Property:Etymology
H
Greek hydor, water, and angeion, diminutive of angos, vessel or container, alluding to shape of mature, dehisced capsule +
Greek hydr-, water, and chari, grace +
Greek hydro, water, and clavis, club-shaped, presumably from shape of pistils +
Greek hygros, wet, and genus Amblystegium +
Greek hygros, wet, and genus Hypnum, alluding to habitat +
Greek hyle, forest, and Cereus, the genus from which this segregate was removed +
Genus Hylocomium and Latin - astrum, incomplete resemblance +
Greek hylokomos, forest inhabitant, alluding to habitat +
Greek hyle, wood, and genus Telephium +
Greek hymên, membrane, and kallos, beauty, in reference to the corona +
Greek hymen, membrane, and pappos, pappus, alluding to membranous pappus scales +
Greek hymen, membrane, and phyllon, leaf +
Greek hymen, membrane, and stylos, pillar, alluding to systylius capsule +
Greek hymen, membrane, and thrix, hair, possibly alluding to scarious-aristate pappus scales +
Genus Hyophila and Greek adelphus, brother +
Greek hyper, above, and eikon, image, alluding to ancient Greek custom of decorating religious figures with Hypericum species to ward off evil spirits +
Greek hypo, beneath, and choiras, pig, alluding to pigs digging for roots +
Greek hypo, below, and lepis, scale, in reference to position of sori under the revolute leaf margin +
Greek hypo, beneath, and pterygion, small wing, alluding to underleaves +
I
Derivation unknown +
Latin imbrex, roof tile, and Greek bryon, moss, alluding to strongly overlapping leaves +
Latin indusium, tunic, and -ella, diminutive, alluding to inrolled hyaline leaf margins +
Greek eiresione, a wreath or staff entwined with strips of wool, alluding to the long woolly hairs often encircling the calyx +
Greek iso -, same, and carphos, small dry body, evidently alluding to uniform receptacular paleae +
Genus Isopterygium and Greek - opsis, resembling +
Greek isos, equal, and pteron, wing, alluding to complanate leaves +
Greek isos, equal, and theke, case, alluding to symmetric capsule +
For Eli Ives, 1779–1861, professor of pediatrics, materia medica, and botany at Yale University +
For Zennoske Iwatsuki, b. 1929, Japanese bryologist, and Latin -ella, diminutive +
J
For Félix Jafuell, 1857–1931, clergyman who collected plants in South America, and Greek bryum, moss +
For Edwin P. James, 1797–1861, American physician and naturalist on the Stephen Harriman Long expeditions of 1819 & 1820 +
For Robert Leslie James, 1897–1977, American botanist and historian, and Greek anthos, flower +
Named for Thomas Jefferson (1743-1826), third president of the United States +
for John Thomas Howell, 1903–1994, California botanist and Eriogonum scholar +
for Thomas Drummond +
K
Derivation obscure, perhaps for Anders Kallström, 1733–1812, a contemporary of Scopoli +
For Peter Kalm, 1715–1779, Swedish botanist, pupil of Linnaeus, collector in eastern North America +
Genus Kalmia and Greek opsis, resemblance +
For Baron W. F. von Karvinsky, 1780–1855, botanical collector in Brazil and Mexico +
For William Kerr, d. 1814 collector in the far east, sponsored by Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, and superintendent of Botanic Garden, Peradinaya, Sri Lanka +
For Nils Conrad Kindberg, 1832 – 1910, Swedish bryologist +
For Christoph Ludwig Koeberlin, 1794–1862, German clergyman and botanist +
Genus Kopsia and Greek -opsis, resemblance +
For Vincenz Franz Kosteletzky, 1801 – 1887, Czech botanist +
For either Johann Georg Heinrich Kramer, 1684–1744, Austrian Army physician and botanist, or his son William Heinrich Kramer, d. 1765, Austrian physician and naturalist, or both +
For Antonio Krapovickas, b. 1921 Argentinian botanist +
for S. P. Krasheninnikova, 1711–1755, academician and professor in Saint Petersburg, author of the first flora of Saint Petersburg +
For Carl Wilhelm Krug, 1833–1898, major collaborator with Urban on the West Indian flora, and Greek dendron, tree +
L
Greek lachne, wool, and anthos, flower, in reference to pubescent flowers +
Greek lachnos, wool, and chaulos, stem, in reference to the long, soft, upwardly pointed hairs on scapes of the type +
For Magnus Lagerstroem, 1696–1759, friend of Linnaeus and supporter of Uppsala University +
Greek lago, hare, and phyllon, leaf, alluding to sericeous leaves of original species +
Genus Laguna, for Andrés de Laguna, 1499 – 1559 Spanish botanist and physician to Pope Julius III, and - aria, similarity +
Latin laguncula, flask or bottle, and aria, pertaining, alluding to fruit shape +
Greek lapsanae, a vegetable mentioned by Dioscorides, perhaps actually Raphanus, with lyrate leaves resembling those of Lapsana +
Lapsana, generic name, and Latin - astrum, indicating inferiority or an incomplete resemblance +
For Juan Antonio Pérez Hernández de Larrea, 1730–1803, Catholic bishop of Valladolid, Spain +
For José Victorino Lastarria Santander, 1817–1888, lawyer and founder of the Liberal Party in Chile +
For J. Cl. M. Mordant de Launay, 1750–1816, lawyer, later librarian at Musée d’Histoire Naturelle, Paris +
For René-Théophile-Hyacinthe Laënnec, 1781–1826, French physician, inventor of the stethoscope +
For Melines Conkling Leavenworth, 1796–1862, American physician and botanist who collected in the southeastern United States +
For G. W. Leibnitz, 1646–1716, philosopher, political advisor, mathematician, and scientist +
named for Dr. Edward Frederick Leitner, 1812-1838, German physician, naturalist, and explorer of southern Florida +
Greek lenos, trough, and phyllon, leaf +
Greek lepis, scale, and anthos, flower, referring to small, scalelike flowers +
Greek lepidos, scale, and sparton, Spanish broom (the plant) +
Greek leptos, slender, and arrhen, male, alluding to stamen filaments +
Greek leptos, narrow, and genus Bryum, alluding to leaf shape +
Greek leptos, thin, alluding to fine outline of laminal cells +
Greek leptos, slender, and odontos, tooth, alluding to narrow peristome teeth +
Greek leptos, thin, and hymen, membrane, alluding to endostomial basal membrane +
Greek, leptos, slender, and genus Pterigynandrum y +
Greek leptos, slender or small, and sperma, seed, alluding to form and size +
Genus Leptostomum and Greek -opsis, resemblance +
Greek lepyron, scale, and petalon, petals, alluding to scalelike petals inserted into calyx +
Greek lepyron, rind or husk, and diklis, double-folding, alluding to two-valved capsule +
For Charles Léo Lesquereux, 1806 – 1889, Swiss-American bryologist and paleontol o gist +
For C. F. Lessing, 1809–1862, German-born botanist, his nephew K. F. Lessing, and grandfather G. E. Lessing +
Leucanthemum, a genus name, plus Latin - ella, diminutive +
Greek leuco- , white, and anthemon, flower +
Greek leuc-, white, and Iva, a related genus, perhaps alluding to white indument of leaves +
Greek leukos, white, and bryon, moss +
Greek leucos, white, and krinon, lily +
