Search results

although reservations have been expressed concerning its monophyly (Campbell 1985; Jacobs 1987; Kellogg and Campbell 1987). More recent studies, both morphological

35: 155–168. Rohrer, J. R. 1985. A generic revision of the Hylocomiaceae. J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 59: 241–278. Rohrer, J. R. 1985b. A phenetic and phylogenetic

Ohwi, J. 1965. Flora of Japan (in English).... Washington. Terebayashi, S. 1985. The comparative floral anatomy and systematics of the Berberidaceae. I.

the Danthonieae and Arundineae, in the Arundinoideae (e.g., Watson et al. 1985; Clayton and Renvoize 1986; Kellogg and Campbell 1987), but Esen and Hilu

In narrower concepts, such as that of G. K. Brown and G. S. Varadarajan (1985), which rely heavily on chromosome and distribution data, six segregate families

Myoporaceae as distinct from Scrophulariaceae (J. Henrickson and L. D. Flyr 1985). R. G. Olmstead et al. (2001) confirmed this closeness in their molecular

were assigned to the Sinopteridaceae and Pteridaceae by D. B. Lellinger (1985) and were included in five families by R. E. G. Pichi-Sermolli (1977). The

tembloriensis, Clarkia unguiculata (Spach) K. E. Holsinger Taxon 34: 705. 1985. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Basionym: Phaeostoma spach Hist. Nat Vég. 4:

recognition of species. H. A. Crum (1984) and others (R. E. Daniels and A. Eddy 1985; A. L. Andrews 1958, 1959) have adopted more conservative taxonomic concepts

H. T. Clifford, and P. F. Yeo. 1985. The Families of Monocotyledons. Berlin. Haynes, R. R. and L. B. Holm-Nielsen. 1985. A generic treatment of Alismatidae

Peterson et al. 2001; Grass Phylogeny Working Group 2001, but see Campbell 1985). Genera 17.01 to 17.34 correspond to the Eragrostideae and genera 17.35

States: Monocotyledons. Athens, Ga. Haynes, R. R. and L. B. Holm-Nielsen. 1985. A generic treatment of Alismatidae in the Neotropics. Acta Amazôn. 15(suppl

nw Mexico Species ca. 40 (15 in the flora). G. A. Levin and T. W. Mulroy (1985) studied floral morphology, nectar production, and breeding systems in 21

pedicels, has been made at least since the time of Theophrastus (Q. P. Sinnott 1985), and has been supported by molecular data (A. E. Senters and D. E. Soltis

Canad. J. Bot. 62:1864-1870 Aiken, S.G., S.J. Darbyshire and L.P. Lefkovitch. 1985. Restricted taxonomic value of leaf sections in Canadian narrow-leaved Festuca

ptilodon var. caespitosa (Jenman) Lellinger Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash. 98: 387. 1985. A. Murray Evans Basionym: Polypodium pectinatum var. caespitosum Jenman

thus are capable of nitrogen fixation (S. L. Rose 1980; S. G. Conard et al. 1985). Hybridization is widespread in the genus, with at least 44 interspecific

Arctanthemum arcticum (Tzvelev) Tzvelev Novosti Sist. Vyssh. Rast. 22: 274. 1985. Luc Brouillet Etymology: Greek arktos, northern, and anthemon, flower, alluding

present species concepts are largely identical with those of A. Stoneburner (1985) with exceptions as noted. All species of Weissia with sharply inflexed distal

intergradation between species is to be expected. Hardin, J. W. and G. P. Johnson. 1985. Atlas of foliar surface features in woody plants, VIII. Fagus and Castanea

dangerous. This treatment follows the recommendation of Schouten and Veldkamp (1985) in merging what have traditionally be treated as two genera, Anthoxanthum

wetlands, on shores, marshes, or wet tundra. Cayouette, J. and P. Morisset. 1985. Chromosome studies on natural hybrids between maritime species of Carex

placed these same groupings at the subfamily level. R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. (1985) recognized them as separate families, Nolinaceae (Nolina and Dasylirion)

(Polygonaceae) of Arizona and New Mexico. Phytologia 34: 409–484. Reveal, J. L. 1985. An annotated key to Eriogonum (Polygonaceae) of Nevada. Great Basin Naturalist

Phytolaccaceae by numerous authors (e.g., G. K. Brown and G. S. Varadarajan 1985). Achatocarpaceae is distinguished from Phytolaccaceae by a combination of

speciesHolmgrenanthe petrophila (Coville & C. V. Morton) Elisens Syst. Bot. Monogr. 5: 54. 1985. Wayne J. Elisens IllustratedEndemicConservation concern Basionym: Maurandya

record of the Styracaceae extends back to the early Eocene (B. H. Tiffney 1985). In the present treatment, calyx dimensions include the hypanthium, whereas

one (A. Eddy 1988+, vol. 2) to four (D. H. Vitt 1982) to eight (H. Robinson 1985). Because of its peculiar peristome, Octoblepharum is placed in the Octoblepharaceae

Taxa Holmgrenanthe petrophila Elisens Syst. Bot. Monogr. 5: 54, fig. 24. 1985. Wayne J. Elisens Common names: Rocklady EndemicConservation concern Etymology:

Show Lower Taxa Mabrya acerifolia Elisens Syst. Bot. Monogr. 5: 57, fig. 26. 1985. Wayne J. Elisens Conservation concern Etymology: For Tom J. Mabry, 1932–2015

compacta seed. Nature 232: 568--570. Maas, P. J. M. 1985. 195. Cannaceae. In: A. R. A. Görts-van Rijn, ed. 1985+. Flora of the Guianas. Series A: Phanerogams

chenopods.” P. G. Wilson (1984, 1987) came to the same conclusion. W. A. Weber (1985) adopted the name Teloxys Moquin-Tandon for the group of “glandular” taxa

species, H. tayloriae (C. A. Raine et al. 1991). D. B. Lellinger (1985) and G. R. Proctor (1985) have considered the South Carolina sporophyte to be Hymenophyllum

Chrysopsis, and Heterotheca as separate genera. Semple and F. D. Bowers (1985) monographed the genus; their treatment is followed here. Semple and Bowers

lenticularis var. lipocarpa (Holm) L. A. Standley Syst. Bot. Monogr. 7: 67. 1985. Lisa A. Standley, Jacques Cayouette, Leo Bruederle IllustratedEndemic Basionym:

lenticularis var. impressa (L. H. Bailey) L. A. Standley Syst. Bot. Monogr. 7: 65. 1985. Lisa A. Standley, Jacques Cayouette, Leo Bruederle IllustratedEndemic Basionym:

speciesEntodontopsis leucostega (Bridel) W. R. Buck & Ireland Nova Hedwigia 41: 103. 1985. William R. Buck, Robert R. Ireland Jr. Illustrated Basionym: Leskea leucostega Bridel

lenticularis var. dolia (M. E. Jones) L. A. Standley Syst. Bot. Monogr. 7: 62. 1985. Lisa A. Standley, Jacques Cayouette, Leo Bruederle IllustratedEndemic Basionym:

Freeman Basionym: Undefined sect. Rubrivena M. Král Preslia 57: 65, fig. 1. 1985 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 5. Treatment on page 580. Mentioned on page

and L. Steindl. 1985. Alkaloids of Lolium temulentum: Isolation, identification and pharmacological activity. Pi. Med. (Stuttgart) 1985:212-214 Dore, W

mixtures of individuals of different euploid levels (M. A. Lane 1985). Lane, M. A. 1985. Taxonomy of Gutierrezia (Compositae: Astereae) in North America

persistent styles (beaks) and stigmas. All chromosome accounts published to 1985 are given by C. D. K. Cook and M. S. Nicholls (1986). Sparganium is sometimes

(Saxifragaceae). Canad. J. Bot. 62: 33–37. Gornall, R. J. and B. A. Bohm. 1985. A monograph of Boykinia, Peltoboykinia, Bolandra and Suksdorfia (Saxifragaceae)

sporophytes in the southern Appalachians. Science 155: 1266--1267. Farrar, D. R. 1985. Independent fern gametophytes in the wild. Proc. Roy. Soc. Edinburgh, B

the genus. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 8: 55–226. Robson, N. K. B. 1985. Studies in the genus Hypericum L. (Guttiferae) 8. Sections 29. Brathys (part

speciesAcmella pusilla (Hooker & Arnott) R. K. Jansen Syst. Bot. Monogr. 8: 46. 1985. John L. Strother Introduced Basionym: Spilanthes pusilla Hooker & Arnott

var. austrofloridensis Whetstone Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 72: 545, fig. 2. 1985 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 8. Treatment on page 242. Shrubs, to 2 m

included in many lists of poisonous plants (e.g., K. F. Lampe and M. A. McCann 1985; G. A. Mulligan and D. B. Munro 1990; K. D. Perkins and W. W. Payne 1978)

allozyme data to circumscribe species (R. M. Bateman and I. Denholm 1983, 1985, 1989; M. Hédren 1996), and DNA sequences and chromosome studies to determine

using only classical cytogenetic techniques. Barkworth, M.E. and D.R. Dewey. 1985. Genomically based genera in the perennial Triticeae of North America: Identification

organensis (Munz) W. Dietrich, P. H. Raven & W. L. Wagner Syst. Bot. 10: 39. 1985. Warren L. Wagner Basionym: Oenothera sect. Emersonia Munz in N. L. Britton

