Property:Habitat
A
Bluffs, limestone outcrops and slopes, ledges along streams, often in oak-juniper woodlands +
Pine, pine-oak, juniper, and pinyon-juniper woodlands, rocks along streams, slopes, ridges, washes +
Sand pine scrub, longleaf pine-turkey oak sand ridges, pine-palmetto, live-oak woods, hammocks, dunes, roadsides, old fields, stream banks, dry flatwoods +
Rocky slopes, mostly in pine-oak woodlands +
Under overhanging sandstone (Pottsville formation) cliffs and ledges +
Crevices, outcrops, rocky slopes, ridges, talus, gravelly and sandy stream bars, mixed hardwood-conifer woodlands, aspen, open and brushy vegetation +
Rocky slopes, crevices, gravelly, sandy streambeds, pine-oak woodlands +
Rocky slopes and ledges, in oak-juniper, pine-oak, pine, aspen, and spruce-fir woodland +
Cracks and crevices of nearly vertical limestone cliffs +
Rocky sites, oak woodland +
Limestone slopes, ledges, alluvium, in brushy vegetation +
Disturbed sites, mostly coastal +
Crevices, ledges, cliffs, other rocky sites in canyons, along streams, in desert grasslands, oak-agave, oak, oak-juniper, and pine-oak woodlands +
Disturbed sites, mostly coastal +
Beach sand and nearby thickets, coral soils, salt marshes, hammocks, roadsides +
Openings in chaparral +
Open pine forests +
Openings in chaparral and in pine and oak forests +
Grassy slopes, openings in pine forests +
Chaparral, oak woodlands +
Coastal dunes +
Coastal dunes and beach heads +
Coastal dunes, sand hills, and beach heads +
Wet meadows, bogs, muskegs, stream and lake margins, montane to alpine habitats, or ± drier sites of open forests and mountain slopes, various soils, often disturbed areas, roadsides +
Moist, subalpine meadows and forests to alpine tundra, often disturbed areas +
Moist to dry habitats, alpine meadows, montane forests, northern prairies, arctic tundra, in gravelly, rocky, and other coarse-textured soils +
Wet meadows, stream margins, swales, other moist sites, grasslands, steppes, and meadow habitats, slightly alkaline or saline sites, mostly in silts, clays, and other fine-textured soils +
Mesic to dry meadows, grasslands, sagebrush steppes, open oak or coniferous woodlands, chaparral +
Moist to dry lowland prairies, coastal forests, open coniferous woodlands +
Mesic to dry habitats in grasslands, chaparral, oak woodlands, and open pine forests +
Wet to dry, mostly seasonal habitats in deserts, grasslands, chaparral, steppe, oak woodlands, and open pine forests, often disturbed sites +
Mesic to dry habitats in deserts, grasslands, and oak woodlands +
Mesic to dry grasslands, oak woodlands, and coastal scrub-lands +
Mesic subalpine meadows and forests to alpine tundra and rocky slopes, volcanic or pyroclastic soils +
Dry habitats, sandy soils, short-grass prairies, sagebrush steppes, pinyon-juniper woodlands, montane meadows, mixed conifer forests +
Mesic to dry habitats in scrub-lands, chaparral, steppe, and open oak or pine woodlands +
Lowland prairies +
Edges, open spaces, and thickets, deciduous or mixed pine-deciduous woods +
Dry to moist, longleaf pine-oak woods, oak-hickory slopes, roadsides, sand or shell maritime thickets +
Edges, open spaces and thickets, deciduous or mixed pine-deciduous woods +
Edges, open spaces, thickets deciduous or mixed woods and thickets in wet places +
Edges, open spaces, thickets, deciduous or mixed deciduous woods +
Edges, open spaces, and thickets, deciduous or mixed deciduous woods +
Edges, open spaces, thickets, in deciduous or mixed deciduous woods +
Fields, roadsides, waste places +
Waste places, open woodlands +
Disturbed sites, roadsides, vacant lots +
Disturbed sites, roadsides, vacant lots +
Meadows, herb slopes, moist rock ledges +
Moist meadows, herb slopes, often near seashores +