Greek leucos, white, and lepis, scale, alluding to stem leaves +
Greek leukos, white, and phyllon, leaf +
Greek leucos, white or clear, and spora, seed, alluding to transparency of matured seeds +
Greek limne, marsh, and anthe, flower, alluding to habitat +
Greek limne, pool, and philos, loving, alluding to habitat +
For Sextus Otto Lindberg, 1835 – 1889, Scandinavian br y ologist +
For Ferdinand Jacob Lindheimer, 1801–1879, German expatriate, botanist/intellect, settled in Texas +
Greek liparos, fat, greasy, or shining, referring to the almost oily feel and luster of the leaves typical of plants in this genus +
Greek, leipo, to fall, and carpha, chaff, referring to deciduous transparent inner secondary scale of the spikelet in many species +
Latin liquidus, fluid, liquid, and Arabic ambar, amber +
Greek lirion, lily, and dendron, tree +
Greek lithos, stone, and carpos, fruit, referring to the hard fruit wall +
Latin littora, shores, and -ella, small, alluding to small lakeshore habitat +
for Patrick Murray, Baron of Livingstone (d. 1671), whose collections formed the nucleus of the Edinburgh Botanic Garden +
for Edward Lloyd (Lhwyd in Welsh), 1660–1709, curator of the Oxford Museum, who first found Lloydia serotina in the mountains of Wales +
For P. Loefling, 1729–1756, Swedish botanist and explorer +
For Leopold Loeske, 1865 – 1935, German bryologist and journalist, and Greek bryon, moss +
For Leopold Loeske, 1865–1935, German botanist, and Greek hypnum, lichen or, by usage, pleurocarpous moss +
Lomaria, a subgenus of Blechnum (Blechnaceae), plus Greek - opsis, like +
Greek lophos, crest, and phoreus, a bearer, in reference to tufts of hairs in areoles +
For Loran Crittenden Anderson, b. 1936, fervent American enthusiast of Asteraceae, especially Chrysothamnus and related taxa +
For Paul Günter Lorentz, 1835–1881, German bryologist +
For Friedrich Benjamin Lütke (later russified to Count Fyodor Petrovich Litke), 1797 – 1882 Russian sea captain and Arctic explorer +
For Alphonse Luisier, 1872–1957, French bryologist +
For Istrán Lumnitzer, 1750–1806, Hungarian botanist +
possibly from Italian lucciola, to shine, sparkle, or Latin gramen luzulae or luxulae, diminutive of lux, light, because hairs of several species have shiny appearance when covered with dew +
Lycopodium, a genus name, and - ella, diminutive +
Greek lygos, twig or stick, and desme, bundle, alluding to clumped, sticklike stems with reduced leaves +
For John Lyon, 1765–1814, Scottish-born, early American botanist and explorer of southern Appalachians +
For William Scrugham Lyon, 1851 – 1916 botanist, nurseryman, plant collector in California and Philippines, and Greek thamnos, bush or shrub +
Greek lysis, dissolve, and chiton, a tunic, referring to the spathe, which withers soon after flowering +
Greek lysis, dissolve, and mache, strife, alluding to soothing properties +
M
Latin machaera, sword, and anthera, anther, alluding to curved, sword-shaped anther appendages +
for Alexander Macleay, 1767-1848, Scottish botanist, entomologist, and Secretary to the Colony of New South Wales +
Greek makros, large, and aden, gland, probably referring to the prominent viscidium, which is often referred to as a “gland” +
Greek macros, long, and antheros, anther, alluding to long-exserted stamens +
Greek macros, long, and kome, hair, alluding to long hairs on calyptrae of some species +
Greek macros, long, and mitra, cap, alluding to large calyptra +
Greek makros, large, thelys, female, and pteris, fern +
For Pierre Magnol (1638-1715), professor and director of the botanical garden at Montpellier, France +
Latin Maius, May, and Greek anthemon, flower +
Greek malakos, soft, and melon, apple +
Greek malakos, soft, or malache, mallow, and thamnos, shrub, alluding to habit +
Greek malakos, soft, and thrix, hair +
Greek malle, arm-hole, and pherein, to bear, in reference to the seed pockets of the fruits +
Latin name derived from Greek malacho, to soften, alluding to emollient qualities of some species +
Genus Malva and Latin -astrum, incomplete resemblance +
Latin, malva mallow, and viscidus, sticky, alluding to sap +
Latin mamilla, nipple, in reference to shap e of tubercles, which produce “milky” white latex in some species +
Malabar Manil, from Portuguese Manilhas Insulas (Manila, Philippines), and kara, edible fruit +
Anagram of specific epithet salmantica +
For Moses Marshall, 1758–1813, American botanist, nephew of and assistant to Humphrey Marshall +
for Car 1863, physicist at the University of Florence, Italy +
Genus Maurandya and Latin -ella, diminutive, alluding to presence of personate corolla in Maurandella +
Latin Mauros, a native of North Africa, and Greek anthemon, flower +
Greek mazos, breast, alluding to two ridges on abaxial lip of corolla or to nipplelike tubercles at inner throat of corolla in M. pumilus +
For Antoni de Meca-Caçador-Cardona i de Beatrin, 1726–1788, benefactor of Royal College of Surgery of Barcelona +
Greek meio-, fewer, and trichos, hair, alluding to calyptra +
Greek melas, black, and leukos, white, alluding to colors of tree trunk and branches, respectively, in M. leucadendron, the type species +
Greek melam- (combining form of melas before b and p), black, and pyros, wheat, alluding to color of seeds +
Greek melan, black, and Latin, anthera, anther +
Greek melas, black, and anthos, flower, alluding to the black perianth in some species +
Greek melas, black, and stoma, opening, alluding to stained mouth, especially of children, when fruits of some species are eaten +
Greek mene, moon, and sperma, seed +
For Archibald Menzies, 1754–1842, Scottish physician and naturalist with Vancouver Expedition 1790–1795, whobrought the type species from the Northwest Coast +
Latin Mercurius, Roman mythological deity, and -alis, belonging to, alluding to belief that it was discovered by him +
Greek mesembria, midday, and anthemum, blo oming +
Greek mesos, half, and pilos, felt or ball, perhaps alluding to shape of medlar fruit resembling half a ball +
Greek micros, small, and anthemom, flower +
Greek mikros, small, and anthos, flower +
Greek mikros, small, and bryon, moss +
Latin micro-, small, and mitra, headband, alluding to small calyptra +
Greek micros, little, and Monolepis, the genus in which this ta xon is often placed +
Greek micro -, small, and seris, endive or chicory +
Greek mikros, small, and stachys, spike, alluding to inflorescence +
Greek micro- , small, and genus Thlaspi +
For Mathias Mielichhofer, 1772 – 1847, Austrian collector of generitype specimen +
Greek mimos, imitator, and anthe, flower, alluding to Mimulus-like corolla +
Latin mimulus, diminutive of mimus, comic or mimic actor, alluding to monkey-faced corolla of some species +
for P. H. G. Moehring, 1710–1791, Danzig naturalist +
Latin mordicus, biting, alluding to sculptured seed surfaces and margins, appearing as though bitten +