Takahashi 2000; H. Kato et al. 1996; T. Nakai 1937, 1937b; N. S. Lee 1985, 1985b). Generic size further depends on inclusion or not of the closely related

introduced. Some are considered to be pan-tropical roadside weeds. Fryxell, P. A. 1985. Sidus sidarum V. The North and Central American species of Sida. Sida 11:

sectionQuercus sect. Lobatae speciesQuercus buckleyi Nixon & Dorr Taxon 34: 225. 1985. Kevin C. Nixon Common names: Buckley's oak EndemicIllustrated Treatment

subsequent adjustments proposed by E. Janchen (1942) and Al-Shehbaz (1984, 1985, 1985b, 1986, 1987, 1988, 1988b, 1988c). Some of the tribes (e.g., Brassiceae

Arundineae. The tribe used to be interpreted more broadly (e.g., Watson et al. 1985; Clayton and Renvoize 1986; Kellogg and Campbell 1987), but the broader interpretation

species ca. 90 (6 in the flora). Although W. R. Buck and R. R. Ireland (1985) included only the genus Plagiothecium in Plagiotheciaceae, several bryologists

treatments in most recent floras, since the convergence of morphologic (J. Soják 1985[1989], 2008) and molecular (T. Eriksson et al. 1998, 2003; C. Dobeš and J

is something of a taxonomist's nightmare" (C. D. K. Cook and K. Urmi-König 1985). The few collections referable to the name are exceedingly variable, so

Kishore et al. 2004), morphology and physiology (e.g., S. Krebs and S. K. Jain 1985), and cultivation requirements. Limnanthes alba is the obligate host for

be more closely allied to Podostemaceae. The work of A. E. Orchard (1975, 1985) has been important in circumscribing the family. Molecular phylogenetic

genusTillandsia speciesTillandsia ×smalliana H. Luther Phytologia 57:176. 1985. Harry E. Luther, Gregory K. Brown Treatment appears in FNA Volume 22. Plants

genusEupatorium speciesEupatorium godfreyanum Cronquist Brittonia 37: 238, fig. 1. 1985. Kunsiri Chaw Siripun, Edward E. Schilling Common names: Godfrey’s thoroughwort

Sundberg† Basionym: Aster subsect. Chapmaniani Semple Phytologia 58: 429. 1985 Synonyms: Eurybia sect. Chapmaniani (Semple) G. L. Nesom Treatment appears

familyNajadaceae genusNajas speciesNajas filifolia R. R. Haynes Brittonia 37: 392. 1985. Robert R. Haynes IllustratedEndemicConservation concern Treatment appears

Lower Taxa Oenothera havardii W. L. Wagner Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 71: 1122. 1985. Warren L. Wagner Treatment appears in FNA Volume 10. Herbs perennial, caulescent;

scopulorum var. prionophylla (Holm) L. A. Standley Syst. Bot. Monogr. 7: 86. 1985. Lisa A. Standley, Jacques Cayouette, Leo Bruederle IllustratedEndemic Basionym:

distinctive feature, separating it from similar sympatric species. G. S. Ringius (1985) did a detailed multivariate analysis of the S. spathulata/S. simplex complex

studies (D. E. Giannasi 1986; F. P. Petersen and D. E. Fairbrothers 1983, 1985) suggest affinities with Simaroubaceae in Rutales. Abbe, E. C. and T. T.

Talinum teretifolium. Bot. Gaz. 133: 405–410. Carter, M. E. B. and W. H. Murdy. 1985. Systematics of Talinum parviflorum Nutt. and the origin of T. teretifolium

Lindman was introduced into a wildlife pond in Mahoning County, Ohio, in 1985 and continues to persist (C. F. Chuey, in litt. 1991). Regnellidium is similar

appearance of sporophyte but the capsules are cleistocarpic. Rushing, A. E. 1985. Spore morphology in the genus Bruchia Schwaegr. (Musci). Amer. J. Bot. 72:

1955. Taxonomic studies in the Funariaceae. Bryologist 58: 1–15. Fife, A. J. 1985. A generic revision of the Funariaceae (Bryophyta: Musci). Part 1. J. Hattori

nomenclatural changes in Mexican Tillandsia---I. Selbyana 7: 361--379. Luther, H. E. 1985. Notes on hybrid tillandsias in Florida. Phytologia 57: 175--176. Tillandsia

antidote, and treatment for schistosomiasis (J. A. Duke and E. S. Ayensu 1985; W. Erhardt 1992; Hu S. Y. 1968). In Asia, flowers (buds and perianths),

Ptilomeris speciesLasthenia maritima (A. Gray) M. C. Vasey Madroño 32: 139. 1985. Raymund Chan, Robert Ornduff† Common names: Maritime or seaside goldfields

canescens (Torrey & Frémont) W. L. Wagner Ann. Missouri Bot. Gard. 71: 1124. 1985. Warren L. Wagner Basionym: Oenothera subg. Gauropsis Torrey & Frémont in

genusTillandsia speciesTillandsia ×floridana (L. B. Smith) H. Luther Phytologia 57:175. 1985. Harry E. Luther, Gregory K. Brown Basionym: Tillandsia fasciculata var.

Bull. Jard. Bot. Natl. Belg. 43: 1--2, 193--233. Bruggen, H. W. E. van. 1985. Monograph of the Genus Aponogeton (Aponogetonaceae). Stuttgart. Aponogeton

changes and other comments. Phytologia 74:1-25 Cheeke, P.R. and L.R. Shull. 1985. Natural Toxicants in Feeds and Poisonous Plants. AVI Publishing Company

subsections (predominantly by J. O. Hagström 1916; see also R. R. Haynes 1975, 1985 for in-depth coverage of three subsections). After studying thousands of

Melanthioideae (J. D. Ambrose 1985), Tecophilaeaceae (R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. 1985), or Nartheciaceae (W. B. Zomlefer 1997). Ambrose, J. D. 1985. Lophiola, familial

alpinum var. fragile (Bryhn) D. G. Long Meddel. Grønland, Biosci. 17: 30. 1985,. Gary L. Smith Merrill Basionym: Polytrichum fragile Bryhn Bryoph. Itin

genusBetula speciesBetula murrayana B. V. Barnes & Dancik Canad. J. Bot. 63: 226. 1985. John J. Furlow Common names: Murray's birch Conservation concernEndemic

commonly cultivated species. But, P.P.-H., L.-C. Chia, H.-L.F., and S.-Y. Hu. 1985. Hong Kong Bamboos. Urban Council, Hong Kong. 85 pp. Dransfield, S. and E

Papaver in North America north of Mexico. Rhodora 77: 410-422. Kiger, R. W. 1985. Revised sectional nomenclature in Papaver L. Taxon 34: 150-152. Novák, J

bilateral symmetry in Moringaceae. Amer. J. Bot. 90: 49–71. Verdcourt, B. 1985. A synopsis of the Moringaceae. Kew Bull. 40: 1–-23. Moringa window.prop

Sea-grasses of the World. Amsterdam. Haynes, R. R. and L. B. Holm-Nielsen. 1985. A generic treatment of Alismatidae in the Neotropics. Acta Amazon. 15(suppl

anatomical, and embryological evidence (D. H. Campbell 1930; J. E. Armstrong 1985). Molecular phylogenetic evidence showed that it does not belong with Bignoniaceae

Sea-grasses of the World. Amsterdam. Haynes, R. R. and L. B. Holm-Nielsen. 1985. A generic treatment of the Alismatidae in the Neotropics. Acta Amazon. 15(suppl

H. Wagner Jr. 1954; D. M. Smith and D. A. Levin 1963; C. R. Werth et al. 1985). The sterile diploid form of A. bradleyi has been collected twice in nature

scales in 2 series. x = 5. Tex. Species 1. Thurovia was treated by M. A. Lane (1985) within Gutierrezia; data of Y. Suh and B. B. Simpson (1990) indicated it

x = 13, 18, 21. w North America. Species 2 (2 in the flora). G. A. Allen (1985, 1986) demonstrated the hybrid origin of the allopolyploid Symphyotrichum

the United States. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 116(2): 164-173. Nooteboom, J. P. 1985. Notes on Magnoliaceae. Blumea 31: 65-121. Praglowski, J. 1974. Magnoliaceae

tetraploids (Cruise; W. A. Robinson and C. R. Partanen 1980; Campbell et al. 1985; A. C. Dibble et al. 1998; M. B. Burgess et al., unpubl.). Ploidy levels

areas. Species ca. 21 (2 in the flora). The recent revision by N. Nishimura (1985) provides a standard reference for this large genus of difficult to distinguish

rank has yet to be determined. Species 1(–3) (1 in the flora). Watson, F. D. 1985. The nomenclature of pondcypress and baldcypress. Taxon 34: 506--509. Taxodium

tropical regions. Species 20 (1 in the flora). Wagner, W. H. Jr. and V. Quevedo. 1985. Polymorphism in Actinostachys pennula (Swartz) Hooker and the taxonomic

oily smoke from burning wood of Koeberlinia (R. S. Felger and M. B. Moser 1985). None. Koeberlinia spinosa window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"family"

representative of the superorder Arecanae, order Arecales (R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. 1985; R. F. Thorne 1992b). Morphologically the family is diverse and complex (see

Gerish (1979), who reported it for S. foliosa, but Spicher and Josselyn (1985) demonstrated that the plants he worked with were almost certainly S. densiflora

subspeciesArtemisia laciniata subsp. parryi (A. Gray) W. A. Weber Phytologia 58: 382. 1985. Leila M. Shultz Common names: Parry sagewort Endemic Basionym: Artemisia