Moist to mesic meadows, herb slopes, sometimes near seashores +
Meadows +
Waste ground +
Moist herb slopes, willow scrub +
Meadows, moist sand +
Densely vegetated lake shores +
Meadows, lawns, ditches, under trees +
Moist grasslands, flood plains +
Grasslands, often near sea shores +
Moist herb slopes +
Moist meadows, herb slopes, willow scrub, ditches, lawns +
Dry to wet pine flatwoods, savannas, and bogs +
Everglades, pinelands +
Open sites of various habitats, moist bogs, dry to mesic prairies, and dry, upland woods and thickets +
Seasonally wet to flooded pine flatwoods, savannas, bogs +
Moist pine flatwoods and savannas, roadside ditches +
Shallow fresh or brackish water or muddy shores +
Streams and marshes +
Stream margins +
Shallow ponds, stream margins, marshes, and ditches +
Shallow muddy ponds, stream margins, marshes, and ditches +
Alkaline soils, mostly on raised sandy hummocks in salt playas and mud flats +
Roadsides, trails, railroad tracks, stream banks, waste places, fields, shaded woodlands, bluffs, thickets, steep slopes, disturbed fields, floodplains, woods, shaded forest floor +
Open arid areas, often on sandy or gravelly soils, sometimes on clay or gypsum +
Open arid areas, usually on sandy or gravelly soils, sometimes on gypsum +
Open arid areas, usually on sandy or gravelly soils, 100-1200 m +
Coarse, sandy soil and gravelly river benches +
Granite sands in open coniferous forest +
Dry slopes and plains +
Roadsides and other disturbed areas +
Clay soils, including serpentine, dry slopes, and open plains +
Heavy, generally barren, clay soils +
Sandy, rocky, or clay soils on desert slopes +
Sandy, rocky, or clay soils on desert slopes and mountains +
Open, rocky, gravelly slopes +
Meadows and aspen groves, less commonly on open slopes in mountains +
Clay soils, including serpentine +
Clay soils, including serpentine +
Sandy, rocky soil +
Swampy meadows and along streams, rarely on wooded slopes +
Granite sands, on dry slopes and ridges +
Generally sandy soils on open or shaded slopes +
Roadsides, meadows, woods, and fields +
Known only from c coastal plain where it grows on prairies +
Generally in sandy or rocky soils, woods or plains +
On calcareous prairies or more infrequently in sandy soils +
Generally in calcareous soils +
Usually in sandy or rocky soils, rarely on limestone or in clay, woods and prairies +
Disturbed sites adjacent to areas where cultivated +
Widely distributed on moist soils in mountainous and cool regions +
Winter-wet, shallow soils on rock outcrops, or wet meadows +
Shallow, lithosolic soils, often dry and sandy +
Rocky slopes and plains, mountains +
Serpentine, volcanic, and granitic soil +
Talus slopes and clay soils, including serpentine, on bald summits and ridges +
Clay soils, including serpentine +
On granitic “flat-rocks” of Piedmont and in sand on coastal plains +
Sandy, rocky soil, Techachapi Mountains and desert slopes, western Mojave Desert, California +
Serpentine clay soils +
Dry, clay soils on or near sea cliffs +
Rocky, sandy, basaltic soil +
Winter-wet, shallow soils on rock outcrops +
Plains, hills, and prairies, particularly in limestone soils +
Sandy soil +
Heavy, rocky, clay soils, including serpentine +
Moist, shallow soils +
Open clay (including serpentine) slopes and flats +
Sandy or rocky soils on open slopes and flats +
Serpentine clay +
Disturbed areas +
Moist, open slopes, meadows, or stream banks in mountains +
Meadows and along streams +
Steep, rocky slopes +
Dry slopes and ridges of clay or stony soil +
Grassy, wooded slopes and flats +
Serpentine clay +
Heavy clay soils, including serpentine +
Clay soils, including serpentine, on open or grassy slopes +
Grassy slopes in heavy clay soils including serpentine +
Heavy, clay soils on shaded slopes +
Clay soils, including serpentine +