For Josephus Monninus (José Moñino y Redondo), eighteenth-century Spanish Count of Florida-Blanca, administrator, and patron of botany +
Greek monos, one, and ptilon, soft feather, alluding to pappus of M. bellidiforme, a solitary plumose bristle +
Greek monos, one, and tropos, turn or direction, alluding to flowers all turned in one direction on inflorescence axis +
opsis, resemblance +
For Charles A. Mosier, 1871–1936, first superintendent of Royal Palm State Park, Florida’s first state park (now Everglades National Park) +
for H. G. Muehlenbeck, 1798–1845, Swiss physician +
For P. A. Munz, 1892–1974, American botanist, and Greek thamnos, shrub +
Greek <i>mycel-</i>, fungus or mass of threads, and <i>-is</i>, association, alluding to tuft of long fine hairs at junction of corolla tube and limb +
Greek myo, to shut, and poros, hole, alluding to transparent spots on leaves closed with pellucid substance +
Greek mus, mouse, and oura, tail, from shape and texture of the fruiting head of M. minimus. +
Genus Myrcia and Greek anthos, flower, alluding to resemblance +
Greek myrios, countless, and phyllon, leaf, alluding to capillary segments of lower and/or submersed leaves +
Greek mys, mouse, oura, tail, and clados, branch, alluding to resemblance +
N
from Greek Narkissos, mythological youth who fell in love with his own reflection and changed into a flower +
Greek Narthex, rod, alluding to appearance of stems +
Latin nasus, nose, and tortus, distortion, alluding to pungency of plants +
Genus Neckera and Greek -opsis, resemblance +
For Patrick Neill, 1776 – 1851 Scottish printer, naturalist, and secretary of the Caledonian Horticultural Society +
Greek nema, thread, and Greek kaulos, stem +
Greek nema, thread, and stylos, pillar or rod, alluding to the style with threadlike arms +
Greek neo-, new, gaea, earth or world, and rhinum, nose, alluding to being native to the New World +
For the Holmgren family: Arthur Hermann Holmgren, 1912–1992, Noel Herman Holmgren, b. 1937, and Patricia Kern Holmgren, b. 1940 +
Greek neos, new, and the genus name Lloydia, for Francis Ernest Lloyd, 1868–1947, Canadian botanist +
For John Macoun, 1831 – 1920 Canadian botanist and explorer +
For Guy L. Nesom, b. 1945, American botanist, avid researcher of Asteraceae +
Greek nephros, kidney, and lepis, scale, in reference to shape of the indusia +
Greek neros, flowing, and genus Syrenia, presumably alluding to resemblance +
For Jean Nicholas Nicollet, 1786–1843, “…who spent several years in exploring the country watered by the Mississippi and Missouri rivers, and who was employed by the United States Government in a survey of the region….” Quoted from protologue. +
Greek nipha, snow, and trichos, hair, alluding to hoary appearance owing to hyaline hair-pointed leaves +
Japanese Nippon, name of Japan, and Greek anthemon, flower +
Greek nitron, native soda, and philios, loving, for the habitat preference of the plants +
For Domenico Nocca, 1758–1841, Italian clergyman, botanist, director of botanic garden at Pavia +
Anagram of genus name Pterogonium +
for Abbé C. P. Nolin, eighteenth-century French arboriculturist and director of the royal nurseries +
Greek notho -, false, and Calaïs, a synonym of Microseris +
Greek notho-, spurious, and generic name Chelone +
Greek notho, false, and chlaena, coat, in reference to the reflexed leaf segment margins that form false indusia +
Greek nothos, false, and scordon, garlic +
For Thomas Nuttall, 1786–1859, British naturalist and plant collector, and Greek anthos, flower +
Greek nyct, night, in reference to noctural flowering +
Greek nymphaia and Latin nymphaea, water-lily, from Latin (nympha) or Greek (nymphe) mythology, goddess of mountains, waters, meadows, and forests +
O
Greek okto, eight, and blepharis, eyelash, alluding to peristome teeth +
Greek odontos, tooth, and -ites, connection or association, alluding to traditional use to treat toothaches +
Greek odontos, tooth, and stoma, mouth, alluding to the erect, subulate filaments at the flower throat +
Greek oikeios, of a household (Latin oeceos), and Latin clades, destruction, possibly alluding to breaking up of existing classification +
Greek oidema, swelling or tumor, and Latin podium, platform, alluding to capsule neck +
Greek oinos, wine, and thera, seeking or catching, alluding to roots of some unknown plants possessing perfume of wine, perhaps misapplied by Linnaeus +
Greek oligos, few, and meros, part, alluding to fewer stamens and petals than in other genera of family +
Greek oligo-, few, and trichos, hair, alluding to calyptra +
Greek omalo, even or equal, and theke, container, envelope, or sheath, perhaps alluding to involucres +
Greek onkos, tumor, and phoros, bearing, alluding to goiterlike swelling (struma) at base of capsule +
Greek onos, vessel, and kleiein, to close, in reference to the sori, which are enclosed by the revolute fertile leaf margins +
Latin ophis, snakelike, and glossa, tongue, in reference to the sporophore tip +
Greek oreios, of mountains, and chrysos, gold +
Greek oreo, mountain, and stemma, crown +
Greek, ornis, bird, and gala, milk, alluding to the color of the flowers +
Greek ornithos, bird, and staphyle, cluster of grapes, allusion obscure +
Greek orobos, a kind of vetch, and anchein, to strangle, alluding to host plant and parasitic habit +
Greek horos, mountain, and generic name Chaenactis +
Greek orthos, straight, and ilium, side or flank, possibly alluding to secund inflorescence +
Greek orthos, straight, and carpos, fruit, alluding to distinctness from Melampyrum, which has oblique fruits +
Greek, ortho- , straight, and odon, tooth, alluding to peristome teeth +
Greek orthos, straight, and theke, case, alluding to erect capsule +
Greek, orthos, straight, and trichos, hair, alluding to straight, erect calyptral hairs in many species +
Greek oryche, pit, and phragmos, partition, alluding to fruit septum +
Greek osteon, bone, and sperma, seed, alluding to hard fruits of original species +
Latin ostrya, hop-hornbeam, from Greek ostryos, scale, in reference to the scaly infructescences +
Malay am ottelambel, apparently from otta, to stick to, in reference to thin leaves that stick to body, and am bel, nymphaea +
Greek oxys, sour, and dendron, tree, alluding to taste of twigs and leaves +
Greek oxys, acute, and rhynchos, nose, alluding to beaked operculum +
Greek oön, egg, and - opsis, likeness, alluding to a perceived egglike appearance of heads +
P
Greek pachys, thick, and Cereus, a genus of cacti +
Greek <i>pachys</i>, stout, and <i>pachys</i>, man, alluding to thickness of staminal filaments +
Greek palame, palm, and clados, branch, alluding to spreading branches, although inappropriately +
for R. T. Palhinha (1871–1950), a Portuguese botanist +
Classical Greek name, perhaps derived from pálin, again or once more, and oúron or oureó, urine or to make water, alluding to diuretic properties of roots and leaves of P. spina-christi +