Madia doris-nilesiae T. W. Nelson & J. P. Nelson Brittonia 37: 394, fig. 1. 1985 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 21. Treatment on page 299. Mentioned on page

varietyVenturiella sinensis var. angusti-annulata Griffin Phytologia 57: 58. 1985,. Ronald A. Pursell, Bruce H. Allen Treatment appears in FNA Volume 27. Treatment

Primula domensis Kass & S. L. Welsh Great Basin Naturalist 45: 548, fig. 1. 1985 Synonyms: Primula cusickiana subsp. domensis (Kass & S. L. Welsh) Halda Treatment

genusMabrya speciesMabrya acerifolia (Pennell) Elisens Syst. Bot. Monogr. 5: 58. 1985. Wayne J. Elisens Common names: Brittlestem IllustratedEndemicConservation

thompsonii N. D. Atwood & S. L. Welsh Great Basin Naturalist 45: 485, fi g. 1. 1985 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 4. Treatment on page 495. Mentioned on page

porophila (F. E. Lloyd & L. Underwood) Holub Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 20: 76. 1985. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Joseph M. Beitel Basionym: Lycopodium porophilum F

rare north of the tree line and absent from the high Arctic (D. G. Long 1985) Generated Map Legacy Map Greenland, Alta., B.C., Man., N.B., Nfld. and Labr

speciesSphaeralcea polychroma La Duke SouthW. Naturalist 30: 433, fig. 1. 1985. John La Duke Common names: Hot Springs globemallow Treatment appears in

speciesHuperzia haleakalae (Brackenridge) Holub Folia Geobot. Phytotax. 20: 73. 1985. Warren H. Wagner Jr., Joseph M. Beitel Common names: Alpine fir-moss Basionym:

speciesErythronium elegans P. C. Hammond & K. L. Chambers Madroño 32: 49, fig. 1. 1985. Geraldine A. Allen, Kenneth R. Robertson Common names: Elegant fawn-lily

blainei S. L. Welsh & K. H. Thorne Great Basin Naturalist 45: 553, fig. 1. 1985. Kenneth D. Heil, J. Mark Porter Common names: Blaine fishhook cactus EndemicConservation

numerous people, including researchers studying this species” (G. K. Rogers 1985). Poke antiviral proteins are of great interest for their broad, potent antiviral

University of Karachi, Islamabad and Karachi, Pakistan. 678 pp. Davis, P.H. 1985. Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, vol. 9. Edinburgh University

Fernández 1997; Fernández and Arbo 2000; J. S. Shore and S. C. H. Barrett 1985; V. G. Solís Neffa and Fernández 2000). None. Turnera ulmifolia var. ulmifolia

of western North America. Proc. Wash. Acad. Sci. 12: 275–281. Long, D. G. 1985. Polytrichaceae. In: G. S. Mogensen, ed. Illustrated moss flora of arctic

Species Ca. 45 (6 in the flora with 5 native, 1 introduced) Johnson, D. M. 1985. New records for longevity of Marsilea sporocarps. Amer. Fern J. 75: 30--31

species. Pl. Life 18: 48–50. Wunderlin, R. P., B. F. Hansen, and D. W. Hall. 1985. The vascular flora of central Florida: Taxonomic and nomenclatural changes

den Betulaceae. Flora 170: 91--113. Petersen, F. P. and D. E. Fairbrothers. 1985. A serotaxonomic appraisal of the "Amentiferae." Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 112:

the broad sense, as traditionally circumscribed) (R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. 1985). More recently, molecular and morphological studies by L. R. Caddick et

14+ vols. Canberra. Vol. 3, pp. 100-174. Woodall, S. L. and T. F. Geary. 1985. Identity of Florida casuarinas. Res. Notes S E, U.S. Forest Serv. 332: 1-10

in the flora). Described as “debatably phytolaccaceous” by G. K. Rogers (1985), Gisekia has been referred also to Aizoaceae, Molluginaceae, and even Portulacaceae—and

grandiflora have been reported from Washington (D. E. Soltis and B. A. Bohm 1985). The Cowlitz Indians applied a poultice of fresh leaves to boils and the

Basionym: Haplopappus graniticus Tiehm & L. M. Schultz Brittonia 37: 165, fig. 1. 1985 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on page 184. Mentioned on page

a separate family, Alliaceae, by most recent authors (R. Dahlgren et al. 1985; K. Rahn 1998; A. L. Takhtajan 1997; R. F. Thorne 1992). Old World species

substrate preferences of the species, see E. O. Beal (1977), T. C. Brayshaw (1985), C. D. K. Cook and M. S. Nicholls (1986, 1987), and G. E. Crow and C. B

southeastern United States. VI. Miscellaneous genera. Sida 7: 1-12. Pellmyr, O. 1985. The pollination biology of Actaea pachypoda and A. rubra (including A. erythrocarpa)

is based on characters that do not justify generic rank. In fact, K. Tan (1985) found that T. pumilum (Vahl) Schinz & Thellung could not be considered generically

Aronson, J. K. 1986. An Account of the Foxglove and Its Medicinal Uses, 1785–1985. Oxford. Werner, K. 1965. Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Gattungen Isoplexis

antimicrobial peptides called thionins are present in P. pubera (L. P. Vernon et al. 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Pyrularia"

unstable clay banks. J. Bryol. 25: 241–245. Shaw, A. J. and B. H. Allen. 1985. Anatomy and morphology of the peristome in Discelium nudum (Musci: Disceliaceae)

C. 1948. Braya in boreal eastern America. Rhodora 50: 1–15. Harris, J. G. 1985. A Revision of the Genus Braya (Cruciferae) in North America. Ph.D. thesis

howellii, A. parlinii, and A. rosea polyploid agamic complexes (Bayer 1985, 1985b, 1990b). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"

1932; M. Tamura 1963, 1968, 1993). Recent workers (H. Tobe and R. C. Keating 1985; A. L. Takhtajan 1987), however, have assigned Hydrastis to its own family

R.L. Pederson. 1985. Management of Whitetop (Scolochloa festucacea) Marshes for Livestock Forage and Wildlife. Technical Bulletin 1-1985. Delta Waterfowl

Rhytidiadelphus, and Rhytidiopsis, and included in Hylocomiaceae by J. R. Rohrer (1985) and others, the cladistic analysis by Buck and Vitt placed it as the sister

Species 2 (2 in the flora). Both the monograph by R. J. Gornall and B. A. Bohm (1985) and the molecular systematic work of D. E. Soltis et al. (1993) support

Proceedings of the Workshop on Azolla Use. Fuzhou, Fujian, China, 31 March--5 April 1985. Los Banos, Laguna, Philippines. Pp. 77--87. Hall, J. W. 1974. Cretaceous

cycloptera Schotsman, the filament arises from the pedicel (H. D. Schotsman 1985). Callitriche fassettii, C. hermaphroditica, C. stenoptera, and C. transvolgensis

Pennell 1920b) or one variable species as treated herein. M. K. W. Latady (1985) found clinal variation in most morphologic characters used to distinguish

1980; W. B. Zomlefer 1997b) or the Uvulariaceae of R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. (1985) or the Convallariaceae of A. L. Takhtajan (1980, 1997), but with the east

California, U.S.A. 229 pp. But, P.P.H., J. Kagan, V. Crosby, and J.S. Shelly. 1985. Rediscovery and reproductive biology of Pleuropogon oregonus (Poaceae).

erect to suberect or slightly asymmetric. LaFarge-England, C. and D. H. Vitt. 1985. A taxonomic study of Tayloria hornschuchii and T. froelichiana in North

Sabalinae genusSabal speciesSabal miamiensis Zona Brittonia 37: 366, figs. 1–2. 1985. Scott Zona Common names: Miami palmetto EndemicConservation concern Treatment

which is variously reported as tumor-causing or tumor-inhibiting (J. A. Duke 1985). The leaves of many species are eaten by pipe-vine swallowtail butterflies

American species possessing a normal alternation of generations (D. R. Farrar 1985, 1992). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Trichomanes"

sectionCarex sect. Laxiflorae speciesCarex manhartii Bryson Castanea 50: 15, fig. 1. 1985. Charles T. Bryson, Robert F. C. Naczi IllustratedEndemic Treatment appears

acidic to basic peaty sites, hummocks, meadows and wet tundra (D. G. Long 1985) Elevation: moderate to high elevations Generated Map Legacy Map Greenland

aspera var. adenolepis (Fernald) Semple & F. D. Bowers Rev. Pityopsis, 18. 1985. John C. Semple Endemic Basionym: Chrysopsis adenolepis Fernald Rhodora 44:

graminifolia var. aequilifolia F. D. Bowers & Semple Phytologia 58: 430. 1985. John C. Semple Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume 20. Treatment on

tembloriensis subsp. calientensis (Vasek) K. E. Holsinger Syst. Bot. 10: 157. 1985. Harlan Lewis†, Peter C. Hoch Common names: Vasek’s clarkia Basionym: Clarkia

stanfordiana subsp. raichei W. Knight Four Seasons 7(3): 18, fig. p. 20. 1985 ,. V. Thomas Parker, Michael C. Vasey, Jon E. Keeley Common names: Raiche’s

speciesCtenidium schofieldii N. Nishimura J. Hattori Bot. Lab. 58: 27, fig. 10. 1985. Richard H. Zander EndemicIllustrated Treatment appears in FNA Volume 28

varietyAllium obtusum var. conspicuum Mortola & McNeal Aliso 11: 33, fig. 7. 1985. Dale W. McNeal Jr., T. D. Jacobsen Endemic Treatment appears in FNA Volume

description of one new species. Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 22: 36–43. Churchill, S. P. 1985b. The systematics and biogeography of Scouleria Hook. (Musci: Scouleriaceae)

