargent), and ser. Punctatae (J. B. Phipps
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dorsiventrally flattened or not, 0.5–4.5 mm, winged or not winged. x = 9. w, c, se North America, Mexico, West Indies, Central America, South America. Species
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Bryoerythrophyllum inaequalifolium, Bryoerythrophyllum recurvirostrum P. C. Chen Hedwigia 80: 4. 1941 ,. Richard H. Zander Etymology: Greek bryon, moss
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Soderstrom, K.W. Hilu, C.S. Campbell, and M.E. Barkworth (eds.). Grass Systematics and Evolution. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. 473 pp
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genusStewartia Show Lower Taxa Stewartia malacodendron, Stewartia ovata I. Lawson in C. Linnaeus, Sp. Pl. 2: 698. 1753. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 311. 1754 ,. Linda M. Prince
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conspecific, are C. rufina and C. eleusinoides in North America and C. hermannii in Central America. The South American-Australasian C. decidua is also
5 KB (412 words) - 19:35, 6 November 2020
Tayloria splachnoides Hooker J. Sci. Arts (London) 2(3): 144. 1816. Paul C. Marino Etymology: For Thomas Taylor, 1775 – 1848, British bryologist and coauthor
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subcordata Eastwood Leafl. W. Bot. 1: 74. 1933 ,. V. Thomas Parker, Michael C. Vasey, Jon E. Keeley Common names: Brittleleaf manzanita Synonyms: Arctostaphylos
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50. 1898 Synonyms: C. applegatei var. fragilis (Zeile) N. H. Holmgren C. applegatei subsp. pinetorum (Fernald) T. I. Chuang & Heckard C. wherryana Pennell
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synonymized C. californicum under C. mariscus subsp. jamaicense. Most American authors have treated C. jamaicense as distinct from the Eastern Hemisphere C. mariscus
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to dry habitats of northern Africa (C. colocynthis) or southern Africa (C. caffer, C. ecirrhosus, C. lanatus, and C. rehmii), and all are cross-compatible
8 KB (895 words) - 23:22, 5 November 2020
rupestris, Perityle vitreomontana (A. Gray) A. M. Powell Sida 3: 277. 1968. Sharon C. Yarborough, A. Michael Powell Basionym: Laphamia sect. Pappothrix A. Gray
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distachyos Linnaeus f. Supplementum Plantarum 32, 214. 1782 (as distachyon). C. Barre Hellquist, Robert R. Haynes Common names: Cape-pondweed water-hawthorne
3 KB (280 words) - 21:54, 8 December 2021
LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyGleicheniaceae Show Lower Taxa Dicranopteris C. Presl Clifton E. Nauman Common names: Forking Fern Family Treatment appears
3 KB (246 words) - 21:23, 5 November 2020
Campbell, Michael B. Burgess, Kevin R. Cushman, Eric T. Doucette, Alison C. Dibble, Christopher T. Frye Common names: Utah serviceberry or shadbush Illustrated
5 KB (462 words) - 23:54, 5 November 2020
Doucette, Alison C. Dibble, Christopher T. Frye Common names: Cusick’s shadbush Endemic Synonyms: Amelanchier alnifolia var. cusickii (Fernald) C. L. Hitchcock
4 KB (400 words) - 23:54, 5 November 2020
Campbell, Michael B. Burgess, Kevin R. Cushman, Eric T. Doucette, Alison C. Dibble, Christopher T. Frye Common names: Red-twigged shadbush amélanchier
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arctica, Salix cascadensis, Salix petrophila, Salix sphenophylla C. K. Schneider in C. S. Sargent, Pl. Wilson. 3: 136. 1916. George W. Argus Treatment
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Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., Mo., N.C., N.H., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., Nebr., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Va., Vt., W.Va.,
4 KB (375 words) - 17:55, 6 November 2020
L. Nesom & G. I. Baird Phytologia 75: 88. 1993. Lowell E. Urbatsch, Loran C. Anderson, Roland P. Roberts, Kurt M. Neubig Endemic Basionym: Linosyris parryi A
8 KB (439 words) - 19:20, 6 November 2020
torreyi (Fischer & C. A. Meyer) Hoch & K. Gandhi PhytoKeys, 145: 60. 2020. Peter C. Hoch Basionym: Oenothera sect. Pachydium Fischer & C. A. Meyer Index Seminum
5 KB (491 words) - 11:31, 9 May 2022
Molecular data (Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 2003; K. Wurdack et al. 2004; C. C. Davis et al. 2005; Wurdack and Davis 2009; Z. Xi et al. 2012) strongly support