Dry, rocky hills and mountains, usually in limestone soils +
Rocky, sandy, or clay soils +
Rocky, sandy, or clay soils +
Apparently restricted to serpentine clays on ridges and peaks +
Rocky clay, including serpentine soils +
Drying, clay soils +
Desert plains and hills +
Barren, gravelly soils +
Seasonally wet meadows +
Wooded, shady slopes +
Loose rock and talus slopes, alpine ridges and talus +
Clay soil on grassy slopes +
Disturbed sites +
Sandy, rocky, or occasionally clay soils on desert plains and hillsides +
Heavy, rocky soils, wet meadows, or along streams +
Disturbed roadsides +
Granitic sands +
Granitic sands +
Roadsides and other disturbed ground +
Disturbed areas +
Rocky, sandy desert slopes +
Clay or sandy soils on dry slopes +
Rocky, clay slopes and talus +
Shallow, stony, lithosolic soil over dolomitic limestone, hilltops +
Clay soil on dry hillsides +
Clay soils, including serpentine +
Usually sandy soils, plains +
Rocky margins entire, apex obtuse or acute, slopes and plains +
Rocky, sandy slopes +
Rocky slopes, stream banks, and marshy ground, mountains +
Clay soil on shaded, grassy slopes near coast +
Sandy, rocky, or clay soils on open slopes and flats +
Dry, usually grassy areas +
Sand and gravel deposits along bottom and lower benches of Columbia River +
Disturbed fields and roadsides +
Sandy soils, Rio Grande plains +
Heavy serpentine clay +
Heavy serpentine clay +
Roadsides and disturbed areas +
Wet meadows, rocky or gravelly stream banks and lake shores, circumboreal +
Barren, gravelly soils, arid interior slopes and ridges well back from Columbia River +
Heavy, clay soils, including serpentine +
Serpentine clay soil on talus slopes +
Soil pockets on schist outcrops +
Coarse, sandy soils of granitic, calcareous, or basaltic origins +
Heavy, rocky, clay soils, including serpentine +
On gneiss “flat-rocks” and sandy soil of Piedmont +
Often on calcareous soils +
Dry plains and hills +
Rocky, gravelly, or clay soils +
Rocky, gravelly, or clay soils, mountains and scablands +
Rocky, volcanic soils +
Dry soil in upland woods +
Moist ground in rich woods, depressions, streamside bluffs, and colluvial slopes +
Disturbed sites +
Roadsides and other disturbed ground +
Serpentine soil on open hillsides +
Moist, clay soils, including serpentine, usually along streams +
Swampy meadows in mountains +
Rocky areas +
Disturbed areas often adjacent to agricultural lands +
Moist soil along cracks and margins of large metamorphic outcrops +
Moist, mixed-deciduous or coniferous forests +
Open habitats, roadsides +
Mostly clay soil, open scrub or waste places +
Damp alkaline places, alluvial soils, with halophytic vegetation, inland salt marshes, along streams in ravines, ditches, in desert and dry prairie areas +
Singly or in thickets along streams, lakeshores, coasts, and bog or muskeg margins, or on sandy or gravelly slopes or flats +
Rocky or sandy coasts, stream banks, lakeshores, and damp, open areas +
Along gravelly or rocky stream banks, lakeshores, and coasts, on moist rocky slopes, outcrops, in open coniferous woodlands +
Stream banks, moist flood plains, damp depressions, borders of wetlands +
Stream banks, lake shores, bogs, swamps, margins of wet fields, swales, and roadsides, often forming dense thickets +
Stream banks, lake shores, margins of wet fields and meadows, bog margins, and muskegs +
Along edges of ponds and small streams, often in standing water +
Sandy or rocky stream banks and moist slopes, often in mountain canyons +
Open, rocky stream banks and adjacent (often rather dry) slopes +
Stream banks, moist flood plains, lake shores, wet slopes, and sandy, open coasts +
Stream banks, ditches, edges of sloughs, swampy fields and bogs, and lakeshores +
Open sage scrub +