Latin palustris, marshy, and -ella, diminutive, alluding to habitat +
Latin papula, nipple, alluding to leaf cell papillae +
Greek para-, near, and genus Leucobryum, alluding to resemblance +
Greek para, beside or near, and generic name Senecio +
Latin paries, wall, referring to habitat of original species +
Greek para- , beside, and onyx or onychos, fingernail, alluding to use for treating whitlow or felon, a disease of the fingernails +
For William E. Parry, 1790–1855, arctic explorer during whose first expedition to the North American Arctic (1819–1820) specimens of the genus were first collected +
For D. B. Pascal, French/Italian physician/botanist, once director of royal garden at Parma +
Latin passio, passion or suffering, and flos, flower, alluding to floral morphology perceived to symbolize Christ’s crucifixion +
For Anna Paulowna Romanov, 1795–1865, Grand Duchess of Russia and daughter of Czar Paul I, Hereditary Princess of the Netherlands +
For Edwin Blake Payson, 1893–1927, American botanist and first monographer of Lesquerella +
Latin pediculus, louse, alluding to belief that livestock feeding on P. palustris developed lice +
Greek pedio, a plain, referring to its supposed habitat, and Cactus, an old genus name +
Greek pelex, helmet, in reference to dorsal sepal, which is united with petals to form narrow hood +
Greek pelte, small shield, and andros, male, referring to the shield-shaped tops of the staminate flowers +
Greek penios, thread, and Cereus, a genus of cacti +
Greek pente, five, and stemon, stamen, alluding to the conspicuous nature of the staminode +
Greek pente, five, and chaite, long hair, alluding to 5 pappus bristles of type species, Pentachaeta aurea +
Greek penta, five, and gramma, lines (as in written characters), for the pentagonal leaf blades +
Genus Pera and Greek phyllon, leaf, alluding to resemblance to leaves of P. arborea +
Greek, peri, very, and callos, beautiful, used by Homer for “very beautiful” +
Latin, persica, peach, and - aria, pertaining to, alluding to resemblance of leaves of some species +
Attributed to Dioscorides, Greek petasos, broad-brimmed hat, alluding to large basal leaves +
Greek petros, rock, and doria, an early name for goldenrods +
Greek petros, rock, and phyton, plant, alluding to habitat +
Greek petra- , rock, and rhagas, rent or chink, translation of Latin saxifraga, rockbreaking, alluding to prevalence in rock crevices +
Greek peuke, pine or fir, and phyllon, leaf +
Greek phalakros, bald-headed, and seris, a kind of endive +
Greek phaneros, free, and phlebium, vein, for the nonanastomosing venation found in the type species, P. nobilis +
Greek phaulos, paltry, uncomely, ill to handle, and thamnos, shrub +
Greek mythological name, possibly for Phaedimus, mythical son of Amphion and Niobe, slain by Apollo +
Greek phegos, beech, and pteris, fern +
apparently Greek ephemeros, living for one day, and anthos, flower +
Greek phil-, loving, and adelphos, brother, traditionally (but on uncertain grounds) considered to be an honorific for Ptolemy Philadelphus, 309–246 B.C.E., King of Ptolemaic Egypt +
Greek philo- , loving, and notis, moisture, alluding to habitat +
Greek phlebos, vein, referring to the prominent venation +
Greek phoebus, the sun, and anthos, flower +
Greek phoenix, date palm, and kaulos, stem, alluding to petiolar remains +
Greek phor, thief, and dendron, tree, alluding to parasitism +
Genus Phyllanthus and Greek -opsis, resembling +
Greek phyllon, leaf, and anthos, flower, alluding to apparent production of flowers on leaves (actually plagiotropic branchlets) of some species +
A sea-nymph in Greek mythology, allusion obscure +
Greek phyllon, leaf, and spadix, spadix +
Genus Physcomitrium and Latin -ella, diminutive +
Greek physa, bladder, and mitrion, little turban, alluding to often urn-like calyptra +
Greek physa, bladder, and karpos, fruit, alluding to inflated follicles of some species +
Greek phyton, plant, and Latin lacca, crimson dye, in reference to the pigment the berries yield +
Generic name Picradenia and Greek - opsis, resembling +
Greek picro- , bitter, and thamnos, bush, alluding to bitterness of the plants +
Latin pilosus, shaggy, and Cer eus, a genus of cacti +
Greek pilos, cap, and stylos, pillar or column, alluding to style terminated by caplike stigma +
Greek pinaro, dirty, squalid, and pappos, pappus, alluding to color of pappi +
For Louis Piré, 1827 – 1887, Belgian bryologist and father-in-law of Jules Cardot, and Latin - ella, diminutive +
Latin Piso, for Willem Pies, c. 1611–1678, Dutch physician and botanist who collected in northeastern Brazil in the mid-eighteenth century under the auspices of Prince Johan Maurits van Nassau +
Greek pitys, pine, and opsis, appearance or likeness, alluding to pine-needlelike leaves of P. pinifolia +
Greek pityros, bran, and gramma, lines (as in written characters), referring to the farina covering the abaxial leaf blade surface +
Genus Plagiobryum and Greek -oides, similarity +
Greek plagios, oblique, and bryon, moss, alluding to markedly oblique mouth of capsule +
Greek plagios, oblique, and mnion, moss, alluding to arching sterile stems +
Greek, plagios, oblique, and theke, case, alluding to capsule orientation +
Greek planis, wanderer, and –odes, resemblance, alluding to original assignment to another genus +
Greek platys, broad, and anthera, anther +
Greek platys, broad, and eilema, envelope, alluding to broad phyllaries +
Greek platys, broad, and dictyon, net, alluding to pattern of laminal cells +
Greek platys, broad, and gyros, circle, alluding to wide annulus +
Genus name Platyloma and Latin -ella, diminutive, alluding to replaced later homonym +
Greek platys, broad, and genus Schkuhria +
Greek platus, broad, and stemon, stamen +
Greek platy, broad, and thely(s) , woman, alluding to the broad, flat rostellum +
Probably for Julius August Plaubel, fl. 1828–1834, mycologist and homeopathist of Gotha, Thuringia +
Greek plektos, woven, and kephale, head, alluding to interwoven fringes of phyllaries +
Greek pleio, in compounds, more than usual, and acanthos, a prickly plant, or acantha, thorn +
Greek pleos, many, and pelte, shield, in reference to the peltate scales covering immature sori +
Greek pleros, very many, aden-, gland, and -phoros, bearing, alluding to many glands on leaves and subtending floral bracts +
Greek pleurikos, of the side, and spora, sown seed, alluding to parietal placentation +
Greek pleura, side or rib, and chaite, long hair or mane, alluding to laterally borne sporophytes +
Greek pleura, side, and korone, crown, alluding to squamellae that appear to form a crown subtending bristles +
Greek pleuron, rib, and thallos, branch, referring to cespitose, slender, aerial shoots +
Genus Pleurozium and Greek opsis, resembling +