(very general) description of Leontodon taraxacum Linnaeus. A. J. Richards (1985) typified T. officinale, via L. taraxacum, on a specimen that is apparently

Species of Salvinia are known to escape in various regions (G. R. Proctor 1985). I have seen only three fertile specimens of Salvinia minima, all from Florida

distinctive karyotype, with x = 9 rather large chromosomes. H. R. Toelken (1985) further recognized two segregates, Adromischus Lemaire and Tylocodon Toelken

been variously denominated interpreted. We follow R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. (1985), who considered the fruits to be schizocarps with 1-seeded mericarps. Although

Dicranopteris flexuosa appears to be a natural element in the flora (J. R. Burkhalter 1985; R. Moyroud and C. E. Nauman 1989). Plants may not persist very long, however

America. M.S. thesis. University of Guelph. Loconte, H. and W. H. Blackwell. 1985. Intrageneric taxonomy of Caulophyllum (Berberidaceae). Rhodora 87: 463-469

similar A. myriophyllum (Swartz) C. Presl of the West Indies (D. B. Lellinger 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Asplenium"

Hist. Nat. Montevideo, ser. 2, 7: 1–147. Matthews, J. F. and P. A. Levins. 1985. The genus Portulaca in the southeastern United States. Castanea 50: 96–104

been the subject of extensive study (e.g., J. D. Thomson and D. A. Stratton 1985; J. D. Thomson and B. A. Thomson 1989). The oligolectic bee Andrena erythronii

which has also been recognized at the family level (R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. 1985; J. Hutchinson 1973; A. L. Takhtajan 1997). Tacca J. R. Forster & G. Forster

1983; W.A. Watts 1983; V.M. Bryant Jr. and R.G. Holloway 1985; R.B. Davis and G.L. Jacobson Jr. 1985; P.A. Delcourt and H.R. Delcourt 1987, 1987b; G.L. Jacobson

Hellquist 1981), mostly in the interior in British Columbia (T. C. Brayshaw 1985), and in coastal and interior sites from Washington to Baja California. It

and Their Allies. Toronto. Taylor, W. C., N. T. Luebke, and M. B. Smith. 1985. Speciation and hybridization in North American quillworts. Proc. Roy. Soc

The genus Nephrolepis in Florida. Amer. Fern J. 71: 35--40. Nauman, C. E. 1985. A Systematic Revision of the Neotropical Species of Nephrolepis Schott.

leaves and more truncate to cordate (versus cuneate) leaf bases. Jansen, R. K. 1985. The systematics of Acmella (Asteraceae–Heliantheae). Syst. Bot. Monogr.

species in Canna, but that number has now been reduced to ten (P. J. M. Maas 1985; P. J. M. Maas and H. Maas 1988) based mainly on new concepts of biogeographical

chromosome numbers and flavonoid compositions of the varieties. D. B. Lellinger (1985) separated the genus into at least two species based on morphology, recognizing

Ceratophyllum demersum. Stud. Nat. Hist. Iowa Univ. 13: 11-55. Les, D. H. 1985. The taxonomic significance of plumule morphology in Ceratophyllum (Ceratophyllaceae)

has been included in both Agave and Polianthes in other floras. Pina L., I. 1985–1986. Consideraciones sobre el género Manfreda. Cact. Suc. Mex. 30: 27–32

two species have also been used for medicinal purposes (I. A. Al-Shehbaz 1985). In addition to being noxious weeds, some species of Brassica are harmful

1--102. Haufler, C. H., M. D. Windham, D. M. Britton, and S. J. Robinson. 1985. Triploidy and its evolutionary significance in Cystopteris protrusa. Canad

Rasmussen. 1999+. Genera Orchidacearum. 1+ vol. Oxford. Rasmussen, F. N. 1985. Orchids. In: R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. 1995. The Families of the Monocotyledons:

Stockhouse & W. M. Klein Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 12: 84. 1985. Warren L. Wagner Common names: St. Anthony Dunes evening primrose Basionym:

speciesWeissia phascopsis R. H. Zander Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 11: 196. 1985,. Richard H. Zander Basionym: Gymnostomum phascoides Drummond Musc. Amer

varietyEriogonum umbellatum var. juniporinum Reveal Great Basin Naturalist 45: 279. 1985. James L. Reveal Common names: Juniper sulphur flower Endemic Treatment appears

nemoralis subsp. decemflora (de Candolle) Brammall ex Semple Phytologia 58: 430. 1985. John C. Semple, Rachel E. Cook Endemic Basionym: Solidago decemflora de

pseudopectinatus N. P. Taylor Gen. Echin ocereus, 120, figs. A–C (p. 119). 1985 Synonyms: Echinocereus scopulorum subsp. pseudopectinatus (N. P. Taylor)

genusParonychia speciesParonychia ahartii Ertter Madroño 32: 87, fig. 1. 1985. Ronald L. Hartman, John W. Thieret, Richard K. Rabeler Common names: Ahart’s

varietyEriogonum umbellatum var. furcosum Reveal Great Basin Naturalist 45: 278. 1985. James L. Reveal Common names: Sierra Nevada sulphur flower Endemic Treatment

graminifolia var. tenuifolia (Torrey) Semple & F. D. Bowers Rev. Pityopsis, 24. 1985. John C. Semple Endemic Basionym: Inula graminifolia var. tenuifolia Torrey

graminifolia var. latifolia (Fernald) Semple & F. D. Bowers Rev. Pityopsis, 28. 1985. John C. Semple Basionym: Chrysopsis graminifolia var. latifolia Fernald

varietyPityopsis graminifolia var. tracyi (Small) Semple Phytologia 58: 430. 1985. John C. Semple Endemic Basionym: Chrysopsis tracyi Small Fl. S.E. U.S.,

southern Appalachian range (M. E. B. Carter and W. H. Murdy 1985; W. H. Murdy and M. E. B. Carter 1985, 2001). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"

South America. A. F. Clewell (1985) incorrectly gave the petal color of P. amilis as yellow. J. F. Matthews and P. A. Levins (1985) traced the spread of the

Raleigh. [North Carolina Agric. Exp. Sta. Techn. Bull. 247.] Brayshaw, T. C. 1985. Pondweeds and Bur-reeds, and Their Relatives: Aquatic Families of Vascular

M. De Jong, and B. M. Pavlik. 1985. Marine beach and dune plant communities. In: B. F. Chabot and H. A. Mooney, eds. 1985. Physiological Ecology of North

in the restricted sense of V. F. Brotherus (1908, 1925) and J. R. Rohrer (1985). None. Leptohymenium sharpii window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"family"

species including A. plantaginifolia, A. racemosa, and A. solitaria (Bayer 1985b; Bayer and D. J. Crawford 1986). A. Cronquist (1945; H. A. Gleason and Cronquist

Pacific Islands (Philippines). Species 20 (1 in the flora). Higuchi, M. 1985. A taxonomic revision of the genus Gollania Broth. (Musci). J. Hattori Bot

monotypic subsect. Xantianae within sect. Phaeostoma by K. E. Holsinger (1985), based mainly on its unusual 2-lobed petals with a tooth in the sinus. Molecular

= 10. Introduced; South Africa. Species 3 (1 in the flora). De Vos, M. P. 1985. Revision of the South African genus Chasmanthe (Iridaceae). S. African J

diarrhea, boils, bilious attacks, headache, and joint pain (H. M. Burkill 1985; K. R. Kirtikar and B. D. Basu 1935; A. K. Tripathi 1988). K. M. Alikutty

produced in both species. The best recent treatment is that of D. G. Long (1985), who examined an extensive series of collections from arctic America. None

Sedella Fourreau was not validly published. However, Á. Löve and D. Löve (1985) have used “Sedella” in the sense of Fourreau. Moran, R. V. 1998. The genus

show greater overall similarity to those of Rhytidiadelphus (J. R. Rohrer 1985b). None. Loeskeobryum brevirostre window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"family"

cells collenchymatous; and spores 7–9 µm. Buck, W. R. and R. R. Ireland. 1985. A reclassification of the Plagiotheciaceae. Nova Hedwigia 41: 89–125. Grout

usually flower in response to rain or flooding. Calaway, M.L. and J.W. Thieret. 1985. Amphibromus scabrivalvis (Gramineae) in Louisiana. Sida 11:207-214 Jacobs

observations of E. diandra are from the Connecticut River in Massachusetts (1985) and Oneida Lake in New York (1968; A. Haines 2001). None. None. window.

neglecta, A. plantaginifolia, A. racemosa, and A. virginica (see R. J. Bayer 1985). Antennaria marginata may also be a minor contributor to the origins of

glossy and the leaves are variably costate. Also, according to L. R. Stark (1985), paraphyses are present in the perichaetia of Forsstroemia but absent in

pollination (E. G. Linsley et al. 1963b; D. P. Gregory 1964; W. L. Wagner et al. 1985; D. Artz et al. 2010), and small-flowered species (O. brandegeei and O. cavernae)

Luis Potosí, south to 22° N latitude (J.A. MacMahon and F.H. Wagner 1985; P.S. Nobel 1985). West of the Chihuahuan Desert is the Sonoran Desert (fig. 5.9)

Basionym: Mimulus norrisii Heckard & Shevock Madroño 32: 179, figs. 1, 2. 1985 Treatment appears in FNA Volume 17. Treatment on page 405. Mentioned on page

speciesErigeron procumbens (Houstoun ex Miller) G. L. Nesom Sida 11: 249. 1985. Guy L. Nesom Common names: Corpus Christi fleabane Illustrated Basionym:

Hart, H. 1985b. Sexual reproduction and hybridization in Sedum telephium (Crassulaceae). Acta Bot. Neerl. 34: 1–4. Hart, H. and J. van Arkel. 1985. Quantitative

flooded situations, sedge meadows, wet tundra and lake shores (D. G. Long 1985) Generated Map Legacy Map Greenland, Nfld. and Labr. (Labr.), N.W.T., Nunavut

Eucycla speciesEriogonum tiehmii Reveal Great Basin Naturalist 45: 277. 1985. James L. Reveal Common names: Tiehm’s wild buckwheat EndemicConservation

speciesPenstemon pinorum L. M. Shultz & J. S. Shultz Brittonia 37: 98, fig. 1. 1985. Craig C. Freeman Common names: Pine Valley beardtongue EndemicConservation

Saccanthera speciesPenstemon floribundus Danley Brittonia 37: 321, figs. 1, 2. 1985. Craig C. Freeman Common names: Cordelia beardtongue EndemicConservation

Caryophylloideae genusSilene speciesSilene nachlingerae Tiehm Brittonia 37: 344, fig. 1. 1985. John K. Morton Common names: Nachlinger’s or Jan’s catchfly EndemicConservation

distinctive Hylotelephium anacampseros Linnaeus of southern Europe, H. ’t Hart (1985) found only four whorls of traces and found evidence that this pattern derived

and subsequently segregated in its own family, Donrichardsiaceae (R. Ochyra 1985). According to S. Huttunen et al. (2006) and Huttunen and M. S. Ignatov (2010)

Taxonomic studies in Eremopyrum (Poaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 11:271-285 Melderis, A. 1985. Eremopyrum (Ledeb.) Jaub. & Spach. Pp. 227-231 in P.H. Davis (ed.). Flora

and genetically isolated taxa treated here as subspecies. D. B. Lellinger (1985) recognized three species in this difficult group, but isozyme analyses (G

oils and seed proteins, thus supporting their maintenance (I. A. Al-Shehbaz 1985). Molecular studies (S. I. Warwick and L. D. Black 1991, 1993) have suggested

or three infraspecific taxa have been recognized commonly (R. D. Whetstone 1985). Although var. or subsp. rufotomentosum previously has been included in

Linnaeus, two-leaved squill, has been reported in Michigan (E. G. Voss 1972–1985, vol. 1) and northwestern Indiana (F. Swink and G. S. Wilhelm 1994). The

this species were recently grown from spores 100 years old (D. M. Johnson 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Marsilea"

Rica, Panama, and Colombia. III. Amer. Fern J. 77: 101--102. Proctor, G. R. 1985. Ferns of Jamaica. London. Snyder, L. H. Jr. and J. G. Bruce. 1986. Field

Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc. 93: 136-149. Hardin, J. W. and G. P. Johnson. 1985. Atlas of foliar surface features in woody plants, VIII. Fagus and Castanea

thin, slightly rugose. x = 10. Calif. Species 1. R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. (1985) placed Odotostomum in the family Tecophilaeaceae, where it fits securely

this taxon; the type of this name belongs to var. distichum (F. D. Watson 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Taxodium

central Asia to the inner ranges of the Himalayas. According to Freitag (1985), it is a common and typical plant of cold, semidesert regions, growing in

(P. J. M. Maas et al. 1986). Some authors (e.g., R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. 1985; Angiosperm Phylogeny Group 1998) have proposed Thismiaceae to include Thismia

have been shown by this method to be those of T. intricatum (D. R. Farrar 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Trichomanes"

Ghebrehiwet et al. 2000) or is basal within a Maurandya clade (W. J. Elisens 1985). Molecular ITS data placed Epixiphium in the Cymbalaria clade (M. Fernández-Mazuecos

Heliconia are hummingbird pollinated. Species 225 (1 in the flora). Andersson, L. 1985. Revision of Heliconia subgen. Stenochlamys (Musaceae-Heliconioideae). Opera

Lellinger 1987) and has been reported as rare in Florida by G. R. Proctor (1985). I have not seen specimens that could be convincingly referred to P. pseudoaureum

maroccana (Maire) Maire, is restricted to northwest Africa. Conert, H.J. 1985. Mibora. Pp. 206-210 in G. Hegi. Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa, ed

Wash., Wis. M. L. Roberts (1985) presented a strong case for treating Bidens beckii as Megalodonta beckii. Roberts, M. L. 1985. The cytology, biology and

Les and R. L. Stuckey 1985); it seems to have been introduced multiple times independently. Les, D. H. and R. L. Stuckey. 1985. The introduction and spread

sativa may no longer be established in the United States. McGregor, R. L. 1985. Current status of the genus Camelina (Brassicaceae) in the prairies and

subgenera Symphyotrichum and Virgulus in the western United States (Allen 1985, 1986). Taxonomy of Symphyotrichum is difficult. Species are usually heterophyllous

and they share other karyological similarities (N. Y. Tanaka and N. Tanaka 1985). Floral sexuality is exceptionally diversified in the Chamaelirium–Chionographis

Kentucky, are clearly this hybrid. Capperino, M. E. and E. L. Schneider. 1985. Floral biology of Nymphaea mexicana Zucc. (Nymphaeaceae). Aquatic Bot. 23:

six species; one has become established in North America. Brandenburg, D.M. 1985. Systematic studies in the Poaceae and Cyperaceae. Ph.D. dissertation, University

are obscure. Two species are established in the Flora region. Ennos, R.A. 1985. The mating system and genetic structure in a perennial grass, Cynosurus

America to Argentina, tropical and subtropical Asia, Africa. D. B. Lellinger (1985) applied the name Thelypteris interrupta to specimens from India, while using

only be reliably distinguished by their vegetative characters. Reeder, C.G. 1985. The genus Lycurus (Gramineae) in North America. Phytologia 57:283-291 Sanchez

Stockhouse & W. M. Klein Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 12: 66, fig. 104. 1985. (as caespitosa) Warren L. Wagner Synonyms: Oenothera cespitosa var. navajoensis (W

be self-compatible and to produce seeds asexually (C. S. Campbell et al. 1985; A. C. Dibble et al. 1998). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus"

Petrorhagia. Bull. Brit. Mus. (Nat. Hist.), Bot. 3: 121–172. Rabeler, R. K. 1985. Petrorhagia (Caryophyllaceae) in North America. Sida 11: 6–44. Thomas, S

primarily occupied by a broad-leaved deciduous forest (J.A. Wolfe 1985, cited in B.H. Tiffney 1985b) and may not have been a major route of migration for megathermal

angustifolia in southern Alberta (T. C. Brayshaw 1965b; S. B. Rood et al. 1985). The hybrid with P. trichocarpa (unnamed) is uncommon and largely confined

and bladder trouble (P. Train et al. 1941). S. A. Weber and P. D. Seaman (1985) stated that A. F. Whiting found the plants being used as a tea by the Havasupai

attention. It is likely that some Mexican species placed by B. C. Johnston (1985) in sect. Ranunculoides (Th. Wolf) Juzepczuk are better accommodated in sect

more-spatulate, almost entire leaf blades. It was federally listed as threatened in 1985. None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Primula

parlinii is undoubtedly inherited from Antennaria racemosa (R. J. Bayer 1985b; Bayer and D. J. Crawford 1986). None. None. window.propertiesFromHighe

Aristida purpurea complex (Graraineae). Brittonia 36:382-395 Allred, K.W. 1984, 1985, 1986. Studies in the genus Aristida (Gramineae) of the southeastern United

Spartina. Iowa State Coll. J. Sci. 30:471-574 Spicher, D. and M. Joselyn. 1985. Spartina (Gramineae) in northern California: Distribution and taxonomic

that is now within the boundaries of the United States (R.I. Ford 1985b; G.P. Nabhan 1985). Following the settlement by Europeans, the agriculture of North

et al. 1983; V. C. Patel et al. 1984), embryology (H. Tobe and Raven 1983, 1985, 1986, 1986b, 1996), and anatomy (S. Carlquist 1975, 1977, 1982b; R. H. Eyde

L. Fernald 1918; E. C. Abbe 1948; T. W. Böcher 1956, 1973; J. G. Harris 1985; R. C. Rollins 1993). The species is highly variable in leaf shape and margin

(for example, P. A. Rydberg 1908d; Á Löve and D. Löve 1975b; B. C. Johnston 1985; J. Soják 2010). Molecular analyses (C. Dobeš and J. Paule 2010; M. H. Töpel

Kupchan et al. 1961; R. Hegnauer 1962+, vol. 2; R. M. T. Dahlgren et al. 1985). Bodkin, N. L. 1978. A Revision of North American Melanthium L. (Liliaceae)

infraspecific classification presented by J. C. Semple and F. D. Bowers (1985) is followed here. Involucre height increases somewhat with age, making assignment

habitats. Only one species is established in the Flora region. Chambers, K.L. 1985. Pitfalls in identifying Ventenata dubia (Poaceae). Madrono 32:120-121 Old

between Tolmiea diplomenziesii [reported by D. E. Soltis and B. A. Bohm (1985) as diploid T. menziesii] and Tellima grandiflora have been reported from

Administration has characterized Sanguinaria canadensis as an unsafe herb (J. A. Duke 1985). Native Americans used it medicinally to treat ulcers and sores, croup,

tropics; B. occidentale var. minor grows at higher elevations (D. B. Lellinger 1985). The nomenclature of these taxa is complicated, and other names may apply

synonym of Tetrazygia and were followed in this assessment by Hno. Alain (1985–1997, vol. 4, Puerto Rico; 1982+, vol. 9, Hispaniola). Judd and Skean suggested

embryo). x = 7. nw North America. Species 1: nw North America. R. J. Gornall (1985) reviewed the nomenclature of Leptarrhena. Based on molecular data, D. E

glabrescent leaves. Medley, M. E., H. Bryan, J. MacGregor, and J. W. Thieret. 1985. Achyranthes japonica (Miq.) Nakai (Amaranthaceae) in Kentucky and West Virginia:

in peristome development between the two genera was discussed by Zander (1985). Excluded Species: Trichostomum brittonianum R. H. Zander, Bull. Buffalo

circumscription of sect. Aureae used here largely follows that of B. C. Johnston (1985), except that Potentilla sierrae-blancae is placed in sect. Concinnae and

autopolyploidy (G.L. Stebbins 1971), Antennaria (Asteraceae) (R.J. Bayer 1985, figs. 11.7, 11.8; 1985b) is based on intermediate or segmental allopolyploidy, and the

ornamental; Stipa capensis has been introduced, probably accidentally. Freitag, H. 1985. The genus Stipa in southwest and south Asia. Notes Roy. Bot. Gard. Edinburgh

poisoned animals lie on their sides in a profound slumber" (Cheeke and Shull 1985). The active ingredient is diacetone alcohol (Epstein et al 1964). None.