Low, desert areas, banks and dry washes, soil and limestone +
Sunny sandy soil or soil over limestone in dry areas +
Bare or disturbed soil or silt, roadside banks, calcareous boulders or gravel +
Sandstone or calcareous rocks, sandy soil in dry sunny sites +
Rocks, banks, clay, sandy or gravelly soil in deserts, plains or conifer forests +
Open woodlands, grassy pastures, often sandy soils +
Disturbed hammocks and thickets +
Bark of trunks and branches of Acer, Alnus, Chrysolepis, Lithocarpus, Quercus, Picea, Populus, Sambucus, Sequoia, Umbellularia, rock surfaces, usually siliceous +
Loose or sandy soils in shade to partially sunny, moist, disturbed sites +
Sandy, wet, disturbed sites +
Gravel, sand bars, sidewalks +
Waste places +
Coastal hammocks, thickets, sand bars +
Sandy beaches, hammocks +
Ballast ground, swamps, sandy places, limestone near salt water +
Ponds, ditches, streams, bayous +
Waste grounds, cleared limestone areas +
Wet disturbed areas +
Wet or moist ditches, disturbed areas, stream drainages +
Disturbed, usually moist areas +
Disturbed areas +
Wet, disturbed areas, along streams, brackish sand, coastal marshes +
Hammocks, pine woodlands, on limestone +
Roadsides, railways, waste grounds, disturbed sites, grassy areas, fields, sagebrush flats, limestone ledges or bluffs +
Deserts, rocky areas, disturbed sites, roadsides, fields, meadows, sagebrush flats +
Waste areas, roadsides +
Mountain slopes, cliffs, gravel, rocky places +
Sagebrush areas, fields, roadsides, sandy slopes +
Rocky soil +
Sandy areas, sand dunes, riverbanks, disturbed habitats +
Disturbed habitats, waste places, vacant areas, railroads, streambanks, sandy areas, roadsides, agricultural fields +
Sandy habitats, sand hills, riverbanks, creeks, lakes, disturbed areas, agricultural fields +
Freshwater and brackish wetland habitats, coastal marshes, swamps, riverbanks, bayous, canals, ditches, estuaries, lakeshores, hammocks +
Disturbed habitats: roadsides, riverbanks, railroads, fields, waste places, sandy flats +
Waste places, fields, roadsides, other disturbed habitats +
Seasonally moist flats, shores of water bodies, waste places, other disturbed habitats +
Coastal salt or brackish marshes, edges of sloughs, tidal riverbanks, tidal flats, rarely freshwater semiaquatic habitats +
Rarely occurs as escapes, persisting near the places of cultivation +
Open, seasonally wet flats, shores of water bodies, waste places, other disturbed habitats +
Waste places, other disturbed habitats, mostly at seaports and on ballast +
Near places of cultivation +
Weedy areas, ballast heaps, railroads, other disturbed habitats +
Waste places, disturbed habitats +
Sandy, gravelly slopes, washes, semideserts, disturbed habitats +
Coastal dunes, beaches, swamps, marshes, disturbed habitats, such as gardens and fields near coast +
On ballast +
Coastal sand dunes, sea beaches +
Waste places, agricultural and fallow fields, railroads, roadsides, riverbanks, other disturbed habitats +
Near places of cultivation +
Waste places, on ballast +
Semideserts, naturally disturbed habitats +
Streambanks, disturbed habitats, especially agricultural fields, railroads, waste areas, roadsides +
Disturbed habitats, coastal areas, near wool-combing mills +
Disturbed habitats, agricultural fields, railroads, roadsides, waste areas, banks of rivers, lakes, and streams +
Maritime sand dunes, beaches, mostly on foredunes and at high tide level +
Banks of rivers, lakes, and streams, disturbed habitats, agricultural fields, railroads, roadsides, waste areas +
Seasonally wet, disturbed habitats +
Waste places, fields, roadsides, railroads, barnyards, overgrazed pastures, other disturbed habitats +
Disturbed habitats +
Uncommon, casual alien near wool-combing mills +