Greek pleura, side, and ozos, branch, alluding to pinnate branching +
Greek podos, foot, and phyllon leaf +
Greek podos, foot, and stemon, stamen, alluding to stamens elevated on foot-stalk (andropodium) +
Greek poly-, numerous, and karpos, fruit, alluding to the numerous capsules +
Greek polys, many, and karpos, fruit, alluding to numerous capsules +
Greek poly, numerous, and kneme, limb, in reference to the numerous branches resembling the spokes of a wheel +
Greek polys, many, and ctenos, comb, alluding to leaves +
Genus Polygala and Latin -oides, resembling +
Greek poly- , many, and gony, knee, in reference to the jointed rhizome +
genus name Polygonum and Latin - ella, diminutive +
Greek poly, many, and gony, knee joint (traditional interpretation), or gone, seed (grammatically correct interpretation) +
Greek poly, many, and pous, podion, little foot, in allusion to numerous knoblike prominences of the stem +
Greek polys, many, and premnon, stump or stem, alluding to diffuse much-branched habit +
Greek poly, many, and stachys, spike, alluding to many branchlets of the inflorescence in some species +
Greek poly, many, and stichos, row, presumably in reference to the rows of sori on each pinna +
for Giulio Pontedera, 1688–1757, Italian botanist +
For Henri de Ponthieu, a West Indian merchant who sent plant collections to Sir Joseph Banks in 1778 +
Greek poros, hole, and phyllon, leaf, alluding to gland-dotted leaf blades +
Greek poros, hole, and trichos, hair, alluding to perforated inner peristome segments +
Greek potamos, river, and geiton, neighbor +
Latin potens, powerful, and - illa, diminutive, alluding to supposed medicinal qualities of some species +
Genus Poterium and Latin -idium, diminutive +
Genus Prenanthes and Latin - ella, diminutive, alluding to original assignment of type species +
Greek prenes, drooping, and anthos, flower, alluding to drooping heads +
For John Prescott (d. 1837), a British botanist resident in Russia who traveled widely in northern Asia +
Greek prostheke, appendix, in reference to appendage on back of column +
Genus Psathyrotes and Greek - opsis, appearance +
Greek pseud- , false, and genus Abutilon +
Greek pseudo- , false or resembling, and generic name Elephantopus +
Greek pseud-, false or resembling, and genus Ephemerum +
Greek pseudes, false, and generic name Bahia +
Greek pseudes, false, and genus Braunia, alluding to resemblance +
Greek pseudes, false, and genus Bryum, alluding to similarity +
Greek pseudes, false, and genus Calliergon +
Greek pseudes, false, and genus Campylium +
Greek pseudo, resembling but not equaling, and generic name Clappia +
Greek pseudes, false, and genus Crossidium +
Greek pseudes, false, and genus Cryphaea +
Greek pseudo- , false, and genus Cydonia, alluding to resemblance +
Greek pseudes, false, and genus Ditrichum, alluding to similar gametophyte morphology +
Greek pseudo -, deceptively similar, and genus name Gnaphalium, alluding to resemblance +
Greek pseudo - , false or resembling, and genus Gynoxys +
Greek pseudes, false, and genus Leskea +
Greek pseudes, false, and genus Leskeella +
Green pseudo-, false, and Latin -ella, diminutive, meaning false little Lycopodium, because of its resemblance to Lycopodiella +
from Greek pseudos, false, and Phoenix, the date palm +
Greek pseudo, false, and the generic name Orchis +
Greek pseudo, false, and genus Orontium, alluding to resemblance of seeds +
Greek pseudo- , false, and genus Scleropodium +
Greek pseudo- , false, and genus Stellaria, alluding to resemblance +
Greek pseud os, false, and genus Taxiphyllum +
Greek pseudo, false, and tsuga, hemlock +
Greek psilos, slender, and karphos, chaff, alluding to papery paleae of heads +
Greek psilos, naked, and pilon, hair, alluding to calyptra +
Greek pter- , winged, gyne, female, and andros, male, presumably alluding to lateral position of gametoecia +
Greek pteris, fern, derived from pteron, wing or feather, for the closely spaced pinnae, which give the leaves a likeness to feathers +
Greek pteron, wing, and kaulos, stem, alluding to stems winged by decurrent leaf bases +
Greek pteron, wing, glossa, tongue, and aspis, shield +
Greek pteron, wing, and spora, sown seed, alluding to membranous wing on each seed +
Greek pteron, wing, and stege, covering, alluding to winged bract +
Greek pterygos, wing, and neuron, nerve, alluding to longitudinal costal lamellae +
Greek ptyx, fold, and mitra, turban, alluding to plicate calyptra +
Greek ptyx, folded, and sperma, seed, in reference to the ridged endocarp +
Greek ptychos, fold, and stoma, mouth, alluding to pleated appearance of capsule mouth +
Greek phoenikeos, reddish purple, alluding to classical name punicum malum, apple of Carthage +
For Frederick Traugott Pursh, 1774 – 1820, German botanist, student of North American flora +
Genus Pylaisia and Greek adelphos, brother, alluding to resemblance +
Greek pyr, fire, and acanthos, thorn, alluding to fiery thorns +
Latin pyramis, pyramid, and -ula, diminutive, alluding to calyptra +
Greek pyrrho, flame-colored, and bryon, moss, alluding to peristome +
Greek pyrrhos, yellowish red, and pappos, pappus, alluding to color of pappi +
Greek pyrrhos, reddish or tawny, and kome, hair of the head, alluding to reddish pappi in some species +
Greek pyxidos, small box, and antheros, anther, alluding to opening of anthers by transverse slit, simulating box lid +
Q
R
Greek rhakos, rag or remnant, and mitra, turban, alluding to calyptra frazzled or lobed at base +
Greek rhakos, rag or remnant, and pilos, felt cap, alluding to basally torn calyptra of some taxa +
For Constantin Samuel Rafinesque, 1783–1840, naturalist and polymath who traveled widely in nineteenth-century America +
Raillardia, orthographic variant of generic name Railliardia, and Latin - ella, diminutive +
Latin rana, frog, unculus, little, allusion to the wet habitats in which some species grow +
For Raymond Carl Jackson, b. 1928, American botanist and plant geneticist +
Latin re- , again, and sedo, calm, assuage, alluding to medicinal properties attributed by Pliny the Elder to plants growing close to Rimini (Italy) +
For Alvaro Reynoso, 1829–1888, Cuban chemist and agriculturalist, who revolutionized the sugar industry +
Greek rhabdos, rod, presumably alluding to ribbed capsule, and genus Weissia, alluding to resemblance +
Greek rhachis, ridge, and theke, case, alluding to ribbed capsule +
Greek rhagado, crack or split, and - olus, diminutive, perhaps alluding to gaps between margins of enfolding phyllaries +
Greek rhapidos, a rod, and phyllon, leaf, in reference to the spines of the leafbases, or perhaps meaning having the leaf of Rhapis (a genus of small Asian palms) +
Greek rhexis, breaking, and phyllon, leaf, alluding to fissile distal leaf margins +
Greek rhis, nose or snout, and anthos, flower, alluding to protruding adaxial lip of corolla +