9 KB (777 words) - 20:18, 5 November 2020
Taxa Aponogeton distachyos Linnaeus f. Supplementum Plantarum 32.; 214. 1782. C. Barre Hellquist, Robert R. Haynes Etymology: Greek, from aquatic habitat Treatment
2 KB (112 words) - 21:29, 5 November 2020
& M. E. Lewis Univ. Calif. Publ. Bot. 20: 277. 1955. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Inflorescences: axis recurved at
2 KB (100 words) - 11:32, 9 May 2022
Wen Basionym: Vitis sect. Muscadinia Planchon in A. L. P. P. de Candolle and C. de Candolle, Monogr. Phan. 5: 324. 1887 Synonyms: Muscadenia (Planchon) Small
2 KB (106 words) - 20:17, 5 November 2020
Conn., Del., D.C., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., N.Dak., Ohio, Okla
3 KB (225 words) - 21:30, 5 November 2020
Chamisso Linnaea 4: 203, plate 2, fig. 2. 1829. Staci Markos Etymology: For C. F. Lessing, 1809–1862, German-born botanist, his nephew K. F. Lessing, and
8 KB (524 words) - 20:58, 5 November 2020
Penstemon wrightii G. Don Gen. Hist. 4: 640. 1837. (as Pentstemon) Craig C. Freeman Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 150. Mentioned
7 KB (436 words) - 20:31, 5 November 2020
G. A. Engler, Pflanzenr. 20[IV,38]: 642. 1909. William J. Crins, Robert F. C. Naczi, A. A. Reznicek, Bruce A. Ford Treatment appears in FNA Volume 23. Plants
8 KB (470 words) - 21:38, 5 November 2020
Campbell, Michael B. Burgess, Kevin R. Cushman, Eric T. Doucette, Alison C. Dibble, Christopher T. Frye Common names: Alder-leaved shadbush saskatoon saskatoon
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data (C. R. Bensel and B. F. Palser 1975, 1975b, 1975c, 1975d; B. A. Bohm et al. 1988; M. L. Haskins and W. J. Hayden 1987; L. Hufford and W. C. Dickison
24 KB (2,046 words) - 23:46, 5 November 2020
510. 175. , Gen. Pl. ed. 5, 227. 1754, name conserved. John. H. Wiersema, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Water-lily nymphéa lis d'eau nénuphar blanc
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Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Iowa, Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Md., Mass., Mich., Minn., Miss., Mo., Nebr., N.H., N.Mex., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla
5 KB (465 words) - 21:23, 5 November 2020
Maine, Minn., Mo., Miss., N.C., N.Dak., N.Mex., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., S.Dak., Tenn., Tex., Vt., N.H., Nebr., Alta., B.C., Greenland, Man., N.B., Nfld
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Ind., Ky., La., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., Miss., Mo., N.C., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., Vt., W.Va., Wis. Subspecies 2 (2 in
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Ill., Kans., Ky., La., Maine, Mass., Md., Miss., Mo., N.C., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Ohio, Okla., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va., Vt., W.Va. Subspecies 2 (2 in the
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stramineum; such variants are discussed under these species. W. C. Steere (1941b) described C. aftonianum from fossil material of isolated branches. This is
6 KB (496 words) - 22:36, 5 November 2020
et al. 2004; D. L. Nickrent et al., www.biomedcentral.com/1471-2148-4-40; C. C. Davis et al. 2007). The Indo-Malaysian genera Rafflesia R. Brown, Rhizanthes
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amorphoides subsp. psilophylla Staphylea trifolia Marjorie C. Leggitt Marjorie C. Leggitt Marjorie C. Leggitt
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Hemisphere. The Pinaceae, with a fossil record extending back to the Cretaceous (C.N. Miller Jr. 1988), constitute a clearly defined natural taxon, the basic
9 KB (768 words) - 21:21, 5 November 2020
contribution from the native flora. Variation and intergradation of C. angusta and C. scilloides have been reviewed by T. A. Ranker and A. F. Schnabel (1986)
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and reproductive characters. Putative hybrids reported and described by H. C. Cutler (1939) appear to be products of singular events; these hybrids are
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IllustratedEndemic Synonyms: Baeria chrysostoma Fischer & C. A. Meyer Lasthenia chrysostoma (Fischer & C. A. Meyer) Greene Lasthenia hirsutula Greene Treatment