Sandy, rocky, and gravelly flats, slopes, canyons, washes, other naturally disturbed habitats +
Locally escaped from cultivation, disturbed areas +
Wet areas, such as margins of rivers, ponds, marshes, lakes, and creeks, disturbed habitats, such as agricultural fields, roadsides, and railroads +
Fields, railroads, lawns, gardens, waste areas, other disturbed habitats +
Open dry slopes, other naturally disturbed habitats +
Coastal dunes, beaches, sandy inland areas, weakly saline flats +
Naturally disturbed habitats, streambanks, canyons, semideserts +
Usually on sandy or gravelly soils, openings in pinyon-juniper, yellow pine, or spruce-fir forests +
Escaped or persistent from cultivation in disturbed sites +
Rotting wood, organic soil, rich fens scattered across boreal zone +
Roadsides, open fields +
Coastal bluffs, dunes, beaches +
Tree trunks, rotten wood, rock, soil, (sometimes salty) swamps to xeric habitats +
Canyons, sandy flats, dunes +
Sandy soils, washes, banks +
Wet to dry soils, disturbed sites +
Dry, disturbed sites +
Sandy beaches and strand +
Seasonally wet clays or sands, scrublands +
Clays or sandy soils, among lava rocks +
Waste places, disturbed sites +
Sandy washes, benches +
Sandy washes, benches +
Rocky or sandy washes, benches +
Sandy and gravelly washes +
Wet or seasonally wet flats, depressions, alkaline, clay soils, prairies +
Sandy beaches or strand +
Sandy washes, benches +
Seasonally wet, sandy soils +
Desert washes, ravines +
Disturbed sites, often wet, alkaline, clay soils +
Disturbed sites, damp to wet, alkaline soils +
Desert washes, sandy and gravelly benches, lava talus +
Seasonally wet clays or sands, disturbed sites +
Disturbed sites, waste places, damp soils +
Stream banks and shores, lake shores, mountainsides, dry rocky and grassy slopes (northern shrub-steppe), hillsides, woods, thickets, shaded canyons, moist roadsides +
Mountain slopes +
Woods, hillsides, roadsides, mountainsides +
Open woods, rocky banks, shores, calcareous sites +
Dry to moist woods, mesic mixed hardwoods and pine-hardwoods, fields, thickets, roadsides, circumneutral soil, especially northward +
Cool woods, mountain slopes, summits, bogs, poor fens, conifer swamps, acidic soil, sandy lake shores, stream banks, rocky ridges, roadside thickets +
Damp soil of swamps, wet streamheads, bogs, moist to wet thickets, woods +
Pine savannas, sandhills, roadsides, dry openings in woods, sandy soil +
Basaltic ledges, cliffs, and bluffs along streams, stony soil, streambeds, stream banks, copses, mountainsides, roadsides +
Ravines, thickets, barrens, rocky banks, shores, sea cliffs, swamps, wet woods, often calcareous +
Calcareous shores, gravel beaches, cliffs, ledges, alluvial woods, roadsides +
Dry, open sites with rocky, gravelly, or sandy soil, calcareous soil +
Dry woods, bluffs rocky areas and slopes, stream banks, fields, thickets, and sandy areas, sometimes wetlands +
Swamps, bogs, thickets, shores +
Dry to moist, deciduous, mixed, and coniferous forests, fields, thickets, roadsides +
Fields, sand-plain grasslands, heaths, glacial outwash plains, forest openings, disturbed sites, stream shores, among rocks or sand, dry habitats, ditches, swales +
Dry rocky slopes, canyons, stream banks, mountainsides, foothills, high deserts +
Dry rocky slopes, canyons, chaparral, mountainsides +
Margins of woods, river ledges, shorelines, rocky slopes, crevices of open rock faces and cliffs, noncalcareous to slightly calcareous sites +
Summits and cliffs of low mountains, open woods, woodland clearings, rocky soil, crevices, shores, fields, roadsides, peaty, sandy, or gravelly and, typically, acidic soil +
Dry rocky slopes, canyons, stream banks, mountainsides, foothills, deserts +
Moist, often calcareous coniferous forests, thickets, fens, tundra +