Greek rhiza, root, and mnion, moss, alluding to large, branched rhizoids +
Greek rhiza, root, and phoros, bearing, alluding to conspicuous prop roots +
Greek rhodon, rose, and bryon, moss, alluding to leaf rosettes +
Greek rhodon, rose and dendron, tree +
Greek rhodon, rose or red, and genus Myrtus, alluding to flower color +
Greek rhodon, rose, and typos, pattern, alluding to resemblance to genus Rosa +
Greek rhynchos, beak, and generic name Sida, a lluding to beaked mericarps +
Greek rhynchos, snout, and spora, seed +
Greek rhynchos, nose, and stego, cover, alluding to rostrate operculum +
Genus Rhytidium and Greek adelphos, brother, alluding to relationship +
Genus Rhytidium and Greek - opsis, appearance, alluding to similar leaves +
Invalid genus name Roellia and Greek bryon, moss, to coin a valid name for the genus +
For Eugenio Montaña y Roldan Otumbensi, who evidently was heroic in a battle on the plains of Apam +
for Rev. T. Romney Robinson, 1792-1882, Irish astronomer at Armagh and friend of Thomas Coulter, botanist at Dublin +
For Romulus, one of the mythical founders of Rome, the type species of the genus being common around that city +
Latin rosula, rosette, and Greek bryon, moss, alluding to clustering of leaves +
For Olaus (Olof) Johannes Rudbeck, 1630–1702, and Olaus (Olof) Olai Rudbeck, 1660–1740, father and son, professors at Uppsala University, predecessors of Linnaeus +
classical Latin name for sorrel, probably derived from rumo, to suck, alluding to the practice among Romans of sucking the leaves to allay thirst +
S
For F. G. J. von Sachs, 1832–1897, German plant physiologist, noted by Grisebach to be “ingeniosi” +
Latin sagina, ancient name for Spergula once included in Sagina, a feasting, fatten, alluding to early use as forage +
Latin sagitta, arrow +
Greek sairos, curling back lips to show teeth, and karpos, fruit, perhaps alluding to recurved teeth of capsules +
Latin sal, salt, cornu, horn, in reference to the appearance of the plant and its association with saline habitats +
for Antonia Maria Salvini,1653--1729, an Italian professor of Greek who helped Micheli with his botanical work. +
For John Herman Sandberg, 1848–1917, Swedish-born American botanist and physician who collected extensively in the Pacific Northwest +
Latin sanguis, blood, in reference to color of sap +
Latin sanguis, blood, and sorbeo, to absorb, apparently alluding to traditional European and Asian uses to stop external or internal bleeding, suggested by dark red flowers of some species and medieval doctrine of signatures +
for Raimond de Sangro, Prince of Sanseviero +
Greek sarco, flesh, and batos, bramble, alluding to the leaves and thorns +
Greek sarco, fleshy, and Latin cornis, horned, in reference to the appearance of the plants +
Latin sarmentosus, stoloniferous, and genus Hypnum +
For Michel Sarrazin de l’Etang, 1659–1734, King’s physician in New France, who sent specimens to Europe +
For Henry P. Sartwell, 1792–1867, “one of my earliest and most valued botanical correspondents….” Quoted from protologue. +
For Nicolas Théodore (1767–1845) and Horace Bénédict (1740–1799) de Saussure, Swiss naturalists +
Latin saxum, rock, and frango, to break, alluding to growth in rock crevices and/or medical use for kidney stones +
Genus Saxifraga and Greek opsis, resemblance +
Latin scabra, rough, and related genus Wyethia +
For Jacob Christian Schaeffer, 1718–1790, German botanist, zoologist, theologian, and clergyman +
For Johann Jakob Scheuchzer, 1672–1733, Swiss botanist +
For Christian Julius Wilhelm Schiede, 1798–1836, a German naturalist and plant collector in Mexico +
Greek schisis, splitting, and andro, male +
Greek schistos, split or divided, and -idium, diminutive, alluding to peristome +
Greek schist, cleft, and phragma, fence, alluding to incomplete septum of ovary and fruit +
Greek schistos, split or divided, and stego, cover, apparently alluding to erroneous observation that operculum splits +
For Ernst Friedrich von Schlotheim, 1764 – 1832, German paleontologist +
Greek schoinos, rope, and bryon, moss, alluding to appearance of stems, particularly when dry +
Greek schoenos, rush, and caulos, stem +
Greek schoenos, rush, and lirion, white lily +
Greek schoinos, a rush, reed, and plectos, plaited, twisted, woven, in reference to the use of culms in making useful objects +
Genus Schwetschkea and Greek -opsis, resembling +
Latin sciurus, squirrel, and genus Hypnum, alluding to appearance reminiscent of squirrel tail +
Greek skleros, hard, and anthos, flower, alluding to the indurate hypanthium +
Greek sclero, hard, cruel, in reference to the hooked spines, and Cactus, an old genus name +
Greek skleros, hard, and karpos, fruit, alluding to hardened paleae enfolding disc cypselae +
Greek scleros, hard, and lepis, scale, alluding to pappus +
Greek skleros, hard, and linon, flax, alluding to fruit +
Greek skleros, hard, and podion, foot, alluding to stiff seta +
Greek skolios, crooked, and - pous, footed, alluding to the tortuous, recurved pedicels +
Greek skopelos, crag, and philia, fondness, alluding to characteristic rocky habitat +
Greek scopulus, rock or crag, and phil, fond of, alluding to habitat +
Latin scorpio, scorpion, alluding to shoot apex curved like a scorpion tail in S. scorpioides +
Association with the disease scrofula by the doctrine of signatures +
from Selago, an ancient name for Lycopodium, a genus resembling Selaginella, and Latin, -ella, diminutive suffix +
Greek selene, moon, in re ference to nocturnal blooming, and Cereus, the genus from which this segregate was removed +
Greek sematos, mark, and phyllon, leaf, alluding to inflated row of alar cells +
Latin semper, always, and vivum, that which is alive +
reputedly from Latin senex, old man or woman, alluding to the white pappus bristles resembling the white hair of an elderly person +
For Sequoyah, also known as George Guess, inventor and publisher of the Cherokee alphabet +
Sequoia, generic name of coast redwood, and Greek dendros, tree +
Greek sericos, silky, and carpos, fruit, alluding to densely pubescent cypselae +
For John Shepherd, 1764–1836, curator of the Liverpool Botanic Garden +
For Lloyd Herbert Shinners, 1918–1971, botanist, long at Southern Methodist University, founder of the journal Sida +
For Lloyd H. Shinners, 1918–1971, American botanist +
Genus Sibara and Greek opsis, appearance +
Genus Sibbaldia and Greek – opsis, resembling +
Greek sikyos, cucumber or gourd, and sperma, seed +
Greek sideros, iron, and xylon, wood, alluding to durability +
For Johann August Carl Sievers, 1762–1795, German-born apothecary who explored eastern Russia in search of medicinal rhubarb +
For Thomas Williams Simmonds, d. 1804, English naturalist +
Greek Sino- , pertaining to China, and generic name Senecio +
Latinized ancient Greek name used by Dioscorides and Pliny for various species of mustards +