Sparganium minimum, but although the correct name is S. natans (C. D. K. Cook 1985). The leaves of Sparganium natans are thinner and more translucent than those

indicate that this species originated at more than one site (C. R. Werth et al. 1985b), the sterile diploid hybrid is unknown. The species is uncommon in the

beech, red beech, and white beech. I follow J. W. Hardin and G. P. Johnson (1985) and others in not recognizing subspecific or varietal variation within eastern

Reports of P. glycyrrhiza occurring in Arizona (T. Reeves 1981; D. B. Lellinger 1985) are based on misidentified specimens. None. None. window.propertiesFrom

delagoensis usually listed in synonymy as a nomen nudum. H. R. Toelken (1985) wrote that the three-word original diagnosis of K. delagoensis was enough

A cladistic and numerical taxonomic study of Amygdaloideae (J. Henrickson 1985) using morphologic characters ascertained that Kelseya and Petrophytum were

ascertained that Kelseya and Petrophytum were nearest neighbors (J. Henrickson 1985). The work of Potter et al. (2007b) suggested that the reduced growth habit

D. spathulata by the latter’s monopodial-shrubby habit. Armbruster, W. S. 1985. Patterns of character divergence and the evolution of reproductive ecotypes

different authors. The work of R. J. Gornall and B. A. Bohm (1980, 1984, 1985) emphasized the similarities of the species in supporting a single genus

stiff, verrucose hairs. Both P. A. Rydberg (1908d) and B. C. Johnston (1980, 1985) restricted sect. Concinnae to species with palmate, abaxially cottony leaves

S.C., Tenn., Tex., Vt., Va., W.Va., Europe, Asia, n Africa. N. Nishimura (1985) indicated that Ctenidium in eastern North America differed from true C.

planifolium was synonymized with T. crispulum by A. Stoneburner (1985) and Stoneburner and R. Wyatt (1985), but is retained here because it is monoicous. The leaf

escaped from cultivation in Florida (Baird and Thieret 1985) Baird, J.R. and J.W. Thieret. 1985. Notes on Themeda quadrivalvis (Poaceae) in Louisiana.

such species are described as being of indefinite duration. Boonbundarl, S. 1985. A biosystematic study of the Digitaria leucites complex in North America

(Caryophyllaceae): Biosystematics. Syst. Bot. 9: 60–73. Chinnappa, C. C. 1985. Studies in the Stellaria longipes complex (Caryophyllaceae): Interspecific

Rischer, and J. Rutow. 1998. Echinocereus: Monographie. Turnhout. Taylor, N. P. 1985. The Genus Echinocereus. Kew. Echinocereus arizonicus, Echinocereus berlandieri

Tzvelev, N. N. 1989b. Rumex, Acetosella, Acetosa. In: S. S. Kharkevich, ed. 1985+. Plantae Vasculares Orientis Extremi Sovetici. 7+ vols. Leningrad. Vol.

water, and then baked into a kind of bread. S. A. Weber and P. D. Seaman (1985) indicated that A. F. Whiting was aware of a decoction of leaves (probably

Species 25–30 (15 in the flora). The convergence of morphologic (J. Soják 1985[1989]) and molecular (T. Eriksson et al. 1998; M. Lundberg et al. 2009; C

a synonym of R. armeniacus; it is a synonym of R. ulmifolius (H. E. Weber 1985). In the flora area, Rubus bifrons is most abundant from northern California

” The coherence of styles and connivance of anthers at anthesis (M. Jenny 1985, 1988), nectaries (S. Vogel 2000), and ovule/seed number per carpel need

southwestern part of the range, and 2n = 52 in the northeastern part (G. A. Allen 1985) Backcrosses to both parental species or hybrids with related taxa are sometimes

be with S. eastwoodiae, as suggested by S. J. Brunsfeld and F. D. Johnson (1985). The presence of both abaxial and adaxial nectaries in staminate flowers

Quercus texana was erroneously used for Q. buckleyi (L. J. Dorr and K. C. Nixon 1985). A few authors have also used the name for Q. gravesii. Quercus nuttallii

imported from Russia (J. C. Beatley 1973c; C. W. Crompton and I. J. Bassett 1985; S. L. Mosyakin 1996). Now this noxious weed occupies almost all of its potential

separation of species has been problematic (R. P. Ownbey 1944; E. G. Voss 1972–1985; J. A. Steyermark 1963; G. Yatskievych 1999+), while local distinction may

(Isotria medeoloides) Recovery Plan: First Revision. Washington. Paulos, P. G. 1985. Small Whorled Pogonia Recovery Plan. [Newton Corner, Mass.] None. window

rhizoids, are known for Ditrichum lineare only from Asia (T. Matsui et al. 1985; Matsui and Z. Iwatsuki 1990). This species is very similar in appearance

Rhizoidal tubers were first reported for Ditrichum heteromallum by S. Risse (1985) from European material and have also been noted in Japanese material by

subspathacea or a backcross with either of the parents (J. Cayouette and P. Morisset 1985, 1986; L. A. Standley 1990) and does not occur outside of the sympatric range

Anderson 1981) but throughout the world (R. D. Seppelt 1982; A. A. Frisvoll 1985). While many workers have treated the variation and the described variant

there are sterile autotriploids within C. protrusa (C. H. Haufler et al. 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Cystopteris"

National Collection of Endangered Plants. Schwegman, J. E. and R. W. Nyboer. 1985. The taxonomic and population status of Boltonia decurrens (Torrey & Gray)

and longer styles. Here P. A. Rydberg (1898, 1908d) and B. C. Johnston (1985) are followed in viewing the combination of distinctive features as sufficient

can cause violent gastric distress and respiratory paralysis (J. A. Duke 1985). The rhizome contains aristolochic acid and trimethyl amine, both potential

C. protrusa and an extinct diploid related to C. fragilis (C. H. Haufler 1985; C. H. Haufler and M. D. Windham 1991). Cystopteris tenuis is common in eastern

adequately what, if any, infraspecific taxa should be recognized. Stuckey, R. L. 1985. Distributional history of Najas marina (spiny naiad) in North America. Bartonia

urogenital disorders, and to restore hair color (J. A. Duke and E. S. Ayensu 1985, vol. 2). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section"

arising from diploid C. diffusa through in situ autopolyploidy. Austin, D. F. 1985. Commelina gigas rediscovered and lost. Palmetto 5(4): 11. None. window.

which is now considered an artifact of isolation (Dannhardt and Steindl 1985). Because primitive agricultural practices could not separate seeds of Lolium

seeds (J. G. Bruhn 1971; F. S. Crosswhite 1980; R. S. Felger and M. B. Moser 1985; E. F. Anderson 2001). The discrete rods of wood (A. C. Gibson 1978), also

she later reduced A. hinckleyana to a variety of A. chrysantha (E. J. Lott 1985). Until her data are published, I prefer to follow the established taxonomy

Kans., Nev., Okla., Oreg., Tex., Europe, sw Asia. R. L. McGregor (1984, 1985) and R. C. Rollins (1993) stated that Camelina rumelica is naturalized also

have been collected from Lane County, Oregon (R. J. Gornall and B. A. Bohm 1985). Boykinia major is occasionally grown in gardens. None. None. window.pr

West Indies, Central America, South America. Some authors (e.g., J. I. Davis 1985) include Phytolacca octandra in the synonymy of P. icosandra. Steinmann,

Antennaria microphylla has allelopathic properties (G. D. Manners and D. S. Galitz 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Antennaria"

almost acaulescent appearance to the plant. Breeding studies (J. G. Harris 1985) indicate that subspp. maccallae and porsildii are self-incompatible, while

shoots. It has become established in Columbia County, Georgia (W. H. Duncan 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Sedum"

sexual progenitors, Antennaria plantaginifolia and A. solitaria (R. J. Bayer 1985b; Bayer and D. J. Crawford 1986). None. None. window.propertiesFromHighe

entire or subentire margins have subglobose or ovoid capsules (D. G. Long 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Polytrichastrum

flagelliferous expression of C. stenocarpa by M. Padberg and J.-P. Frahm (1985), but later was treated as separate by Frahm (1991). It differs from C. stenocarpa

reports of hybridization between C. villosa and C. eatonii (D. B. Lellinger 1985), recent gene exchange is unlikely because both taxa are apogamous in North

the leaves are chewed to treat coughs and reduce hangovers (H. M. Burkill 1985). The species does not compete well in crowded conditions (Bakshi and Kapil