Dry or mesic wooded slopes, meadows, savannas +
Freshwater marshes, margins of pools and lakes, drying mud and sand flats, ditches, rice fields. +
Freshwater marshes, margins of pools and lakes, drying mud and sand flats, ditches, rice fields. +
Limestone seeps along creek banks, on highly alkaline soil around springs and moist areas. +
Coastal plains in brackish to freshwater marshes, ditches. +
Freshwater marshes, margins of pools and lakes, drying mud and sand flats, ditches, rice fields. +
Limestone outcrops/hills, granitic talus slopes, deserts, cliffs, upper Sonoran desert scrub/grassland transition zone +
Gravelly, sometimes loamy, soil, dry rocky slopes and mesas, deserts, grasslands, openings in oak forests or secondary deciduous forests, disturbed sites, forest clearings and roadsides +
Dry, rocky or gravelly hills, plains, deserts, grasslands, shrublands, along roads or railroads, limestone soil, silty flats +
Marshy shores, stream banks, edges of swamps and moist thickets, wet woodlands +
Thickets, forest edges. +
Stream and riverbanks, floodplain forests, wet woodland borders, lowland thickets, fencerows. +
Forest edges, pond margins, stream banks, thickets, disturbed areas. +
Calcareous soils and gravels on or near limestone outcrops +
Calcareous, clay, or sandy soils, disturbed habitats +
Crevices of neutral to acidic rock +
Seasonal wet crevices of neutral to acidic cliffs +
Seasonally wet crevices of neutral to acidic cliffs +
Rocky or sandy soils, ravines, washes, slopes, rock outcrops, canyon walls, cliff faces, usually with other shrubs, especially Ambrosia, Yucca, Ephedra, Atriplex +
Rocky or sandy soils, flats, washes, slopes, rock outcrops, canyon walls, cliff faces, commonly with Larrea, Yucca, Ambrosia +
Sunny, saline, often alkaline, seasonally wet places +
Bark of trees, wet, sheltered niches, crotches, fissures, knotholes on logs, stumps, sometimes rotten, wet rock +
Dry to moist soil, rock crevices, talus slopes +
Rock, ledges, ravines, shady canyons, soil +
Open, disturbed sites +
Moist to dry roadsides, disturbed meadows, forest edges, stream banks, swales +
Coastal sage scrub or dune swales +
Ditch banks, other open sites +
Dry woods, often with aspen or mixed conifer-hardwood, borders and trails, dunes, fields, roadsides, other open, often disturbed sites +
Tamaulipan thorn scrub, Chihuahuan desert scrub, sparse grasslands, oak and juniper woodlands, creosotebush flats, sedimentary substrates including limestone [and gypsum in Mexico], usually not on steep slopes, rocky to gravelly soils +
Tamaulipan thorn scrub, plains and low hills, sandy, loamy, silty, or gravelly soils [rarely on shale] +
Open, dry or vernally moist slopes, flats, drainages, shallow rocky to deep sandy or clay soils (often over serpentine or basalt), sometimes disturbed sites (burns, road beds) +
Sandy soils, chaparral bordering oak woodlands, under shrubs +
Wet acidic or basic rock +
Rock, alluvium, edges of snow melt areas +
Acidic rocks +
Acidic rock +
Acidic rock faces, occasionally thin soil +
Wet rocks in streams, snow flushes, seeping outcrops +
Rock or soil in streams +
Siliceous rock, cliffs, boulders +
Neutral to acidic boulders, cliffs and walls, generally wet sites +
Dry rock outcrops +
Acidic rock in snow beds +
Calcareous rock in Arctic and subarctic areas +
Open, wet sites, bogs, fens, margins of pools, along boggy shores +
Sphagnum peat bogs, acid swamps, margins of pools throughout boreal forest and arctic +
Rocky, open habitats on tundra +
Open, grassy slopes +
Wet meadows +
Open, grassy meadows, sandy or gravelly open soils, often in disturbed areas +
Open areas with sandy, gravelly soil in grassland, shrub, forest, and tundra communities +
Desert, arid scrub, dry sandy to rocky soil +