Greek sys, pig, and rynchos, snout, alluding to swine grubbing the roots for food +
For John Kunkel Small, 1869–1938, American botanist +
For Timotheus Smielowsky, 1769–1815, Russian botanist and pharmacist from St. Petersburg +
For Captain Soleirol, collector in Corsica +
Latin solidus, whole, and - ago, resembling or becoming, probably alluding to healing properties +
For H. M. C. L. F. zu Solms-Laubach, 1842–1915, German botanist +
Greek sphoron, modest, and anthos, flower, alluding to small flowers +
genus name Spergula, and Latin -aria, pertaining to +
Greek sphaera, sphere, and alkea, mallow, alluding to arrangement of mericarps in a spherical head +
Greek sphaira, sphere, and meros, a part, alluding to the capitate arrays of heads in S. capitata +
Evidently from Latin sphagnum, a moss, and cola, dwelling in, perhaps alluding to usually wet habitats +
Greek speira, to become spiral, alluding to flexile branches being suitable for wreathing into garlands +
Greek speira, coil, and anthos, flower, in allusion to the spirally arranged inflorescence +
Genera Splachnum and Bryum, alluding to resemblances +
For G. Ledyard Stebbins, 1906–2000, California botanist +
Greek stenos, narrow, and anthos, flower, alluding to the narrow tepals +
Greek stenos, narrow, and Cereus, referring to the genus from which this segregate was removed +
Greek stenos, narrow, and gonos, seed, alluding to achene +
Greek stenos, narrow, and rhynchos, snout, alluding to the narrow rostellum on the column +
Greek stephanos, crown, wreath, and meris, part, presumably alluding to appearance of plumose bristles of pappus +
Greek stereos, thick, and phyllon, leaf +
For Pedro Jaime Esteve (Stevius), d. 1556, noted medical practitioner and botany professor of Valencia, Spain +
For Benjamin Stillingfleet, 1702–1771, British botanist +
Latin stramineus, straw-colored, and last element of genus name Calliergon +
Genus Streptanthus and Latin -ella, diminutive +
Greek streptos, twisted, and anthos, flower, alluding to crisped petal margin +
Greek streptos, twisted, and - pous, -footed, alluding to the bent or twisted peduncles +
Latin strigosus, covered with short, bristly trichomes, and –ella, diminutive +
Greek stylos, column, pillar, or pole, and cline, couch or bed (or gyne, female, specified by Nuttall in protologue), alluding to narrowly cylindric receptacles of the type species +
Greek stylos, style, and mekon, poppy +
Greek stylos, style, and phoros, bearing, in reference to the conspicuous style, unusual in the family +
For Wilhelm Nikolaus Suksdorf, 1850–1932, German botanist and collector in the Pacific Northwest +
For William S. Sullivant, 1803–1873, American bryologist, who collected the type specimen in Ohio +
For Joseph Donat Surian, d. 1691, French physician who collected plants in the West Indies +
Greek sym-, united, and blepharis, eyelash, alluding to peristome teeth each parted in distal half into two ciliate divisions +
Greek symphysis, junction, and trichos, hair, perhaps alluding to a perceived basal connation of bristles in the European cultivar used by Nees as the type +
Greek symplokos, connected, and karpos, fruit, in reference to the infructescence +
Greek symplokos, connected, twisted, entwined, evidently alluding to connation of stamens and their adnation to petals in type species, S. martinicensis Jacquin +
Greek syngonos, joined together, and anthos, flower, from connate petals of pistillate flowers +
Greek synthlipsis, compression, alluding to flattened fruits +
Greek syn, together, and thyris, valve, alluding to capsule valves adhering below to the placentiferous axis +
Greek syn, plus, and trichos, hair, alluding to twisted peristome united by a basal membrane +
Greek syrrepo, to close the eye, and odon, tooth, alluding to narrow, connivent, horizontal peristome teeth of some species closing capsule mouth upon drying +
Greek systenos, tapering to a point, and theke, case, alluding to involucre teeth +
T
From generic name Talinum, and Greek opsis, resembling +
Malayam thaali, shampoo, and paruthi, cotton, alluding to use and resemblance, respectively +
Greek taxis, arrangement, and phyllon, leaf, alluding to leaf pattern +
Greek taxis, order, and thele, nipple, alluding to single row of papillae over cell lumina +
For Thomas Taylor, 1775 – 1848, British bryologist and coauthor of the Muscologia Britannica +
Latin tectum, roof, and aria, a substantive suffix, alluding to the rooflike indusium of some species +
Greek tephros, ashlike or ash-colored, and seris, endive or chicory, presumably alluding to color of the densely woolly leaves +
Latin terminus, terminal, and alis, pertaining, alluding to leaf clusters at branch tips +
Greek tetra, four, and kokkos, kernel or berry, alluding to 4-lobed capsule in T. dioicus +
Greek tetradymos, fourfold, evidently alluding to numbers of phyllaries and florets in heads of original species +
Greek tetra, four, and gonia, angle, in reference to the shape of the fruit +
Greek tetra, four, gonio, angle, and theca, container, alluding to quadrangular involucres +
Greek tetra, four, and neuron, nerve, alluding to venation of ray floret corollas +
Greek tetraplo - , fourfold, and odon, tooth, alluding to arrangement of exostome teeth +
Greek tettares, four, and pteron, wing, alluding to fruit appearance +
Greek tessares, four, and zygon or zygos, yoke or crossbar, alluding to 4-merous flowers +
Greek tetra, four, and odontos, tooth, alluding to peristome +
Thaliktron, an ancient name used by Dioscorides +
Greek thamnos, shrub, and bryon, moss, alluding to growth form +
Greek thele, nipple, and sperma, seed, alluding to papillate cypselae of original species +
Greek thele, nipple, and Cactus, an old genus name, in reference to the tubercle shape +
Genus Thelypodium and Greek opsis, appearance +
Greek thelys, female, and podion, little foot, alluding to gynophore carrying pistil +
Greek thelys, female, and pteris, fern +
Greek theros, summer, and rhodeos, rose, alluding to flowering time and resemblance +
Greek thespesios, divine, wondrous, or excellent, alluding to planting in sacred groves and use for carving religious sculpture +
Greek thladias, eunuch, and anthos, flower, alluding to staminodes in neuter flowers +
For naturalist and plant collector Frederick William Thurow, 1852–1952, originally from Germany, of Hockley, Texas, near Houston +
Greek thymon, thyme, and phyllon, leaf +
Greek thysanos, fringe, and karpos, fruit, alluding to fruit margin +
For Ivar T. Tidestrom, 1864–1956, Swedish-born American botanist noted for floras of central and western United States +
After the Swedish botanist E. Tillands, 1640–1693 +
Latin tomentum, wooly hairs, alluding to felted rhizoids, and genus Hypnum +
For Olaf Toren, 1718–1753, Swedish clergyman and naturalist with Swedish East India Company +
For David Townsend, 1787–1858, American amateur botanist +