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Mikania in the sense of W. C. Holmes (1996). Holmes, W. C. 1981. Mikania (Compositae) of the United States. Sida 9: 147–158. Holmes, W. C. 1993. The Genus Mikania
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, P.E.I., Que., Conn., Maine, Md., Mich., Minn., N.H., N.J., N.Y., N.C., Pa., S.C., Vt., Va. Amelanchier intermedia is morphologically closest to A. laevis
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Carolina. Two species are largely allopatric (Crataegus aestivalis and C. opaca) and a third (C. ×rufula) is more or less intermediate between the first two and
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Iris savannarum (Diels) G. H. M. Lawrence Gentes Herb. 8: 362. 1953. Norlan C. Henderson Basionym: Iris subsect. Hexagonae Diels in H. G. A. Engler and K
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species is geographical distribution and habitat, with C. trifoliata being chiefly coastal and tropical and C. incisa being chiefly subtropical and temperate
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Coronaria Guettard Gastrolychnis (Fenzl) Reichenbach Lychnis Linnaeus Melandrium J. C. Röhling Physolychnis (Bentham) Ruprecht Viscaria Bernhardi Wahlbergella Fries
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sexually (C. S. Campbell et al. 1987). Sexual plants of A. bartramiana are self-incompatible diploids; a tetraploid individual has been reported (A. C. Dibble
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surfaces puncticulate. Generated Map Legacy Map B.C., N.B., Ont., Que., Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., D.C., Del., Fla., Ga., Idaho, Ill., Ind., Iowa
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Map Legacy Map B.C., Man., N.B., N.S., Nfld. and Labr. (Nfld.), Ont., P.E.I., Que., Sask., Ala., Ariz., Ark., Calif., Colo., Conn., D.C., Del., Fla., Ga
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morphologic variation in the diploids Chenopodium fremontii, C. neomexicanum, C. palmeri, and C. watsonii. Amer. J. Bot. 75: 97–105. Chenopodium albescens
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Candolle and A. L. P. P. de Candolle, Prodr. 10: 329. 1846. (as Pentstemon) Craig C. Freeman Endemic Synonyms: Penstemon subg. Saccanthera (Bentham) A. Gray Treatment
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Solidago uliginosa (Torrey & A. Gray) G. L. Nesom Phytologia 75: 12. 1993. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Basionym: Maritimae Torrey & A. Gray Fl. N. Amer. 2:
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LAYOUT:treatment:TUOYAL familyBegoniaceae Show Lower Taxa Begonia C. Agardh Luc Brouillet Treatment appears in FNA Volume 6. Treatment on page 61. Mentioned
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Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 343. 1753; Gen. Pl. ed. 5; 160, 1754. Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist Common names: Water-plantain Etymology: ancient Greek name
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Philos. Soc., n. s. 7: 381. 1841 Synonyms: Undefined sect. Baeria Fischer & C. A. Meyer Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 338. Mentioned
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absent; bracteoles persistent. Flowers bisexual (bisexual and pistillate in C. repens), radially symmetric; pedicels very short or well developed; sepals
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Engelmann S. Watson, Botany (Fortieth Parallel), 497. James L. Reveal, Wendy C. Hodgson IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Mentioned on
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wieslanderi Parry Bull. Calif. Acad. Sci. 2: 491. 1887 ,. V. Thomas Parker, Michael C. Vasey, Jon E. Keeley Common names: Common manzanita Endemic Treatment appears
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riddellii, Solidago rigida (House) Semple & Gandhi Sida 21: 756. 2004. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Basionym: Aster sect. Ptarmicoidei House Bull. New
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Idaho, N.H., R.I., Fla., N.J., N.Mex., La., N.C., S.C., Nev., Colo., Alaska, Ala., Ark., Ga., Alta., B.C., Greenland, Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S
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Tex., La., N.C., S.C., Ill., Ohio, Miss., Puerto Rico, Colo., Virgin Islands, Calif., Ala., Ark., Ga., Iowa, Idaho, Md., Utah, Alta., B.C., Man., N.B.