Prairies, grassy slopes, frequently in rocky areas +
Rock slides of metamorphics, whitish ash, subalpine and alpine ridges, rock and talus slides, disintegrated volcanic rock +
Terrestrial on open to lightly shaded, rocky slopes and in hammocks and pine woods, often on limestone +
Lightly shaded limestone outcrops of the Edwards Plateau +
Rare around exposed to lightly shaded solution holes and limestone sinks +
Deciduous woods, often in calcareous soils +
Mixed woods, often in association with both conifers and deciduous trees +
Open grasslands, prairies, hillsides, often limy substrate, also woods over thin shale +
Damp thickets, meadows, wet prairies, lake shores, streamsides, clearings, occasionally swampy areas +
Dry prairies, barrens, pastures, meadows, rocky, open woods +
Prairies, dry, open woods, pastures, roadsides +
Open to deep woods +
Gravelly slopes, dry rocky ledges +
Slopes, ridges +
Moist, limestone bluffs and ledges +
Moist, rocky crevices +
Shaded woods, wooded slopes +
Damp, rich woods +
Shaded woods, subalpine ridges +
Tundra, slopes, ridges, limestone outcrops, and screes +
Open forests, grassy slopes, often rocky areas, also moist prairie depressions, coulees, sandhill shrubland +
Rocky slopes, meadows +
Rocky slopes +
Talus slopes, canyons +
Moist slopes, grassy areas, thickets +
Meadows, tundra +
Forest margins, alpine meadows +
Gravelly, rocky slopes, moist meadows +
Dry, open ledges and slopes +
Marshes, sphagnum bogs +
Shaded, moist woods, open hillsides +
Streamsides, meadows, rocky slopes +
Prairies, open slopes, sometimes open woods or granite outcrops in woods +
Shaded, moist woods +
Damp, frequently acidic, wooded hillsides +
Moist, open woods, thickets, clearings, streamsides, occasionally swampy areas +
Thickets, moist woods, meadows, slopes +
Rocky slopes, streamsides +
Riparian areas, moist cliffs and ledges +
Dry woods, sandy ridges, grasslands +
Dry, rocky, open woods, thickets, river banks +
Wet, alkaline, saline, and coastal marsh areas +
Roadsides, disturbed ground. +
Forests, woodlands +
Open ridges and slopes, on metamorphics +
Sandy washes, dry slopes, chaparral, pine-oak-juniper woodlands, montane coniferous forests +
Wet substrates, brackish to fresh, in pond borders, tidally influenced stream banks, banks of estuaries and lakes +
Dryish sandy substrates, dry hammocks +
Dry, open shrublands +
Dry, open shrublands, deciduous forests +
Usually weedy in disturbed areas, fence rows, agricultural fields +
Arid habitats, disturbed sites, sometimes open, sometimes shady +
Disturbed sites, roadsides, agricultural fields +
Desert habitats +
Deciduous forests, dry, open shrublands +
Forming deep green cushions on calcareous and noncalcareous rock, sandstone walls, rock ledges, exposed moist crevices, wet areas +
Fissures in rock, calcareous and noncalcareous sandstone +
Calcareous and noncalcareus rock, wet areas, spray of falls +
Acidic seepy or damp soil, soil over rock, ledges +
Acidic seepy or damp soil, soil over rock, ledges +
Tree bark, at base, soil, rock +
Crevices between boulders +
Deciduous forests, calcareous rock, bark of trees +
Base or bark of deciduous trees, soil, fallen logs, deciduous forests, open spaces, secondary forests, vertical calcareous rock, occasionally acidic +
Tree trunks (generally 1-2 m above base), basic and acidic rock, montane deciduous forests +
Bark of trees, deciduous forests +
Bark of trees, deciduous forests +
Mesic calcareous environments of montane deciduous forests, limestone rock or vertical walls, epiphytic +
Disturbed areas, fencerows, roadsides +
Disturbed areas, fencerows, roadsides, thickets +
Dry to moist alpine tundra +
Dry meadows and aspen forest openings +
Moist alkaline basins in sagebrush steppe +
Openings in dry coniferous forests +
Subalpine limestone talus +