Wyo., Europe, introduced also in Australia. As indicated by R. L. McGregor (1985), Camelina alyssum is known from the above states only from old collections

Steele 1978) were regarded as B. major by R. J. Gornall and B. A. Bohm (1985); they require further study. Boykinia intermedia differs from that species

1370-1520 m Generated Map Legacy Map Ariz., Tex., ne Mexico. R. B. Miller (1985) suggested that Arizona reports of Aquilegia longissima are based on "unusually

north as coastal central California and northern Virginia (D. B. Lellinger 1985), but I have not seen specimens from these areas. Selaginella kraussiana

the northern Rockies and A. neglecta of the Great Plains; see R. J. Bayer 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Antennaria

apomicts is closely related to A. racemosa of the northern Rockies (R. J. Bayer 1985) and, perhaps, to A. marginata of the southern Rockies. None. None. window

South America. Dalechampia scandens is widespread, variable (W. S. Armbruster 1985), and probably a complex of cryptic species (C. Pélabon et al. 2005). The

to, and perhaps not specifically distinct from, P. icosandra (J. I. Davis 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Phytolacca"

established on lawns in Houghton and Borrago counties, Michigan (E. G. Voss 1972–1985, vol. 1). Because C. forbesii Baker, distinguished by its taller scapes (to

and factors in its evolution. Amer. Midl. Naturalist 78: 358–366. Terpó, A. 1985. Studies in the taxonomy and grouping of Pyrus species. Feddes Repert. 96:

genetic background, also have genes from A. racemosa and A. solitaria (Bayer 1985b; Bayer and Crawford). The polyploid complexes are each defined primarily

And. Sukk. 34: 76–79, 120–123, 136–140, 154–158, 184–188. Zimmerman, A. D. 1985. Systematics of the Genus Coryphantha (Cactaceae). Ph.D. dissertation. University

comparative study. 378 pp. New York. Dahlgren, R., H. T. Clifford, and P. F. Yeo. 1985. The families of the Monocotyledons. 520 pp. Berlin. Müller-Doblies, D. 1970

doubt. Contrary to previous hypotheses (D. F. M. Brown 1964; D. B. Lellinger 1985), Great Lakes populations of W. scopulina were not involved in the origin

glabella is an apogamous tetraploid. A. F. Tryon (1957) and D. B. Lellinger (1985) hypothesized that it might have arisen as a hybrid between the western diploid

better treated as one variable species, S. angustifolium (T. C. Brayshaw 1985) Hybrids with Sparganium hyperboreum and S. natans have been reported from

concept of Rydberg and Nelson and contrasts with that of B. C. Johnston (1980, 1985). Section Subjugae is restricted to subalpine and alpine habitats in the

Quimby Jr. 1981; T. D. Center and T. K. Van 1989; J. C. Joyce and W. T. Haller 1985; D. C. Schmitz 1990), resulting in its decline in Florida. Plants were probably

(450–)800–3370 m. Oenothera cespitosa is self-incompatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 1985; Wagner 2005). Pachylophus nuttallii Spach is an illegitimate name that pertains

1979, 1980; L. F. Pitelka et al. 1980, 1983, 1985; A. A. Winn and Pitelka 1981; J. W. Ashmun et al. 1985; Pitelka and W. F. Curtis 1986). Aster acuminatus

is rare. C. Christensen (1913), C. V. Morton (1951), and D. B. Lellinger (1985) have attributed the basionym to Kunze in Sprengel, but Sprengel clearly

morphology, and chromosome number revealed distinct differences (C. N. Horn 1985, 1988). Three distinct genetic forms of this species exist, two in the flora

Calif., Nev., Oreg. Preliminary isozyme analyses support D. B. Lellinger's (1985) suggestion that Cheilanthes intertexta is a fertile allotetraploid hybrid

bulbs and the flowers (W. H. Blackwell 1990; K. F. Lampe and M. A. McCann 1985; D. G. Spoerke Jr. and S. C. Smolinske 1990). None. None. window.propert

adaxially gray-pubescent basal leaves (R. J. Bayer and G. L. Stebbins 1982; Bayer 1985b; Bayer and D. J. Crawford 1986). It is a diploid ancestor of the A. howellii

one species with M. hederifolia treated at subspecific rank (W. J. Elisens 1985). Maurandella antirrhiniflora is recognized here without infraspecific variants

abundant on the sandy shore at Fort Bragg, Mendocino County, California, in 1985 and should be looked for elsewhere. The entirely herbaceous bracts, short

Europe, Asia, introduced also in South America, Australia. R. L. McGregor (1985) indicated that Camelina sativa is no longer established in North America;

FDACS; it was not accessioned (P. J. Anderson, pers. comm.). Hno. Alain (1985–1997, vol. 3) reported that Hybanthus linearifolius occurs as an annual or

on ballast in New Jersey (R. C. Rollins 1961, 1981, 1993; I. A. Al-Shehbaz 1985); it was first reported from North Carolina (as Brassica erucastrum) in 1958

sexual progenitors include A. plantaginifolia and A. neglecta (R. J. Bayer 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Antennaria

Manchuria). Persicaria bungeana is a weed of soybean fields (R. N. Andersen et al. 1985). It is not known how or when it was introduced into the midwestern United

Boykinia occidentalis has been reviewed by R. J. Gornall and B. A. Bohm (1985). It is a polymorphic species but is not as variable as the extensive synonymy

their intermediates have been found in the United States (I. A. Al-Shehbaz 1985; R. C. Rollins 1993). The species was first collected in the flora area in

lacustris, C. trichocarpa (= C. ×caesariensis, A. A. Reznicek and P. M. Catling 1985), and C. utriculata. McClintock, K. A. and M. J. Waterway. 1994. Genetic

(C. ×caesariensis Mackenzie, according to A. A. Reznicek and P. M. Catling 1985). Hybrids of C. trichocarpa with C. laeviconica are uncommon in the zone

Conservation’s National Collection of Endangered Plants. Cochrane, S. A. 1985. Dudleya brevifolia: California’s own living stone. Fremontia 13(1): 21.

the primary sexual progenitor of apomicts in subsp. neodioica (R. J. Bayer 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"species","name":"Antennaria

and carpel morphology in northeastern Oregon and Washington, C. J. Antieau (1985) found that: phenotype is a reliable indicator of general patterns of genetic

parallela occurs only in the Middle-Arctic Tundra Zone (following A. Elvebakk 1985). Carex parallela subsp. redowskiana (C. A. Meyer) T. V. Egorova, which occurs

Reports of hybridization between C. eatonii and C. villosa (D. B. Lellinger 1985) are based on specimens from western Texas and southern New Mexico that appear

plains and prairies of both the United States and Canada (I. A. Al-Shehbaz 1985; R. C. Rollins and Al-Shehbaz 1986). In disturbed places, it has penetrated

Variety repens was first reported in the United States by H. E. Ballard (1985) stating that it had been documented in California, South Dakota, and Utah

molecular results coincide with morphological features emphasized by J. Soják (1985[1989], 2008), that is, each anther bearing a single horseshoe-shaped theca

conservation concern. Rosa minutifolia was first collected in the United States in 1985 (San Diego County; G. A. Levin 1986). Before being extirpated by a development

species are used as ornamentals because of their colorful flowers(F. C. Galle 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Rhododendron"

vicinity (including ditches and lakes) of the spring runs. A. F. Clewell (1985) treated Hymenocallis rotata as the sole representative of the genus in the

backcross between C. aquatilis and C. paleacea (J. Cayouette and P. Morisset 1985, 1986; L. A. Standley 1990), which does not occur outside of the common range

species that has become widely established in the New World (A. Radcliffe-Smith 1985; P. M. Catling and G. Mitrow 2012). There has been speculation that hybridization

result of environmental phenotypic modifications (J. Cayouette and P. Moriset 1985, 1986b). Type specimens of both C. ×gardneri E. Lepage and C. ×sublimosa

Bot. 82: 1527--1536. Dahlgren, R. M. T., H. T. Clifford, and P. F. Yeo. 1985. The Families of the Monocotyledons. Structure, Evolution, and Taxonomy.