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Wash., Va., Del., D.C, Wis., Alaska, Ala., Ark., Calif., Ga., Mass., Md., Mich., Minn., N.C., N.Dak., N.H., Ohio, Okla., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Vt., W.Va
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the caryopses, oval, x = 5. Conn., N.J., N.Y., Wash., Del., D.C, Wis., W.Va., Alta., B.C., Greenland, Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr., N.S., N.W.T., Nunavut
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to as Calamagrostis stricta subsp. borealis (C. Laest.) Á. Löve & D. Love or C. stricta var. borealis (C. Laest.) Hartm. These intergrade with taller plants;
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E.I., Que., Conn., Del., Ga., Maine, Mass., Md., Mich., N.C., N.H., N.J., N.Y., Pa., R.I., S.C., Tenn., Va., Vt., W.Va., introduced in n Europe. Varieties
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hexapetala, Ludwigia peploides (Linnaeus) Baillon Hist. Pl. 6: 463. 1876. Peter C. Hoch Basionym: Jussiaea Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 388. 1753 Synonyms: Gen. Adenola Rafinesque
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(Ceratophyllaceae), I. Fruit spine variation and relationships of C. demersum, C. submersum, and C. apiculatum. Syst. Bot. 11: 549-558. Les, D. H. 1988b. The
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ser. Dilatatae (C. putnamiana Sargent), ser. Punctatae (C. mansfieldensis Sargent), ser. Tenuifoliae (C. merita Sargent), ser. Populneae (C. xanthophylla
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yampaënsis (Rydberg) Pennell Contr. U.S. Natl. Herb. 20: 325, 328. 1920. Craig C. Freeman Basionym: Penstemon [unranked] Cristati Rydberg Fl. Colorado, 306
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Arnoglossum reniforme, Arnoglossum sulcatum Rafinesque Fl. Ludov., 64. 1817. Loran C. Anderson Common names: Indian plantain Etymology: Greek arnos, lamb, and glossum
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Calif., Del., D.C., Fla., Ga., Ill., Ind., Kans., Ky., La., Md., Miss., Mo., N.J., N.Mex., N.Y., N.C., Ohio, Okla., Oreg., Pa., S.C., Tenn., Tex., Va
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Humboldt et al., Nov. Gen. Sp. 4(fol.): 81. 1818. , 4(qto.): 103. 1820. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Common names: Sticky goldenrod Treatment appears in
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widespread species, C. calyptratus and C. cribrosus, and also C. yukonensis. But C. arctolimnius is muticous to short-awned and C. hartzii has awns not
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tenellus Richard & Engelmann ex A. Gray Manual 460. 1848. Robert R. Haynes, C. Barre Hellquist Etymology: Greek echius, rough husk, and doros, leathern bottle
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subsp. protamericana Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 1: 323. 1753. James L. Reveal, Wendy C. Hodgson Treatment appears in FNA Volume 26. Treatment on page 452. Mentioned
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familyCaricaceae genusCarica speciesCarica papaya Linnaeus Sp. Pl. 2: 1036. 1753. Walter C. Holmes Common names: Papaya papaw pawpaw lechosa IntroducedIllustrated Treatment
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urceolatus Bruch & Schimper Bryol. Europ. 3: 211, plates 288 – 290. 1844. Paul C. Marino Etymology: Greek tetraplo - , fourfold, and odon, tooth, alluding to
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speciesEuphorbia chaetocalyx varietyEuphorbia chaetocalyx var. triligulata (L. C. Wheeler) M. C. Johnston Wrightia 5: 139. 1975. Victor W. Steinmann, Jeffery J. Morawetz
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Maurandya petrophila Coville & C. V. Morton J. Wash. Acad. Sci. 25: 292, fig. [p. 292]. 1935 Synonyms: Asarina petrophila (Coville & C. V. Morton) Pennell Maurandella
3 KB (248 words) - 20:37, 5 November 2020