Moist subalpine-alpine willow thickets in the Rocky and Cascade mountains, the Sierra Nevada and mountains of the Great Basin +
Subalpine-alpine limestone talus +
Sagebrush steppe, plains, foothills of mountains +
Dry slopes on tundra +
Seasonally dry basins in foothills of mountains, often associated with sagebrush flats +
Arctic and alpine tundra, on or near dry rocky outcrops or sand ridges +
Arctic and alpine tundra, on or near dry rocky outcrops or sand ridges +
Arctic and alpine tundra, on dry rocky outcrops, fell fields, or gravelly frost boils +
Dry lower montane to montane coniferous forests, usually in ± thick duff under Pinus ponderosa +
Pastures, dry fields, openings in woodlands and forests, and rock barrens +
Pastures, dry fields, openings in deciduous woodlands and coniferous forests. and rock barrens +
Pastures, dry fields, openings in woodlands and forests, and rock barrens and dry lake shores +
Pastures, dry fields, openings in woodlands and forests, and rock barrens +
Protected alpine and subalpine sites, gravelly or sandy soils near conifers at timberline +
Moist, open, meadows and drainages, lower montane, ponderosa pine zone +
Semidry meadows and drainages, lower montane, ponderosa pine zone +
Moist forests, slopes and tops of ridges under Douglas fir, ponderosa pine, Engelmann spruce or Gambel oaks, openings in the forests +
Dry, rocky to moist alpine tundra +
Moist open areas, flood plains of streams, margins of alkaline depressions, lower montane to subalpine (subarctic) +
Moist tundra, disturbed margins of solifluction lobes, unstable, gravelly slopes +
Moist tundra, often on disturbed margins of solifluction lobes or on unstable, gravelly slopes +
Plains, grasslands, pastures, and open woodlands +
Clearings, fields, roadsides, and open deciduous woods +
Clearings, fields, roadsides, and open woods +
Prairies, pastures, roadsides, mountain parks, open deciduous woods, and drier coniferous forests, usually ponderosa or lodgepole pine +
Dry, open, deciduous woodlands, tops of banks, ridges, and bluffs, sandstone formations, slopes in openings in woodlands +
Moist subalpine-alpine meadows, snow basins, margins of tarns, streams, or run-off from snow masses +
Limestone barrens, serpentine +
Alluvial soils in moist willow thickets subject to intermittent flooding along streams, montane to subalpine zone +
Moist, cool, montane and subalpine coniferous forests and roadcuts in forests +
Dry to moist habitats, tundra, rock outcrops, fields, meadows, forests, savannas, and roadcuts, other similarly disturbed places +
Dry to moist habitats, tundra, rock outcrops, fields, meadows, forests, savannas, and roadcuts, other similarly disturbed places +
Dry to moist open habitats, usually on rock outcrops or barrens +
Dry to moist habitats, tundra, rock outcrops, fields, meadows, forests, savannas, and roadcuts, other similarly disturbed places +
Open slopes and dry meadows, lower montane to montane, or subalpine zone, usually with big sagebrush, Artemisia tridentata +
Talus areas on limestone ridge at treeline in the subalpine zone +
Slopes or stream banks in moist, rich, deciduous woodlands, forests, sometimes forest openings +
Dry, often sagebrush (Artemisia) covered hillsides and dry margins around seasonally moist depressions in sagebrush steppe of the Great Basin and Columbia Plateau +
Dry, open coniferous woods or barren slopes on serpentine +
Sagebrush steppe to open, dry, coniferous montane forests to subalpine meadows +
Devonian shale barrens and argillaceous soils derived from them, open deciduous woods and fields +
Disturbed sites, abandoned plantings +
Disturbed sites, clearings, fields, roadsides +
Cultivated and often persisting after abandonment, rarely escaping +
Disturbed ground. +