Greek trachys, rough, and cystis, bladder or bag, alluding to mammillose laminal cells +
Greek trachys, rough, and xiphion, little sword, alluding to leaves marginally roughened by serrations +
for John Tradescant, gardener to Charles I of England +
Latin trans- , across, and Bering Sea, alluding to distribution +
for Ernst Rudolph von Trautvetter (1809-1889), Russian botanist +
Greek trema, hole, and odon, tooth, alluding to perforate peristome teeth +
Greek tri- , three-, and aden, gland, alluding to staminodal glands alternating with sets of stamens +
Greek tris- , three-, and anthos, flower, alluding to aggregation of flowers in threes upon spikes +
Greek treis, three, and anthemon, flower +
Greek treis, three, and bolos, a point, for a kind of caltrop, alluding to fruits resembling that ancient metal instrument with three or four spines arranged so that one always projects upward, thrown on the ground to stop cavalry and foot soldiers +
Greek trichos, hair, and kentron, spur, referring to the slender nectarless spur found in some species of the genus +
Greek trichos, hair, and koronos, crown, apparently alluding to setiform pappus elements +
Greek thrix, hair, and manes, cup, alluding to the hairlike receptacle extending from the cuplike involucre +
Greek tricho -, hair, and phorum, carrier or stalk +
Greek tricho- , hairlike, and ptilon, feather, alluding to pappus scales +
Greek trichos, hair, and stigma, stigma, in reference to the penicillate stigma +
Greek trichos, hair, and stoma, mouth, alluding to peristome of filiform teeth +
Latin, one-third of a foot, alluding to height +
Greek, treis, three, and glochis, a point +
Latin trinitas, trinity, alluding to Trinity Lake, type locality of the species, and genus Eurybia, a close relative +
Greek tri, 3-fold, and phoros, bearing, possibly in reference to the few-flowered inflorescence or the 3 crests on the lip of the type species +
Greek tria, three, and physarion, small bladder, alluding to three pouches of abaxial corolla lip +
Greek tri- , three-, pleuro- , ribbed, and sperma, seed, alluding to strongly 3-ribbed cypselae +
Greek tri, three, pteron, wing, and calyx, in reference to the perianth +
Greek trion, three, pteron, wing, and klados, branch, alluding to perceived tripinnate branching +
Latin triquetrus, three edged, and -ella, diminutive, alluding to leaves commonly arranged in three rows +
genus Triteleia and Greek opsis, like +
For Giovanni Battista Triumfetti, 1658 – 1708, Italian botanist, director of the botanical garden in Rome +
Greek tropis, keel, and karpos, fruit, alluding to fruit shape +
For Hans von Türckheim, 1853–1920, plant collector in Guatemala and West Indies +
Persian thoulyban or Turkish tulbend, turban, alluding to the shape of the just-opening perianth +
Local Native American Tumamoc, name for the hill upon which the Carnegie Institute Desert Laboratory is located +
Latin turris, tower, alluding to pyramidal shape of plants due to overlap of leaves and fruits +
Said to be based on Latin tussi s, cough, for which the plant has a medicinal reputation +
Greek, perhaps from typhein, to smoke or to emit smoke, in allusion either to the use of the spikes for maintaining smoky fires or to the smoky brown color of the fruiting spikes. +
U
Latin umbellula, partial umbel +
Malayalam ooren, to loosen or soak, alluding to retting process to extract fibers from stem tissues of U. lobata +
Greek uro- , tail, and pappus, alluding to slender terminal bristle on each pappus scale +
Greek uro, tail, and sperma, seed, alluding to beaks of cypselae +
Latin uvula, alluding to the flowers hanging like that organ, and to formerly supposed efficacy in treating diseases of it +
V
for Antonio Vallisneri, Italian botanist, 1661–1730 +
for George Vancouver (1757-1798), English navigator and explorer +
For Nicolas Louis Vauquelin, 1763–1829, French chemist and pharmacist +
For “rev. Patr. Mich. Venegas Hispani,” 1680–1764, “qui primus notitiam naturalem civilemque circà Californiam scripsit” +
For G. Venturi, 1830–1898, Italian lawyer and bryologist +
Ancient Latin name used by Pliny, probably corruption of barbascum, bearded, alluding to dense tomentum, or barbarum, medicinal plaster, alluding to use of some species +
Late Latin form of Greek Berenike/Pherenike, phero, bearer, and nike, victory, probably alluding to Saint Veronica +
Genus Veronica and Latin -astrum, resembling +
Latin vesicularis, like a little bladder, alluding to lax areolation of laminal cells +
Latin voluta, twisted, spiral, and - aria, possession, alluding to spirally coiled corolla lobes of original species +
W
For Franz de Paula Adam von Waldstein, 1759–1823, Austrian soldier and botanist +
For Augustin Friedrich Walther, 1688 – 1746, German physician, anatomist, and botanist at Leipzig University +
For Nathaniel A. Ware, 1789–1853, teacher in South Carolina and plant collector, especially in Florida +
For Carl Friedrich E. Warnstorf, 1837–1921, German teacher and botanist +
fFor George Washington, 1732–1799, American patriot and first president of the United States +
For Lieutenant Amiel Weeks Whipple, 1816–1863, commander of Pacific Railroad Expedition 1853 & 1854 +
possibly for Christian Wilhelms, fl. 1819–1837, plant collector in the Caucasus +
For Friedrich (later Frederick) Adolph Wislizenus, 1810–1889, botanical collector in southwestern United States and adjacent Mexico +
For Johann Friedrich Wolff, 1778–1806, German physician, and Latin ella, diminutive +
in honor of Thomas Jenkin 1820, English botanist +
X
Greek xanthos, yellow, and -i smos, condition or quality, alluding to bright yellow florets +
Greek xanthos, yellow, evidently alluding to an ancient name for a plant that produced a yellow dye +
Greek xanthos, yellow, and kephale, head +
Greek xanthos, yellow, and rhiza, root +
Greek xeros, dry, and chrysos, gold, perhaps alluding to phyllaries +
Greek xeros, dry, and phyllon, leaf, alluding to the sclerified foliage +
Greek xylon, wood, and kokkos, berry, alluding to fruit +
Y
Z
Derivation equivocal, perhaps from misreading of Latin azania, a kind of pine cone, or from Latin zamia, loss, from the "sterile appearance" of the pollen cones +
for Gian Girolamo Zannichelli, 1662–1729, Venetian apothecary and botanist +
Greek zelos, emulation, and genus Meteorium, alluding to similarity +
Greek Zephyros, west wind, and anthos, flower +
Greek zeuxis, a yoking or joining, referring to partial union of lip and column, or possibly to fusion of pollinia +
Greek zygos, yoke, and aden, gland, referring to the pair of glands on each tepal of the type species +
For Johann Gottfried Zinn, 1727–1759, professor of botany, Göttingen, known for botanical studies in Mexico +
Greek zygon, yoke, alluding to 16 peristome teeth initially connate in pairs in some species +
Greek zygon, yoke, and phyllon, leaf, alluding to conjugate leaflets as in Z. fabago +