Alaska and Yukon [in part]. Acta Univ. Lund, n.s., 38:1-281 Kellogg, E.A. 1985. A biosystematic study of the Poa secunda complex. J. Arnold Arbor. 66:201-242

Calif., Mexico (Baja California). Following D. D. Keck (1960) and M. A. Lane (1985), Gutierrezia californica is treated here as a variable taxon that includes

from France and Germany to Armenia, Azerbaijan, Turkey, and Iran. Freitag (1985) regarded it as a subspecies of S. pennata L. Its long, plumose awns make

Alaska, Mont., Wyo., e Asia (Russian Far East). For Russia, S. S. Kharkevich (1985+, vol. 6) and I. M. Krasnoborov et al. (1987+, vol. 13) treated this taxon

the Kanawha and Ohio rivers in Ohio and West Virginia (D. M. Spooner et al. 1985); it has been extirpated from Tennessee. Reports from Massachusetts, New

attributed to S. Watson ex Orcutt; however, as B. D. Parfitt and W. C. Hodgson (1985) correctly stated, C. R. Orcutt (1886) merely mentioned the name and did

recognition. A report of Notholaena standleyi from Nevada (D. B. Lellinger 1985) must be considered suspect because it is disjunct, and the closest populations

its narrow, entire, abaxially felty leaves. Haenhle, G. G. and S. M. Jones. 1985. Geographical distribution of Quercus oglethorpensis. Castanea 50: 26-31

specimens to substantiate reports of P. ovata from New Mexico (D. B. Lellinger 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Pellaea"

and Taylor 15196 (BRIT). In Mississippi, it is known from collections in 1985 and 1986 from adjacent Issaquena and Sharkey counties (BRIT, VDB; these collections

reportedly hybridizes with P. mucronata (A. F. Tryon 1957; D. B. Lellinger 1985); the hybrids are morphologically intermediate plants with malformed spores

apogamous tetraploid. Isozyme studies by G. J. Gastony and L. D. Gottlieb (1985) suggested that the apogamous triploid is an autopolyploid derived from sexual

complex and is most closely related to A. howellii subsp. neodioica (Bayer 1985). Antennaria virginica is dioecious and is characterized by its relatively

Flowering Plants. New York. Dahlgren, R. M. T., H. T. Clifford, and P. F. Yeo. 1985. The Families of Monocotyledons. Berlin. Löve, Á. and D. Löve. 1981. In:

Meyer is included as a variety of L. holosteoides (see Y. P. Kozhevnikov 1985), North American plants are var. holosteoides None. None. window.propert

Michigan localities represent locally established waifs (E. G. Voss 1972–1985, vol. 1). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Stenanthium"

remains after the distal, bisexual florets have disarticulated (Chambers 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Ventenata"

(Airy Shaw in J.C. Willis 1973; R.M.T. Dahlgren 1983; R.M.T. Dahlgren et al. 1985; G.Dahlgren 1989, 1989b; A.Goldberg 1986, 1989; V.H. Heywood 1978; J.Hutchinson

is more common and occurs at lower altitudes than P. urnigerum (D. G. Long 1985). Pogonatum dentatum is distinguished by the rectangular, flat-topped marginal

oils for soap and mayonnaise, lubrication, and cooking (I. A. Al-Shehbaz 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Sinapis"

tetraploids occur west of the mountains (J. G. Chmielewski and J. C. Semple 1985). The report of 2n = 90 for the species (Semple et al. 1993) was based on

Nijs 1974, 1976, 1984; den Nijs and T. Panhorst 1980; den Nijs et al. 1980, 1985; see also W. Harris 1969, 1973) indicate that the situation is more complicated

N. H. Williams 1975, 1982). The latter view has prevailed (R. K. Brummitt 1985). Two names have been commonly associated with this concept. Oncidium luridum

that most reports represent misidentifications of B. rapa (I. A. Al-Shehbaz 1985). It is difficult to distinguish between plants of B. napus and B. rapa that

cruciferous vegetable crops (G. A. Mulligan and L. G. Bailey 1975; I. A. Al-Shehbaz 1985; R. C. Rollins and Al-Shehbaz 1986). It is generally considered a native

any. L. D. Benson (1969, 1982) and subsequent authors (e.g., N. P. Taylor 1985; W. Blum et al. 1998) have attempted to recognize infraspecific taxa within

widely cultivated as a vegetable and as an oilseed crop (I. A. Al-Shehbaz 1985). Two main variants are distinguished on the basis of seed color: oriental

industrial lubricant and for cosmetic and medicinal purposes (I. A. Al-Shehbaz 1985). The seed cake and the entire plant are used as fodder for domestic animals

recreational potential, ecological impact, and economic impact (J. T. Miller 1985; Smithsonian Institution 1975). The last two topics, in particular, are inextricably

This treatment of Weissia controversa follows the study of A. Stoneburner (1985), which justifiably included W. andrewsii, and, agreeing with H. A. Crum

staminate, pistillate, and bisexual flowers on different plants (B. D. Parfitt 1985). Plants of Mammillaria dioica in Mexico are both tetraploid and hexaploid

the two clearly differ in gametophyte and spore morphology (K. I. Flatberg 1985; Cao T. and D. H. Vitt 1986). The metallic sheen and strongly pointed stem

longifolia occasionally occur and have been produced artificially (C. C. Chinnappa 1985); they are sterile triploids (2n = 39). None. None. window.propertiesFro

Similar hybrids can be readily produced experimentally (C. C. Chinnappa 1985). European and North American workers (most recently B. Jonsell and T. Karlsson

counties, Florida, and one in McCormick County, South Carolina. Q. P. Sinnott (1985) cited the glabrous style, tubular petals, and greenish sepals of R. echinellum

wide fluctuations likely due to variation in rainfall (W. Dietrich et al. 1985). Oenothera organensis could decline if degradation of habitat increases

narrow interpretation of the species is accepted here following G. S. Ringius (1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"subsection","name":"Solidago

arctic America it replaces P. commune north of the tree line (D. G. Long 1985, as P. commune var. diminutum), and is notable for its rather fragile texture

Prosartes hookeri in the Porcupine Mountains of upper Michigan (E. G. Voss 1972–1985, vol. 1) is a noteworthy disjunction for this otherwise western species.

Wyo., Mexico, Central America in Guatemala. Contrary to D. B. Lellinger's (1985) hypothesis, isozyme data indicate that neither Pellaea glabella nor P. ternifolia

Lincoln and Otero counties. P. A. Rydberg (1898, 1908d) and B. C. Johnston (1985) placed P. sierrae-blancae in sect. (or group) Aureae; the species fits well

in weight in three to four growing seasons (J. S. DeVeaux and E. B. Shultz 1985). Bemis, W. P. et al. 1978. The feral buffalo gourd, Cucurbita foetidissima

red corolla with long tube; and (as shown by G. A. Levin and T. W. Mulroy 1985) high nectar yield. Although hummingbirds also visit other species of the

(Kaulfuss) J. Smith and W. mexicana Fée (D. F. M. Brown 1964; D. B. Lellinger 1985) seems untenable in light of recent chromosome studies indicating that the

collected there. Oenothera harringtonii is self-incompatible (W. L. Wagner et al. 1985; Wagner 2005). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"section"

Such intermediates may represent hybrids between the two species (D. G. Long 1985). In Nunavut, it is known from Baffin Island, Ellesmere Island, and the Arctic

species. Based on a study of herbarium collections, R. Couch and E. Nelson (1985, 1992) believed that M. spicatum was introduced from Europe in the 1940s

of it from Oregon, Idaho, and northern Utah are incorrect (A. D. Zimmerman 1985). In the northwestern part of its range, Coryphantha vivipara may occur with

occur, even in species with subterranean gametophytes (W.H. Wagner Jr. et al. 1985). The embryogeny in a number of pteridophytic groups is still unknown or

many older reports of it actually pertain to 5. P. hyperboreum (D. G. Long 1985). None. None. window.propertiesFromHigherTaxa=[{"rank":"genus","name":"Polytrichum"

ate newly emerged stems of Eriogonum inflatum (S. A. Weber and P. D. Seaman 1985; M. L. Zigmond 1981). The hollow stems were used as drinking tubes (Weber

Mountain Range, and the base of range in Ivanpah Valley). W. L. Wagner et al. (1985) deter­mined O. cavernae to be self-compatible and autogamous. None. None

key above help separate the two taxa. The typification by A. J. Richards (1985) would leave the common dandelion of both Europe and North America without

one of the commonest low arctic representatives of the family (D. G. Long 1985), with survivals southward in relict bogs, for example in northern Indiana

Potentilla elegans is treated in sect. Aureae, as was done by B. C. Johnston (1985), largely on the basis of pragmatism. J. Soják (1994) places the species

Oenothera cespitosa; it is also the least understood. W. L. Wagner et al. (1985) grouped two series of populations that appear to intergrade together within

Graciles differs from that of J. Clausen et al. (1940) and B. C. Johnston (1980, 1985), who allied both species with P. breweri in sect. Multijugae. Although subpalmate

g., Senecio streptanthifolia var. borealis; J. F. Bain 1988). Bain, J. F. 1985. Flavonoid variation in the Senecio streptanthifolius complex. Canad. J.

Potentilla robbinsiana. Rhodora 82: 131–140. Graber, R. E. and L. G. Brewer. 1985. Changes in the population of the rare and endangered plant Potentilla robbinsiana

branches and branchlets have been identified as S. babylonica (G. W. Argus 1985, 1986, 1993), but many are hybrids with S. alba (S. ×sepulcralis) or S. euxina

recognized in the southern Rocky Mountains (S. J. Brunsfeld and F. D. Johnson 1985); it occurs at higher elevations (2200–4000 m) and is characterized by low

modification (D. B. O. Savile 1964; G. W. Argus 1973; J. H. Soper and J. M. Powell 1985). On Attu Island, Alaska, there are plants to 2 m along with dwarf plants

also illustrated by Veronica beccabunga (fig. 8.1; D.H. Les and R.L. Stuckey 1985; see for references to other studies). Various estimates and counts are available

families. An attempt to read the system the other way (R.M.T. Dahlgren et al. 1985) means that we must start with broad, more or less net-veined leaves in diverse

Axelrod 1974; D.I. Axelrod and P.H. Raven 1985; J.T. Parrish 1987; M.E. Collinson 1990; B.H. Tiffney 1985b; D.W. Taylor 1990; D.I. Axelrod et al. 1992;

A good bibliographic and biographic source on Marie-Victorin is D.Barabé (1985). An augmented autobiography of Macoun is now available (J.Macoun 1922).

17 naturalized families in Florida are similarly restricted (R.F. Thorne 1985). They are found primarily in the more tropical plant communities, such as